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Effects of chronic 2,4,6,-trinitrotoluene, 2,4-dinitrotoluene, and 2,6-dinitrotoluene exposure on developing bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles

2011; Elsevier BV; Volume: 74; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2010.12.016

1090-2414

Norka E. Paden, Ernest E. Smith, Jonathan D. Maul, Ronald J. Kendall,

Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

Chronic aqueous exposures were conducted using bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles (8 d old) exposed to TNT (0–4 mg/L), 2,4-DNT (0–4 mg/L), and 2,6-DNT (0–8 mg/L) for 90 d. Survival of tadpoles examined using Cox proportional hazard models was reduced at all concentrations tested. Percent of abnormal swimming and other morphological abnormalities after sublethal exposure to TNT, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT at 2 mg/L were also evaluated. The effects of TNT, 2,4-DNT, and 2,6-DNT on wet body mass, snout vent length (SVL), and developmental stage of surviving tadpoles were examined. Only 2,4-DNT did not have a significant effect on body mass or SVL, but all three compounds tested had significant effects on survival. Long-term continuous exposure to these compounds at concentrations of 0.25 mg/L could lead to significant changes in growth and survival of larval amphibians.