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Rare Outcomes, Common Treatments: Analytic Strategies Using Propensity Scores

2002; American College of Physicians; Volume: 137; Issue: 8 Linguagem: Inglês

10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00015

1539-3704

Leonard E. Braitman, Paul R. Rosenbaum,

Statistical Methods and Inference

Editorials15 October 2002Rare Outcomes, Common Treatments: Analytic Strategies Using Propensity ScoresLeonard E. Braitman, PhD and Paul R. Rosenbaum, PhDLeonard E. Braitman, PhDSearch for more papers by this author and Paul R. Rosenbaum, PhDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-137-8-200210150-00015 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail When treated patients are compared to controls, differing outcomes may reflect either effects caused by the treatment or differences in prognosis before treatment. Random assignment of patients to treatment or control, as in a randomized, controlled clinical trial (1), ensures that the groups were comparable before treatment and the prognosis in treated and control groups was nearly the same, so that differing outcomes indicate treatment effects. Somewhat more precisely, random assignment ensures that the only differences in prognosis between groups are due to chance, the flip of a coin in assigning treatments. In an ideal randomized trial, if a common ...References1. Piantadosi S. Clinical Trials: A Methodologic Perspective. New York: J Wiley; 1997. Google Scholar2. Rosenbaum PR. Observational Studies. New York: Springer-Verlag; 2002. Google Scholar3. Cornfield J, Haenszel W, Hammond E, Lilienfeld A, Shimkin M, Wynder E. Smoking and lung cancer: recent evidence and a discussion of some questions. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1959;22:173-203. MedlineGoogle Scholar4. Rosenbaum PR. Discussing hidden bias in observational studies. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:901-5. [PMID: 1952480] LinkGoogle Scholar5. Jasmer RM, Saukkonen JJ, Blumberg HM, Daley CL, Bernardo J, Vittinghoff E, et al . Short-course rifampin and pyrazinamide compared with isoniazid for latent tuberculosis infection: a multicenter clinical trial. 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Validating recommendations for coronary angiography following acute myocardial infarction in the elderly: a matched analysis using propensity scores. J Clin Epidemiol. 2001;54:387-98. [PMID: 11297888] CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar16. Hill AB. The environment and disease: association or causation? Proc Roy Soc Med. 1965;58:295-300. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar17. Rosenbaum PR. Does a dose-response relationship reduce sensitivity to hidden bias? Biostatistics. 2002; 3 [In press]. Google Scholar Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAuthors: Leonard E. Braitman, PhD; Paul R. Rosenbaum, PhDGrant Support: Dr. Rosenbaum is supported by grant SES-0004205 from the Methodology, Measurement and Statistics Program and the Statistics and Probability Program of the U.S. National Science Foundation.Corresponding Author: Leonard E. Braitman, PhD, Office for Research and Technology Development, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141; e-mail, lbraitman@att.net.Current Author Address: Dr. Braitman: Office for Research and Technology Development, Albert Einstein Medical Center, 5501 Old York Road, Philadelphia, PA 19141.Dr. Rosenbaum: Department of Statistics, University of Pennsylvania, 400 Jon M. Huntsman Hall, 3730 Locust Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsSee AlsoShort-Course Rifampin and Pyrazinamide Compared with Isoniazid for Latent Tuberculosis Infection: A Multicenter Clinical Trial Robert M. Jasmer , Jussi J. Saukkonen , Henry M. Blumberg , Charles L. Daley , John Bernardo , Eric Vittinghoff , Mark D. King , L. Masae Kawamura , and Philip C. 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Longstreth Jr, MD, MPH, Carol E. Fahrenbruch, MSPH, and Thomas D. Koepsell, MD, MPHThe dark side of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors during percutaneous coronary interventionsProgress toward a global understanding of infective endocarditis 15 October 2002Volume 137, Issue 8 Page: 693-695 Keywords Asthma Clinical trials Coronary arteries Drugs Isoniazid Liver Observational studies Patients Surgery Tuberculosis ePublished: 15 October 2002 Issue Published: 15 October 2002 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2002 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...