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Cloud Point Extraction as a Procedure of Separation and Pre‐Concentration for Metal Determination Using Spectroanalytical Techniques: A Review

2005; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 40; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/05704920500230880

1520-569X

Marcos Almeida Bezerra, Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda, Sérgio L.C. Ferreira,

Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography

Abstract Cloud point extraction is a separation and preconcentration procedure that has been extensively applied for trace metal determination in several different matrices. Its major advantages are simple experimental procedures, low cost, high preconcentration factors, and environmental safety. These aspects include it in a set of analytical methods in agreement with the "green chemistry" principles. The surfactants characteristics and the process of micelle formation are outlined for a better understanding of the technique. After general considerations about the cloud point extraction basis and its extraction mechanism for metal chelates are considered, selected spectroanalytical techniques and their application for analysis of the micellar phase are discussed. The micellar extraction in metal speciation analysis, the on‐line incorporation of cloud point extraction to flow injection analysis, and coupling with capillary electrophoresis are described. Keywords: Cloud point extractionmetal trace analysisspectroanalytical techniques Acknowledgement The authors are grateful for CNPq, CT‐PETRO, CAPES, and FAPESB for financial support and fellowship, and Professor Carol H. Collins and Dr. J. Sneddon for language assistance.