Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Ploidy in gynaecological cancers

2005; Wiley; Volume: 46; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Galês

10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02087.x

1365-2559

H. Fox,

Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics

HistopathologyVolume 46, Issue 2 p. 121-129 Ploidy in gynaecological cancers H Fox, H Fox University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (2005) Histopathology46, 121–129Search for more papers by this author H Fox, H Fox University of Manchester, Manchester, UK (2005) Histopathology46, 121–129Search for more papers by this author First published: 05 February 2005 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2005.02087.xCitations: 11 H Fox, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Bauer TW, Tubbs RR, Edinger MG, Suit PF, Gephardt GN, Levin HS. Prospective comparison of DNA quantitation by image and flow cytometry. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1990; 93; 322–326. 2 Kaern J, Wetteland J, Trope C et al. Comparison between flow cytometry and image cytometry in ploidy distribution assessments in gynecologic cancer. Cytometry 1992; 13; 314–321. 3 Van Dam PA, Watson JV, Lowe DG, Shepherd JH. Flow cytometric DNA analysis in gynecological oncology. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1992; 2; 57–65. 4 Van Dam PA. Ploidy in ovarian cancer and prognosis. In R Leake, M Gore, RH Ward eds. The biology of gynaecological cancer. London: RCOG Press, 1995; 258–273. 5 McCarthy R, Fetterhoff T. Issues for quality assurance in clinical flow cytometry. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1989; 21; 551–558. 6 Koss LG, Czerniak B, Herz F, Westro RP. Flow cytometric measurements of DNA and other cell components in human tumors: a critical appraisal. Hum. Pathol. 1989; 20; 528–548. 7 Heiden T, Strang P, Stendhal U, Tribukait B. The reproducibility of flow cytometric analysis in human tumours. Anticancer Res. 1990; 10; 49–54. 8 Robinson R. Defining the limits of DNA cytometry. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1992; 26; 275–277. 9 Arbor D, Cook P, Moser L, Speights V. Variations in reference cells for DNA analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1992; 97; 387–392. 10 Coon J, Paxton H, Lucy L, Homberger H. Interlaboratory variation in DNA flow cytometry. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1994; 118; 681–685. 11 Rosenberg P, Wingren S, Guerrieri C. Flow-cytometric DNA heterogeneity in paraffin-embedded endometrial cancer. Acta Oncol. 1997; 36; 23–26. 12 Tirindelli-Danesi D, Spano M, Altavista P et al. Quality control study of the Italian Group of Cytometry on flow cytometry DNA content measurements. II. Factors affecting inter- and intralaboratory variability. Cytometry 1997; 30; 85–97. 13 Friedlander ML, Hedley DW, Taylor IW, Russell P, Coates AS, Tattersall MH. Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer Res. 1984; 44; 397–400. 14 Friedlander ML, Hedley DH, Swanson C, Russell P. Prediction of long term survivals by flow cytometric analysis of cellular DNA content in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 1988; 6; 282–290. 15 Baak JPA, Wisse-Brekelmans EC, Uyterlinde AM, Schipper NW. Evaluation of the prognostic value of morphometric features and cellular DNA content in FIGO I ovarian cancer patients. Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 1987; 9; 287–290. 16 Rodenberg CJ, Cornelisse CJ, Heintz PA, Hermans J, Fleuren GJ. Tumor ploidy as a major prognostic factor in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer 1987; 59; 317–323. 17 Kallioniemi OP, Punnonen R, Mattila J et al. Prognostic significance of DNA index, multiploidy and S-phase fraction in ovarian cancer. Cancer 1988; 61; 334–339. 18 Iversen OE. Prognostic value of the flow cytometric DNA index in human ovarian carcinoma. Cancer 1988; 6; 971–975. 19 Volm M, Kleine W, Pfleiderer A. Flow cytometric prognostic factors for the survival of patients with ovarian carcinoma: a 5 year follow-up study. Gynecol. Oncol. 1989; 35; 84–89. 20 Klemi PJ, Joensuu H, Naenpaa J, Kiiholma P. Influence of cellular DNA content on survival in ovarian carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol. 1989; 74; 200–204. 21 Khoo SK, Hurst T, Kearsley GD et al. Prognostic significance of tumor ploidy in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1990; 39; 284–288. 22 Khoo SK, Battistutta D, Hurst T, Sanderson B, Ward BG, Free K. The prognostic value of clinical, pathologic, and biologic parameters in ovarian cancer. Cancer 1993; 72; 479–481. 23 Barnabei VM, Scott-Miller D, Bauer KD et al. Flow cytometric evaluation of epithelial ovarian cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1990; 162; 1584–1592. 24 Jakobsen A, Bichel P, Stornes I. Prognostic significance of DNA index in advanced ovarian cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1991; 1; 195–197. 25 Vergote IB, Kaern J, Abeler VM et al. Analysis of prognostic factors in stage I epithelial ovarian carcinoma: importance of degreee of differentiation and DNA ploidy in predicting relapse. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993; 169; 40–52. 26 Gajewski WH, Fuller AF, Pastel-Ley C et al. Prognostic significance of DNA content in epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1994; 53; 5–12. 27 Kaern J, Trope CG, Kristensen CB et al. Evaluation of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction as prognostic parameters in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994; 170; 479–487. 28 Zanetta G, Keeney GL, Cha SS, Wieand HS, Katzmann JA, Podratz KC. DNA index by flow cytometric analysis: an additi-onal prognostic factor in advanced ovarian carcinoma without residual disease after primary operation. Gynecol. Oncol. 1996; 62; 208–212. 29 Schueler JA, Trimbos JB, Burg M, Cornelisse CJ, Hermans J, Fleuren GJ. DNA index reflects the biological behaviour of ovarian carcinoma stage I-IIa. Gynecol. Oncol. 1996; 62; 59–66. 30 Kimball RE, Schlaerth JB, Kute T et al. Flow cytometric analysis of lymph node metastases in advanced ovarian cancer: clinical and biologic significance. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1997; 176; 1326–1327. 31 Bakshi N, Rajwanshi A, Patel F, Ganguly NK. Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction in malignant serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 1998; 20; 215–220. 32 Silvestrini R, Daidone MG, Veneroni S et al. The clinical predictivity of biomarkers of stage III–IV epithelial ovarian cancer in a prospective randomized treatment protocol. Cancer 1998; 82; 159–167. 33 Pietrzak K, Olszewski W. DNA ploidy as a prognostic factor in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Pol. J. Pathol. 1998; 49; 141–144. 34 But I, Gorisek B. DNA-ploidy as an independent prognostic factor in patients with serous ovarian carcinoma. Int. J. Gynaecol. Obstet. 2000; 71; 259–262. 35 Valverde JJ, Martin M, Garcia-Asenjo JA, Casado A, Vidart JA, Diaz-Rubio E. Prognostic value of DNA quantification in early epithelial ovarian carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol. 2001; 97; 409–416. 36 Ozalp S, Yalcin OT, Gulbas Z, Tanir HM, Minsin T. Effect of cellular DNA content on the prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancers. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest. 2001; 52; 93–97. 37 Kimmig R, Wimberger F, Hillemanns P, Kapsner T, Caspari C, Hepp H. Multivariate analysis of the prognostic significance of DNA-ploidy and S-phase fraction in ovarian cancer determined by flow cytometry following detection of cytokeratin-labeled tumor cells. Gynecol. Oncol. 2002; 84; 21–31. 38 Erba E, Ubezio P, Pepe S et al. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA content in human ovarian cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1989; 60; 45–50. 39 Kigawa J, Minagawa Y, Ishihara H, Kanamori Y, Terakawa N. Tumor DNA ploidy and prognosis of patients with serous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary. Cancer 1993; 72; 804–808. 40 Scambia G, Panici PB, Ferrandina G et al. Expression of HER-2/neu oncoprotein, DNA-ploidy and S-phase fraction in advanced ovarian cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1993; 3; 271–278. 41 Pfisterer J, Kommoss F, Sauerbrei A et al. Cellular DNA content and survival in advanced ovarian cancer. Cancer 1994; 74; 2509–2515. 42 Rice LW, Mark SD, Berkowitz RS, Goff BA, Lage JM. Clinicopathologic variables, operative characteristics, and DNA ploidy in predicting outcome in ovarian epithelial carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 86; 379–385. 43 Resnik E, Trujillo YP, Taxy JB. Long term survival and DNA ploidy in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 1997; 64; 299–303. 44 Curling M, Stenning S, Hudson CN, Watson JV. Multivariate analyses of DNA index, p-63myc and clinicopathological status of patients with ovarian cancer. J. Clin. Pathol. 1998; 51; 455–461. 45 Reles AE, Gee C, Schellschmidt I et al. Prognostic significance of DNA content and S-phase fraction in epithelial ovarian carcinomas analyzed by image cytometry. Gynecol. Oncol. 1998; 71; 3–13. 46 Karaburun S, Karaveli S, Pestereli HE, Simsek T, Sargin CF. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 in epithelial ovarian tumours: correlation with DNA flow cytometric analysis. Adv. Clin. Pathol. 2001; 5; 3–9. 47 Nagai N, Osita T, Fujii T, Katsube Y, Matsubayashi S, Ohama K. Are DNA ploidy and epidermal growth factor receptor prognostic factors for untreated ovarian cancer? A prospective study. Am. J. Clin. Oncol. 2001; 24; 215–221. 48 Meyer JS, Gersell DJ, Yim S. Cell proliferation in ovarian carcinoma: superior accuracy of S-phase fraction (SPF) by DNA labelling index versus flow cytometric SPF, lack of independent prognostic power for SPF and DNA ploidy, and limited effect of SPF on tumor growth rate. Gynecol. Oncol. 2001; 81; 466–476. 49 Skirnisdotir I, Sorbe B, Karlsson M, Seidal T. Prognostic importance of DNA ploidy and p53 in early stages of epithelial ovarian cancer. Int. J. Oncol. 2001; 19; 1295–1302. 50 Diebold J, Suchy B, Baretton GB et al. DNA ploidy and MYC DNA amplification in ovarian carcinomas: correlation with p53 and bcl-2 expression, proliferative activity and prognosis. Virchows Arch. 1996; 429; 221–227. 51 McManus DT, Murphy M, Arthur K, Hamilton PW, Russell SE, Toner PG. p53 mutation, allele loss on chromosome 17p, and DNA content in ovarian carcinoma. J. Pathol. 1996; 179; 177–182. 52 Schueler JA, Cornelisse CJ, Hermans J, Trimbos JB, Van Der Burg MEL, Fleuren GJ. Prognostic factors in well-differentiated early stage epithelial ovarian cancer. Cancer 1993; 71; 787–795. 53 Padberg P-C, Arps H, Franke U et al. DNA cytophotometry and prognosis in ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy: a clinicopathological study of 80 cases. Cancer 1992; 69; 2510–2514. 54 Kaern J, Trope CG, Kristensen GB, Abeler VM, Pettersen EO. DNA ploidy: the most important prognostic factor in patients with borderline tumors of the ovary. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1993; 3; 349–358. 55 Harlow BL, Fuhr JE, McDonald TW, Schwartz SM, Beuerlein FJ, Weiss NS. Flow cytometry as a prognostic indicator in women with borderline epithelial ovarian tumors. Gynecol. Oncol. 1993; 50; 305–309. 56 Kuoppala T, Heinola M, Aine R., Isola J, Heinonen PK. Serous and mucinous borderline tumors of the ovary: a clinicopathologic and DNA-ploidy study of 102 cases. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1996; 6; 302–308. 57 Demirel D, Laucirica R, Fishman A et al. Ovarian tumors of low malignant potential: correlation of DNA index and S-phase fraction with histopathologic grade and clinical outcome. Cancer 1996; 77; 1494–1500. 58 Sykes P, Quinn M, Rome R. Ovarian tumors of borderline malignancy: a retrospective study of 234 patients. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1997; 7; 218–226. 59 Gilks CB, Alkushi A, Yue JJ, Lanvin D, Ehlen TG, Miller DM. Advanced-stage serous borderline tumors of the ovary: a clinicopathological study of 49 cases. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 2003; 22; 25–28. 60 Lai CH, Hsueh S, Chang TC et al. The role of DNA flow cytometry in borderline malignant ovarian tumors. Cancer 1996; 78; 794–802. 61 Padberg P-C, Stegner HE, Von Sengbusch S, Arps H, Schroder S. DNA cytophotometry and immunocytochemistry in ovarian tumours of borderline, malignancy and related peritoneal lesions. Virchows Arch. A Pathol. Anat. 1992; 421; 497–503. 62 Klemi PJ, Joensuu H, Tuala S. Prognostic value of flow cytometric DNA content analysis in granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. Cancer 1990; 65; 1189–1193. 63 Holland DR, Le Riche J, Swenerton KD, Elit L. Flow cytometric assessment of DNA ploidy is a useful prognostic factor for patients with granulosa cell ovarian tumors. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1991; 1; 227–232. 64 Haba R., Miki H, Kobayahi S, Ohmori M. Combined analysis of flow cytometry and morphometry of ovarian granulosa cell tumor. Cancer 1993; 72; 3258–3262. 65 Roush GR, El-Naggar AK, Abdul-Karim FW. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: a clinicopathologic and flow cytometric DNA analysis. Gynecol. Oncol. 1995; 56; 430–434. 66 Staibano S, Franco R, Mezza F et al. Loss of oestrogen receptor beta, high PCNA and p53 expression and aneuploidy as markers of worse prognosis in ovarian granulosa cell tumours. Histopathology 2003; 43; 254–262. 67 Hitchcock CL, Norris HJ, Khalifa MA, Wargotz ES. Flow cytometric analysis of granulosa cell tumors. Cancer 1989; 64; 2127–2132. 68 Chada S, Cornelius CJ, Schaberg A. Flow cytometric DNA ploidy analysis with clinical correlation. Gynecol. Oncol. 1990; 36; 240–245. 69 Suh KS, Silverberg SG, Rhame JG, Wilkinson DS. Granulosa cell tumor of the ovary: histopathologic and flow cytometric analysis with clinical correlation. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1990; 114; 496–501. 70 Swanson SA, Norris HJ, Kelsten ML, Wheeler JE. DNA content of juvenile granulosa cell tumors determined by flow cytometry. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1990; 9; 101–109. 71 Evans MP, Webb MJ, Gaffey TA, Katzmann JA, Suman VJ, Hu TC. DNA ploidy of ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Cancer 1995; 75; 2295–2298. 72 Wabersich J, Fracas M, Mazzer S, Marchetti M, Altavilla G. The value of the prognostic factors in ovarian granulosa cell tumors. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 1998; 19; 69–72. 73 Miller BE, Barron BA, Dockter ME, Delmore JE, Silva EG, Gershenson DM. Parameters of differentiation and proliferation in adult granulosa cell tumors of the ovary. Cancer Detect. Prev. 2001; 25; 48–54. 74 Oud PS, Soeters RP, Pahlplatz MMM et al. DNA cytometry of pure dysgerminomas of the ovary. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1988; 7; 258–267. 75 Baker BA, Frickey L, Yu IT et al. DNA content of ovarian immature teratomas and malignant germ cell tumors. Gynecol. Oncol. 1998; 71; 14–18. 76 Eichhorn JH, Young RH, Scully RE. DNA content and proliferative activity in ovarian small cell carcinomas of the hypercalcemic type: implications for diagnosis, prognosis and histogenesis. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1992; 98; 579–586. 77 Fukunaga M, Endo Y, Nomura K, Ushigome S. Small cell carcinoma of the ovary: a case report of large cell variant. Pathol. Int. 1997; 47; 250–255. 78 Meganck G, Moerman Ph, De Schrijver D, Berteloot P, Vergote I. A non-diploid, small cell carcinoma of the ovary of the hypercalcemic type. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1998; 8; 430–433. 79 Eichorn JH, Lawrence WD, Young RH, Scully RE. Ovarian neuroendocrine carcinomas of non-small-cell type associated with surface epithelial adenocarcinomas: a study of five cases and review of the literature. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1996; 15; 303–314. 80 Fukunaga M, Endo Y, Miyazawa Y, Ushigome S. Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the ovary. Virchows Arch. 1997; 430; 343–348. 81 Hellstrom AC, Hue J, Silfversward C, Auer G. DNA- ploidy and mutant p53 overexpression in primary fallopian tube cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1994; 4; 408–413. 82 Lindahl B, Alm P, Killander D, Langstrom E, Trope C. Flow cytometric DNA analysis of normal and cancerous human endometrium and cytological–histopathological correlations. Anticancer Res. 1987; 7; 781–789. 83 Lindahl B, Alm P, Ferno M et al. Prognostic value of flow cytometrical DNA measurements in stage I–II endometrial carcinoma: correlations with steroid receptor concentration, tumor myometrial invasion, and degree of differentiation. Anticancer Res. 1987; 7; 791–798. 84 Iversen OE, Utaaker E, Skaarland E. DNA ploidy and steroid receptors as predictors of disease course in patients with endometrial carcinoma. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 1988; 67; 531–537. 85 Rosenberg P, Wingren S, Simonsen E, Stal O, Risberg O, Nordenskjold B. Flow cytometric measurements in DNA index, and S-phase on paraffin embedded early stage endometrial carcinoma: an important prognostic indicator. Gynecol. Oncol. 1989; 35; 50–54. 86 Van Der Putten HW, Baak JPA, Koenders TJ, Kurver PH, Stolk HG, Stolte LA. Prognostic value of quantitative pathological features and DNA content in individual patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 1989; 63; 1378–1387. 87 Britton IC, Wilson TO, Gaffey TA, Cha SS, Wieand HS, Podratz KC. DNA ploidy in endometrial carcinoma: major objective prognostic factor. Mayo Clin. Proc. 1990; 65; 643–650. 88 Newbury R., Schuerch C, Godspeed N, Fanning J, Glidewell O, Evans M. DNA content as a prognostic factor in endometrial carcinoma. Obstet. Gynecol. 1990; 76; 251–257. 89 Lindahl B, Gullberg B. Flow cytometrical DNA-ploidy and clinical parameters in the prediction of prognosis in Stage I–II endometrial cancer. Anticancer Res. 1991; 11; 397–401. 90 Dyas CH, Simmons TK, Ellis CM et al. Effect of desoxyribonucleic acid ploidy status on survival of patients with carcinoma of the endometrium. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 1992; 174; 133–136. 91 Ambros RA, Kurman RJ. Identification of patients with stage I uterine endometrioid adenocarcinoma at high risk of recurrence by DNA ploidy, myometrial invasion, and vascular invasion. Gynecol. Oncol. 1992; 45; 235–239. 92 Ikeda M, Watanabe Y, Nanjoh T, Noda K. Evaluation of DNA ploidy in endometrial cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1993; 50; 25–29. 93 Melchiorri C, Chieco P, Lisignoli G, Marabini A, Orlandi C. Ploidy disturbance as an early indicator of intrinsic malignancy in endometrial carcinoma. Cancer 1993; 72; 165–172. 94 Sorbe B, Risberg B, Thornwaite J. Nuclear morphometry and DNA flow cytometry as prognostic methods for endometrial carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1994; 4; 94–100. 95 Minckwitz G, Kuhns W, Kaufmann M et al. Prognostic importance of DNA-ploidy and S-phase fraction in endometrial cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1994; 4; 250–256. 96 Susini T, Rapi S, Savino L, Boddi V, Berti P, Massi G. Prognostic value of flow cytometric deoxyribonucleic acid index in endometrial cancer: comparison with other clinical-pathologic parameters. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1995; 170; 527–534. 97 Braly P. Flow cytometry as a prognostic factor in endometrial cancer—what does it add? Gynecol. Oncol. 1995; 58; 145–147. 98 Pfisterer J, Kommoss F, Sauerbrei W et al. Prognostic value of DNA ploidy and S phase fraction in stage I endometrial carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1995; 58; 149–156. 99 Nordstrom B, Strang P, Lindgren A, Bergstrom R., Tribuukait B. Carcinoma of the endometrium: do the nuclear grade and DNA ploidy provide more prognostic information than do the FIGO and WHO classifications. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1996; 15; 191–201. 100 Zaino RJ, Davis ATL, Ohlsson-Wilhelm BM, Brunetto VL. DNA content is an independent prognostic indicator in endometrial adenocarcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1998; 17; 312–319. 101 Susini T, Rapi S, Massi D et al. Preoperative evaluation of tumor ploidy in endometrial carcinoma: an accurate tool to identify patients at risk for extrauterine disease and recurrence. Cancer 1999; 86; 1005–1012. 102 Larson DM, Berg R., Shaw G, Krawisz BR. Prognostic significance of DNA ploidy in endometrial cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999; 74; 356–360. 103 Jhala DN, Atkinson BF, Balsara GR, Hernandez E, Jhala NC. Role of DNA ploidy analysis in endometrial adenocarcinoma. Ann. Diagn. Pathol. 2001; 5; 267–273. 104 Lundgren C, Auer G, Frankendal B, Mobergers B, Nilsson B. Nuclear DNA content, proliferative activity, and p53 expression related to clinical and histopathologic features in endometrial carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2002; 12; 110–118. 105 Mangili D, De Marzi P, Vigano R et al. Identification of high risk patients with endometrial carcinoma: prognostic assessment of endometrial cancer. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2002; 23; 216–220. 106 Wimberger P, Hillemanns P, Kapsner T, Hepp H, Kimmig R. Evaluation of prognostic factors following flow cytometric after cytokeratin labelling. II. Cervical and endometrial cancer. Anal. Cell. Pathol. 2002; 24; 147–158. 107 Baak JP, Snijders W, Van Dierman B, Van Diest PJ, Diepenhorst FW, Benraadt J. Prospective multicenter validation confirms the prognostic superiority of the endometrial carcinoma prognostic index in International Federation of Gynecology and Obsterics stage 1 and 2 endometrial carcinoma. J. Clin. Oncol. 2003; 21; 4214–4221. 108 Santala M, Talvensaari-Mattila A. DNA ploidy is an independent prognostic indicator of overall survival in stage 1 endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma. Anticancer Res. 2003; 23; 5191–5196. 109 Lundgren C, Auer G, Frankendal B, Nilsson B, Nordstrom B. Prognostic factors in surgical stage 1 endometrial carcinoma. Acta Oncol. 2004; 43; 49–56. 110 Konski A, Domenico D, Tyrkus M et al. Prognostic characteristics of surgical stage 1 endometrial adeno-carcinoma. Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys. 1996; 35; 935–40. 111 Mariani A, Sebo TJ, Katzmann JA et al. Pretreatment assessment of prognostic indicators in endometrial cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 2000; 182; 1535–1544. 112 Pasini A, Corbella P, Colombo E, Redaelli L, Belloni C. Carcinoma endometriale: significato prognostico della ploidia cellulare. Minerva Ginecol. 2000; 52; 179–184. 113 Orbo A, Rydningen M, Straume B, Lysne S. Significance of morphometric, DNA cytometric features, and other prognostic markers on survival of endometrial cancer patients in northern Norway. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2002; 12; 49–56. 114 Mariani A, Sebo TJ, Webb MJ et al. Molecular and histopathologic predictors of distant failure in endometrial cancer. Cancer Detect. Prev. 2003; 27; 434–441. 115 Sorbe B, Risberg B. Prognostic importance of the nuclear proteins p53 and Rb in conjunction with DNA, nuclear morphometry and grading in endometrial carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1997; 7; 34–41. 116 Heinonen PK, Isola J, Kuoppala T. Immunohistochemical determination of estrogen and progesterone receptors and DNA flow cytometry in endometrial cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1994; 4; 169–173. 117 Nola M, Babic D, Ilic S et al. Prognostic parameters for survival in patients with mesenchymal tumors of the uterus. Cancer 1996; 78; 2543–2550. 118 Nordal RR, Kristensen GB, Kaern J, Stenwic AE, Pettersen EO, Trope CG. The prognostic significance of surgery, tumor size, malignancy grade, menopausal status, and DNA ploidy in endometrial stromal sarcoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1996; 62; 254–259. 119 Blom R., Malmstrom H, Guerrieri C. Endometrial stromal sarcoma of the uterus: a clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, p53, and mdm-2 analysis of 17 cases. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1999; 9; 98–104. 120 Kerner H, Levy R, Friedman M, Beck D. Uterine and extrauterine Mullerian adenosarcoma: a histopathologic and flow cytometric study. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1997; 7; 318–324. 121 Blom R, Guerrieri C, Stal O, Malmstrom H, Sullivan S, Simonsen E. Malignant mixed Mullerian tumors of the uterus: a clinicopthologic, DNA flow cytometric, p53, and mdm-2 analysis of 44 cases. Gynecol. Oncol. 1998; 68; 18–24. 122 Blom R, Guerrieri C, Stal O, Malmstrom H, Simonsen E. Leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: a clinicopathologic, DNA flow cytometric, p53, and mdm-2 analysis of 49 cases. Gynecol. Oncol. 1998; 68; 54–61. 123 Grote HJ, Friedrichs N, Pomjanski N, Guhde HF, Reich O, Bocking A. Prognostic significance of DNA cytometry in carcinoma of the uterine cervix FIGO stage IB and II. Anal. Cell. Pathol. 2001; 23; 97–105. 124 Reich O, Purstner P, Klaritsch P et al. Prognostic significance of preoperative DNA flow cytometry in surgically-treated cervical cancer. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2003; 24; 13–17. 125 Wilailak S, Rochanawutanon M, Srisupundit S, Aumkhyan A, Pattanapanyasat K. Flow cytometric analysis of DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction in Stage IIIB cervical carcinoma. Eur. J. Gynaecol. Oncol. 2004; 25; 428–430. 126 Davis JR, Aristizabal S, Way DL, Weines SA, Hicks MJ, Hagaman RM. DNA ploidy, grade, and stage in prognosis of uterine cervical cancer. Gynecol. Oncol. 1989; 32; 4–7. 127 Leminen A, Paavonen J, Vesterinen E et al. Deoxyribonucleic acid cytometric analysis of cervical adenocarcinoma: prognostic significance of deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy and S-phase fraction. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1990; 162; 848–853. 128 Kenter GG, Cornelisse CJ, Aartsen EJ et al. DNA ploidy level as prognostic factor in low stage carcinoma the uterine cervix. Gynecol. Oncol. 1990; 39; 181–185. 129 Ji HX, Syrjanen S, Klemi P, Chang F, Tosi P, Syrjanen K. Prognostic significance of human papillomavirus (HPV) type and nuclear DNA content in invasive cervical cancer. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1991; 1; 59–67. 130 Strang P, Stendhal U, Bergstrom R, Frankendal B, Tribuait R. Prognostic flow cytometric information in cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of 307 patients. Gynecol. Oncol. 1991; 43; 3–8. 131 Zanetta GM, Katzmann JA, Keeney GL, Kinney WK, Cha SS, Podratz KC. Flow-cytometric DNA analysis of stages IB and IIA cervical carcinoma. Gynecol. Oncol. 1992; 46; 13–19. 132 Jarrell MA, Heintz N, Howard P et al. Squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix: HPV 16 and DNA ploidy as predictors of survival. Gynecol. Oncol. 1992; 46; 361–366. 133 Connor JP, Miller DS, Bauer KD, Murad TM, Rademaker AW, Lurain JR. Flow cytometric evaluation of early invasive cervical cancer. Obstet. Gynecol. 1993; 81; 367–371. 134 Jelin I, Valente PT, Gautreaux C, Clark GM. Desoxyribonucleic acid ploidy and S-phase fraction are not significant prognostic factors for patients with cervical cancer. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1994; 171; 1511–1516. 135 Kristensen GB, Kaern J, Abeler VM, Hagmar B, Trop CG, Pettersen FO. No prognostic impact of flow cytometric measured DNA ploidy and S-phase fraction in cancer of the uterine cervix: a prospective study of 465 patients. Gynecol. Oncol. 1995; 57; 79–85. 136 Pfisterer J, Kommoss F, Sauerbrei W et al. DNA flow cytometry in stage IB and II cervical carcinoma. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1996; 6; 54–60. 137 Kaspar HG, Dinh TV, Hanningan EV. Flow cytometry in cervical adenocarcinoma: correlating DNA content with clinical picture. J. Reprod. Med. 1997; 42; 170–172. 138 Tsang RW, Wong CS, Fyles AW et al. Tumour proliferation and apoptosis in human uterine cervix carcinoma. II. Correlations with clinical outcome. Radiother. Oncol. 1999; 50; 93–101. 139 Magtibay PM, Perrone JF, Stanhope R, Katzmann JA, Keeney GL, Li H. Flow cytometric analysis of early stage adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Gynecol. Oncol. 1999; 75; 242–247. 140 Graflund M, Sorbe B, Bryne M, Karlsson M. The prognostic value of a histologic grading system, DNA profile, and MIB-1 expression in early stages of cervical squamous cell carcinomas. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 2002; 12; 149–157. 141 Tsang RW, Juvet S, Pinntilie M et al. Pretreatment proliferation parameters do not add predictive power to clinical factors in cervical cancer treated with definitive radiation therapy. Clin. Cancer Res. 2003; 9; 4387–4395. 142 Anton M, Nenutil R, Rejhar A, Kopecny J, Ptackova B, Zaloudik J. DNA flow cytometry: a predictor of a high-risk group in cervical cancer. Cancer Detect. Prev. 1997; 21; 242–246. 143 Gasinska A, Urbanski K, Jakubowicz J, Klimek M, Biesaga B, Wilson GD. Tumour cell kinetics as a prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy. Radiother. Oncol. 1999; 50; 77–84. 144 Lai CH, Hsueh S, Chang TC et al. Prognostic factors in patients with bulky stage IB or IIA cervical carcinoma undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy. Gynecol. Oncol. 1997; 64; 456–462. 145 Hering B, Horn CC, Menning H, Kuhndel K. Predictive value of DNA cytometry in CIN I and II: image analysis of 193 cases. Anal. Quant. Cytol. Histol. 2000; 22; 333–337. 146 Shirata NK, Zerbini MC, Filho A et al. DNA ploidy in cervical lesions assessed by computed image analysis: relation to histopathology. Pathologica 2003; 95; 88–91. 147 Punnonen R, Kallioniemi OP, Mattila J, Vayrynen M, Koivula T. Primary invasive and in situ vaginal carcinoma: flow cytometric analysis of DNA aneuploidy and cell proliferation from archival paraffin-embedded tissue. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol. 1989; 32; 247–251. 148 Kaern J, Iversen T, Trope C, Pettersen EO, Nesland JM. Flow cytometric DNA measurements in squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva: an important prognostic method. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1992; 2; 169–174. 149 Ballouk F, Ambros RA, Malfetano JH, Ross JS. Evaluation of prognostic indicators in squamous carcinoma of the vulva including nuclear DNA content. Mod. Pathol. 1993; 6; 371–375. 150 Dolan JR, McCall AR, Gooneratne S, Walter S, Lansky DM. DNA ploidy, proliferation index, grade, and stage as prognostic factors for vulvar squamous cell carcinomas. Gynecol. Oncol. 1993; 48; 232–235. 151 Drew PA, Al-abbadi MA, Orlando CA, Hendricks JB, Kubilis PS, Wilkinson EJ. Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the vulva: a clinicopathologic and DNA flow cytometric study. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1996; 15; 235–241. 152 Lerma E, Matias-Guiu X, Lee SJ, Prat J. Squamouus cell carcinoma of the vulva: study of ploidy, HPV, and pRb. Int. J. Gynecol. Pathol. 1999; 18; 191–197. 153 Scurry J, Hung J, Flowers L, Kneafsays P, Gazdar A. Ploidy in human papillomavirus positive and negative squamous cell carcinomas and adjacent skin lesions. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1999; 9; 187–193. 154 Hemming JD, Quirke P, Womack C, Wells M, Elston CE. Diagnosis of molar pregnancy and persistent trophoblastic disease by flow cytometry. J. Clin. Pathol. 1987; 40; 615–620. 155 Lage JM, Mark SD, Roberts DJ, Goldstein DP, Bernstein MR, Berkowitz RS. A flow cytometric study of 137 fresh hydropic placentas: correlation between types of hydatidiform moles and nuclear DNA ploidy. Obstet. Gynecol. 1992; 79; 403–410. 156 Lage JM, Popek EJ. The role of DNA flow cytometry in evaluation of partial and complete hydatidiform moles and hydropic abortions. Semin. Diagn. Pathol. 1993; 10; 267–274. 157 Fukunaga M, Ushigome S, Fukunaga M, Sugishita M. Application of flow cytometry in diagnosis of hydatidiform moles. Mod. Pathol. 1993; 6; 353–359. 158 Topalovsky M, Hankin RC, Michael C, Hunter SV, Edwards AM, Chen JC. Ploidy analysis of products of conception by image and flow cytometry with cytogenetic correlation. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 1995; 103; 409–414. 159 Lage JM, Bagg A. Hydatidiform moles: DNA flow cytometry, image analysis and selected topics in molecular biology. Histopathology 1996; 28; 379–382. 160 Berezowsky J, Zbieranowski I, Demers J, Murray D. DNA ploidy of hydatidiform moles and nonmolar conceptuses: a study using flow and tissue section image cytometry. Mod. Pathol. 1995; 8; 775–781. 161 Paradinas FJ, Browne P, Fisher RA, Foskett M, Bagshawe KD, Newlands E. A clinical, histological and flow cytometric study of 149 complete moles, 146 partial moles and 107 non-molar hydropic abortions. Histopathology 1996; 28; 101–109. 162 Gschwendtner A, Neher A, Kreczy A, Muller-Holzner E, Volgger B, Mairinger T. DNA ploidy of early molar pregnancies by image analysis: comparison to histologic classification. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 1998; 122; 1000–1004. 163 Fukunaga M. Early partial hydatidiform mole: prevelance, histopathology, DNA ploidy, and persistence rate. Virchows Arch. 2000; 437; 180–184. 164 Crisp H, Burton JL, Stewart R, Wells M. Refining the diagnosis of hydatidiform mole: image ploidy analysis and p57KIP2 immunohistochemistry. Histopathology 2003; 43; 363–373. 165 Hemming JD, Quirke P, Womack C, Wells M, Elston CE, Pennington GW. Flow cytometry in persistent trophoblastic disease. Placenta 1988; 9; 615–621. 166 Van De Kaa CA, Schjf CP, De Wilde PC et al. Persistent getational trophoblastic disease: DNA image cytometry and interphase cytogenetics have limited predictive value. Mod. Pathol. 1996; 9; 1007–1014. 167 Fukunaga M. Flow cytometric and clinicopathologic study of complete hydatidiform mole with special reference to the significance of cytometric aneuploidy. Gynecol Oncol 2001; 81; 67–70. 168 How J, Scurry J, Grant P et al. Placental site trophoblastic tumor: report of three cases and review of the literature. Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer 1995; 5; 241–249. Citing Literature Volume46, Issue2February 2005Pages 121-129 ReferencesRelatedInformation