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BIBTEX RIS

Additional reduction in blood pressure after cholesterol-lowering treatment by statins (lovastatin or pravastatin) in hypercholesterolemic patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (enalapril or lisinopril)

1999; Elsevier BV; Volume: 83; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0002-9149(99)00132-0

1879-1913

Andrei C. Spósito, Antônio de Pádua Mansur, Otávio Rizzi Coelho, José Carlos Nicolau, José Antônio Franchini Ramires,

Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies

High plasma cholesterol levels are frequently seen in patients with systemic hypertension. However, the relation between hypercholesterolemia and mechanisms regulating blood pressure (BP) is still poorly understood. Recent experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between high plasma cholesterol levels and impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation. 1 Lewis T.V Cooper B.A Dart A.M Chin-Dusting J.P Responses to endothelium-dependent agonists in subcutaneous arteries excised from hypercholesterolaemic men. Br J Pharmacol. 1998; 124: 222-228 Crossref PubMed Scopus (22) Google Scholar , 2 Stroes E de Bruin T de Valk H Erkelens W Banga J.D van Rijn H Koomans H Rabelink T NO activity in familial combined hyperlipidemia potential role of cholesterol remnants. Cardiovasc Res. 1997; 36: 445-452 Crossref PubMed Scopus (45) Google Scholar , 3 Stroes E.S Koomans H.A de Bruin T.W Rabelink T.J Vascular function in the forearm of hypercholesterolaemic patients off and on lipid-lowering medication. Lancet. 1995; 346: 467-471 PubMed Scopus (398) Google Scholar In experimental studies, nitric oxide biosynthesis, plasma renin activity, calcium influx current, and vasoconstrictor autacoids, such as endothelin-1 and leukotriene E4, were implicated in this vascular dysfunction. 4 Vidal F Colome C Martinez-Gonzalez J Badimon L Atherogenic concentrations of native low-density lipoproteins down-regulate nitric-oxide-synthase mRNA and protein levels in endothelial cells. Eur J Biochem. 1998; 252: 378-384 Crossref PubMed Scopus (82) Google Scholar , 5 Kotchen T.A Talwalkar R.T Increased enzymatic activity of renin and hyperlipidemia. Am J Physiol. 1981; 240: E60-E64 PubMed Google Scholar , 6 Alderman M.H Ooi W.L Cohen H Madhavan S Sealey J.E Laragh J.H Plasma renin activity a risk factor for myocardial infarction in hypertensive patients. Am J Hypertens. 1997; 10: 1-8 Crossref PubMed Scopus (175) Google Scholar , 7 Allikmets K Parik T Teesalu R Association between plasma renin activity and metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in essential hypertension. J Intern Med. 1996; 239: 49-55 Crossref PubMed Scopus (11) Google Scholar , 8 Gleason M.M Medow M.S Tulenko T.N Excess membrane cholesterol alters calcium movements, cytosolic calcium levels, and membrane fluidity in arterial smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 1991; 69: 216-227 Crossref PubMed Scopus (157) Google Scholar , 9 Sen L Bialecki R.A Smith E Smith T.W Colucci W.S Cholesterol increases the L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel current in arterial smooth muscle cells. Circ Res. 1992; 71: 1008-1014 Crossref PubMed Scopus (49) Google Scholar , 10 Ohya Y Abe I Fujii K Takata Y Fujishima M Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels in resistance arteries from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circ Res. 1993; 73: 1090-1099 Crossref PubMed Scopus (91) Google Scholar , 11 Rubattu S Volpe M Enea I Russo R Romano M Trimarco B Influence of hypercholesterolemia on adrenal steroid metabolism and electrolyte balance in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Endocrinology. 1993; 133: 2015-2021 PubMed Google Scholar , 12 Mangiafico R.A Malatino L.S Santonocito M Spada R.S Polizzi G Tamburino G Raised plasma endothelin-1 concentrations in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia without evidence of atherosclerosis. Int Angiol. 1996; 15: 240-244 PubMed Google Scholar , 13 Lerman A Webster M.W Chesebro J.H Edwards W.D Wei C.M Fuster V Burnett Jr, J.C Circulating and tissue endothelin immunoreactivity in hypercholesterolemic pigs. Circulation. 1993; 88: 2923-2928 Crossref PubMed Scopus (150) Google Scholar Therefore, hypercholesterolemia may contribute to increased vascular reactivity and systemic hypertension. The present study compares BP reduction between hypertensive patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with and without cholesterol-lowering statin treatment.