Nuclear Power After Japan: The Social Dimensions
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 53; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00139157.2011.623051
ISSN1939-9154
AutoresCatherine Butler, Karen Parkhill, Nicholas Frank Pidgeon,
Tópico(s)Risk Perception and Management
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. For a more detailed outline of incident see International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Fact Finding Expert Mission of the Nuclear Accident Following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, Tokyo, Fukushima Dai-ichi NPP, Fukushima Dai-ni NPP and Tokai NPP, Japan 24 May–1 June 2011: Preliminary Summary (IAEA, 2011). Available at http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/fukushima/missionsummary010611.pdf (accessed 19 July 2011), p. 1. 2. S. Saoshiro, “Pockets of High Radiation Remind of Fukushima Plant Danger,” Reuters, August 2 (2011). http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/02/japan-nuclear-radiation-idUSL3E7J203D20110802 3. IAEA, Fukushima Nuclear Accident Update Log: IAEA Update on Fukushima Nuclear Accident, April 12, 2011, 4:45. Available at http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/tsunamiupdate01.html (accessed 12 April 2011); IAEA, The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale: Users Manual 2008 edition (Vienna: IAEA, 2009), p. 6. 4. International Energy Agency, IEA Annual Report: World Energy Outlook 2010 (IEA, 2010). Available http://www.worldenergyoutlook.org/quotes.asp (accessed 4 April 2011). 5. Greenpeace UK, “Governments Nuclear plans Declared Unlawful by High Court,” press release (February 15, 2007). Available at http://www.greenpeace.org.uk/media/press-releases/governments-nuclear-plans-declared-unlawful-by-high-court (accessed 19 July 2011) 6. Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology (BMWi), Energy Concept (Berlin, Germany: 2010). 7. On the amplification of risk, see N. Pidgeon, R. Kasperson, and P. Slovic, eds., The Social Amplification and attentuation of Risk (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003), pp. 13 – 46 8. Prime Minister Naota Kan, Press Conference by Prime Minister Naoto Kan, press conference, Japan, 13 July 2011 (provisional translation). Available at http://www.kantei.go.jp/foreign/kan/statement/201107/13kaiken_e.html (accessed 20 July 2011). 9. Federal Ministry of for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, The Path to the Energy of the Future—Reliable, Affordable and Environmentally Sound. Available at http://www.bmu.de/english/energy_efficiency/doc/47609.php (accessed 21 July 2011). 10. HM Chief Inspector of Nuclear Installations, Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami: Implications for the UK Nuclear Industry Interim Report (London, UK: Office for Nuclear Regulation—An agency of the Health and Safety Executive, 2011). Available at http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/fukushima/interim-report.pdf (accessed 21 July 2011). 11. Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), National Policy Statement for Nuclear Power Generation Volume 1 (EN-6) (London: Crown Copyright, 2011). 12 Charles Hendry Speech to the NIA Conference, “The Road to Final Investment Decisions,” 6 July 2011. Available at http://www.decc.gov.uk/en/content/cms/news/ch_speech_nia/ch_speech_nia.aspx (accessed 22 July 2011) 13. The White House, Blueprint for a Secure Energy Future (Washington, DC: 30 March 2011), p. 34. 14. J. McCurry “Japan cabinet approves Fukushima nuclear compensation” The Guardian, 14 June 2011. Available at http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jun/14/japan-approves-fukushima-nuclear-compensation (accessed 25 July 2011). 15. U. Beck, World at Risk (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2009), p. 2. 16. IEA, note 4. Also: http://www.iea.org/speech/2011/Tanaka_Low_Nuclear_Case.pdf (accessed 22 July 2011). 17. M. Schneider, A. Froggatt, and S. Thomas, The World Nuclear Industry Status Report 2010–2011, Nuclear Power in a Post-Fukushima World: 25 Years after the Chernobyl Accident (Washington, DC: World Watch Institute, April 2011), pp. 7–8. See also J. Jewell, “Ready for Nuclear Energy: An Assessment of capacities and Motivations for Launching New National Nuclear Power Programmes,” Energy Policy 39 (2011): 1041–1055 18. I. Welsh, Mobilising Modernity: The Nuclear Moment (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 1. 19. P. Slovic, “Perceptions of Risk,” Science 236 (1997): 280–285. Also see S. R. Weart, Nuclear Fear: A History of Images (London: Harvard University Press, 1988); J. Masco, The Nuclear Borderlands: The Manhattan Project in Post-Cold War New Mexico (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2006). 20. E. A. Rosa and W. R. Freudenburg, “The Historical Development of Public Relations to Nuclear Power: Implications for Nuclear Waste Policy,” in R. E. Dunlap, M. E. Kraft, and E. A. Rosa, eds., Public Reaction to Nuclear Waste: Citizens' Views of Repository Siting (Dunham, NC: Duke University Press, 1993), pp. 32–63. 21. B. Wynne, “Misunderstood Misunderstandings: Social Identities and Public Uptake of Science,” Public Understandings of Science 1 (1992): 281–304; W. Poortinga and N. F. Pidgeon, “Exploring the Dimensionality of Trust in Risk Regulation,” Risk Analysis 23 (2003): 961–972. 22. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, Public Attitudes to Nuclear Power, NEA No. 6859 (OECD, 2010), p. 39. http://www.oecd-nea.org/ndd/reports/2010/nea6859-public-attitudes.pdf 23. A. Spence, D. Venables, N. Pidgeon, W. Poortinga, and C. Demski, C., Public Perceptions of Climate Change and Energy Futures in Britain: Summary Findings of a Survey Conducted in January–March 2010 (Technical Report—Understanding Risk Working Paper 10-01, Cardiff: School of Psychology, Cardiff University, 2010). Available at http://www.understanding-risk.org/docs/final_report.pdf (accessed 25 July 2011). 24. N. F. Pidgeon, I. Lorenzoni, and W. Poortinga, “Climate Change or Nuclear Power—No Thanks! A Quantitative Study of Public Perceptions and Risk Framing in Britain,” Global Environmental Change 18 (2008): 69–85; also see A. Corner D. Venables, A. Spence, W. Poortinga, C. Demski, and N. F. Pidgeon, “Nuclear Power, Climate Change and Energy Security: Exploring British Public Attitudes,” Energy Policy 39 (2011): 4823–4833. 25. Ipsos-Mori, Strong Global Opposition to Nuclear Power: Ipsos Global @dvisor Wave 20. Available at http://www.ipsos-mori.com/researchpublications/researcharchive/2817/Strong-global-opposition-towards-nuclear-power.aspx (accessed 25 July 2011). 26. C. Butler, K. Parkhill, and N. Pidgeon, “From the Material to the Imagined: Public Engagement With Low Carbon Technologies in a Nuclear Community,” Renewable Energy and The Public: From NIMBY to Participation (London: Earthscan, 2011), pp. 301–315 27. N. F. Pidgeon, K. L. Henwood, K. A. Parkhill, D. Venables, and P. Simmons, Living With Nuclear Power in Britain: A Mixed Methods Study (Cardiff, UK: School of Psychology Cardiff University, 2008). Available at http://www.understanding-risk.org/docs/livingwithnuclearpower.pdf (accessed 25 July 2011). K. A. Parkhill, N. F. Pidgeon, K. L. Henwood, P. Simmons, and D. Venables, “From the Familiar to the Extraordinary: Local Residents' Perceptions of Risk When Living With Nuclear Power in the UK,” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 35 (2010): 39–58. 28. Pidgeon et al., note 8, pp. 13–46. 29. F. Zonabend, The Nuclear Peninsula (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993); K. A. Parkhill, K. L. Henwood, N. F. Pidgeon, and P. Simmons, “Laughing It Off? Humour, Affect and Emotion Work in Communities Living With Nuclear Risk,” British Journal of Sociology 62, no. 2 (2011), 324–346. 30. U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, “Inspections at U.S. Nuclear Plants Prompt Corrective Actions,” press release (Washington, DC: 13 May 2011), p. 1. 31. Office for Nuclear Regulation, Japanese Earthquake and Tsunami: Implications for the UK Nuclear Industry, Interim Report (Merseyside: HM Chief Inspector of Nuclear Installations, 18 May 2011).http://www.hse.gov.uk/nuclear/fukushima/interim-report.pdf 32. Ethics Commission for Safe Energy Supply, Germany's Energy Transition: A Collective Project for the Future (Berlin: 30 May 2011). 33. Ibid., p. 2 34. Schneider et al., note 18. 35. S. Klinsky and H. Dowlatabadi, “Conceptualisations of Justice in Climate Policy: Synthesis Article,” Climate Policy 9 (2009): 88–108. 36. For example, see A. Blowers, “Why Fukushima Is a Moral Issue: The Need for an Ethic of the Future in the Debate About the Future of Nuclear Energy,” Journal of Integrative Environmental Sciences, 8, no. 2 (2011): 73–80; D. Okrent and N. Pidgeon, “Introduction: Dilemmas in Intergenerational Versus Intragenerational Equity and Risk Policy,” Risk Analysis, 20, no. 6 (2000): 759–762. 37. K. Shrader-Frechette, “Trading Jobs for Health: Ionizing Radiation, Occupational Ethics and the Welfare Argument,” Science and Engineering Ethics 8, no. 2 (2002): 139–154. 38. McCurry, note 14. 39. S. M. Hoffman, “Negotiating Eternity: Energy Policy, Environmental Justice, and the Politics of Nuclear Waste,” Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 21, no. 6 (2001): 456–472. 40. A. W. Gamson and A. Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach,” American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 1 (1989): 10. 41. Ibid. 42. A. Corner D. Venables, A. Spence, W. Poortinga, C. Demski, and N. F. Pidgeon, “Nuclear Power, Climate Change and Energy Security: Exploring British Public Attitudes,” Energy Policy 39 (2011): 4823–4833. 43. Gamson and Modigliani, note 41, p. 20. 44. J. Doyle, “Acclimatizing Nuclear? Climate Change, Nuclear Power and the Reframing of Risk in the UK News Media,” The International Communication Gazette 73 no. 1–2 (2011): 107–125. Also on “reluctant acceptance” see note 27. 45. P. Chilton, “Metaphor Euphemism and the Militarisation of Language,” Current Research on Peace and Violence 10 no. 7 (1987): 7–19, cited in A. W. Gamson and A. Modigliani, “Media Discourse and Public Opinion on Nuclear Power: A Constructionist Approach,” American Journal of Sociology 95, no. 1 (1989): 1–37. 46. B. Fischhoff, “Risk Perception and Communication Unplugged: 20 Years of Process,” Risk Analysis 15 (1995): 137–145. 47. W. L. Bennett, “An Introduction to Journalism Norms and Representations of Politics,” Political Communication 13 (1996): 373–384. 48. Parkhill et al., note 32. 49. For example, Beck, note 16, p. 2. 50. A. Stirling, “Limits to the Value of External Costs,” Energy Policy 25, no. 5 (1997): 535. 51. C. Mogi, “Energy Policy Chaos Threatens Japan's Economy,” Reuters (4 August 2011). Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/04/us-japan-energy-idUSTRE7731GS20110804 (accessed 5 August 2011). 52. S. Fujino, “Fukushima Crisis: Nuclear Only Part of Japan's Problems,” BBC Online (20 July 2011). Available at http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14224409 (accessed 5 August 2011); see also C. Mogi, “Japan's Nuclear Crisis Casts Doubt Over Carbon Goals,” Reuters (4 April 2011). Available at http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/04/us-japan-co-idUSTRE73233A20110404 (accessed 5 August 2011). 53. Ipsos-Mori, see note 25. 54. Ipsos-Mori, see note 25. 55. M. Mombiot, “Why Fukushima Made Me Stop Worrying and Love Nuclear Power,” The Guardian Online (21 March 2011). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/21/pro-nuclear-japan-fukushima 56. M. Boisvert, “Fukushima: Setting Energy Independence Back Again,” BardPolitikDaily, 17 April 2011. http://bardpolitikdaily.blogspot.com/2011/04/fukushima-setting-energy-independence.html 57. M. Lynas, “Fukushima: Rationality Versus Emotion in Policy-Making,” Mark Lynas Website (19 May 2011). Available at http://www.marklynas.org/2011/05/fukushima-rationality-vs-emotion-in-policy-making (accessed 5 August 2011). 58. J. Porritt, “Why the UK Must Choose Renewables Over Nuclear,” The Guardian Online (26 July 2011). http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/blog/2011/jul/26/george-monbiot-renewable-nuclear 59. O. Normimitsu and K. Belson, “Culture of Complicity Tied to Stricken Nuclear Plant,” The New York Times (26 April 2011). Available at http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/27/world/asia/27collusion.html?pagewanted=all (accessed 4 August 2011) 60. C. Bennett, “Fukushima Shows Us the Real Cost of Nuclear Power,” The Guardian Online (21 March 2011). http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/mar/23/fukushima-nuclear-power-renewable-energy 61. O. Rani, “It's Time Humans Heeded Nature Warning,” China Daily (4 August 2011). Available at http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-03/19/content_12195463.htm (accessed 4 August 2011) 62. M. Lynas, “Fukushima's Lessons in Climate Change,” The New Statesman (17 March 2011). http://www.newstatesman.com/asia/2011/03/nuclear-power-lynas-japan
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