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Friedel-Crafts Synthesis of Benzophenone with Little Lewis Acid Catalyst. Factorial Design and Mechanism

1985; Wiley; Volume: 94; Issue: 11-12 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/bscb.19850941117

0037-9646

Jean‐François Scuotto, Didier Mathieu, R. Gallo, R. Phan‐Tan‐Luu, Jacques Metzger, M. Desbois,

Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis

Abstract A series of benzene derivatives C 6 H 5 R with R ranging from the two extremes of the σ + scale of H.C. Brown has been acylated with little FeCl 3 catalyst at reflux temperature. Under these conditions the reaction is limited to activated substrates: with benzene and deactivated aromatics the yield is below 10%. A fractional factorial design is carried out with 5 parameters: temperature, % catalyst, time, ratio aromatic/acylation reagent and nature of catalyst in the case of acylation of benzene by benzoyl chloride with a Lewis acid catalyst (AlCl 3 or FeCl 3 ). The multivariate analysis shows that the important factors are: temperature, nature and ratio of catalysts; and also that the interaction % of catalyst‐nature of catalyst and temperature‐nature of catalyst are determinant. Acylation of benzene (and deactivated aromatics) with little Lewis acid catalyst will give acceptable yields if both a moderately active catalyst (FeCl 3 , ZnCl 2 ) and a high temperature of reaction are used.