One hundred years in the making: the creation and protection of Raymond Unwin's legacy at Hampstead Garden Suburb
2014; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 30; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/02665433.2014.948487
ISSN1466-4518
Autores Tópico(s)Architecture, Modernity, and Design
ResumoAbstractHampstead Garden Suburb celebrated its centenary in 2007. This paper describes what Unwin created at the Garden Suburb, explains how its special characteristics are protected today and asks whether the way it is managed ensures that it meaningfully endures as an iconic community. It looks at how Unwin developed his role as master planner and consultant architect to the Trust and the mechanisms he used to ensure the quality of the site planning and architecture was maintained. Finally, the work of the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust in protecting the character of the area is outlined, including some details of the background to the current statutory mechanisms of protection and the tools the Trust uses to carry out its role.Keywords: Hampstead Garden SuburbRaymond Unwingarden city planningprotection of characterscheme of management Notes on contributorDavid Andrew Davidson, BA Arch., MA Arch. Bldg Cons., IHBC, has been the Architectural Adviser to the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust since 1998. The Trust is the estate management organization which acts to protect the special character of the Suburb, its buildings and its landscapes. From 1990 to 1998, he worked as a Conservation Officer for Birmingham City Council, West Midlands. He has written a short study of the work of J.C.S. Soutar, who succeeded Unwin as Consultant Architect to the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust in 1915. This is to be published in the Journal of The Twentieth Century Society.Notes1. The 1909 Housing, Town Planning etc. Act.2. The most complete account can be found in Miller, Hampstead Garden Suburb.3. Quoted in the Debenture Stock Issue Prospectus, released by the Hampstead Garden Suburb Trust Limited, dated 21 July 1908.4. Edwin Lutyens was invited, on an unknown brief, to join Unwin as consultant architect in order to boost the profile of the project – he was the most famous British architect of his day. His involvement was probably suggested by the chairman of the Trust, Alfred Lyttelton, for whom he had designed 'Grey Walls' in Scotland. Lutyens took responsibility for planning Central Square. The names of Norman Shaw and Sir Aston Webb had both been mentioned as consultant architects. See Ikin, Dreams and Realities, 22.5. Unwin, Town Planning in Practice.6. Rothenburg ob der Tauber in Bavaria was a town he much admired and was illustrated extensively in Town Planning in Practice.7. Both the Letchworth office, run by Barry Parker, and his new base at Wyldes Farm, Hampstead, which he converted to home and drawing office in 1907.8. Co-partnership tenants' societies sprang from the English Co-operative movement. The basis of co-partnership tenancy was that the tenant got dividends on the rent he paid. Hampstead Tenants Ltd. was formed in March 1907, and under its rules you had to own shares in the company in order to become a member and be eligible for a tenancy. Second Hampstead Tenants Ltd. was formed in 1909, Hampstead Heath Extension Tenants Ltd. in 1912 and Oakwood Tenants Ltd. in 1912. Part of the profits from rents was paid into a Common Fund for Collective Social and Educational Purposes.9. The Artisan's Quarter was the name given to the area of the Suburb reserved for rented housing for the working classes.10. Betham, Co-partnership in Housing, 4.11. The Garden Suburb Development Company, Town Planning and Modern Architecture.12. Ibid., 2.13. Ibid., 34.14. Ibid., 90.15. The Garden Suburb Development Company, Garden Suburbs, 31.16. Jackson, Sir Raymond Unwin, 98.17. She had remained a critical, sometimes exasperated, but supportive force throughout the development of the suburb, had acted as general manager to the Trust and was still signing building leases in the year of her death.18. In the end, the Trust carried on until 1969, when it was finally wound up.19. Buildings are still being added to the Statutory list. The discovery of a previously unattributed Baillie Scott house from 1929 resulted to its listing in 2000. Dr Mervyn Miller's review of private flats resulted in 'Heathcroft' (J.B.F. Cowper, 1923) and 'The Pantiles' (Cowper, 1934) being listed in 2003. A house in Ingram Avenue by Soutar, after a sketch by Lutyens, was added in 2003. The Modern Movement-style Belvedere Court (Ernst Freud, 1937) was listed in 1999.20. Hampstead Garden Suburb Memorandum and Articles of Association, 1968.21. It helped that Harold Wilson, the Prime Minister, was a Suburb resident at the time the bill was being drafted.22. Hampstead Garden Suburb Scheme of Management, approved pursuant to the Leasehold Reform Act 1967 by the High Court on 17 January 1974.23. See http://www.hgstrust.org/about/character_appraisal.html. To augment this, a photographic survey of every property was carried out in 2012. Added to two earlier surveys of 1985 and 2003, a glance at comparative images shows how change has been successfully managed over this 30 year period.24. See http://www.hgstrust.org/planning/designguide/designguidance.pdf.25. Unwin, Town Planning in Practice, 363.26. Quoted in Miller Arts and Crafts Utopia? 55.27. Quoted from an article in Contemporary Review, LXXII (470), February 1905 in Miller Hampstead Garden Suburb, 50.28. The Garden Suburb Development Company, Town Planning and Modern Architecture, 2.
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