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Human platelet alloantigens

2003; Elsevier BV; Volume: 28; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s1473-0502(03)00040-5

1878-1683

Sentot Santoso,

Blood disorders and treatments

Antibodies against platelet alloantigens play an important role in immune-mediated platelet disorders. There are essentially three clinical conditions are caused by platelet alloantibodies: Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAIT), posttransfusion purpura (PTP) and platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) [ [1] Mueller-Eckhardt C. Kiefel V. Grubert A. Kroll H. Weisheit M. Schmidt S. et al. 348 cases of suspected neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Lancet. 1989; i: 363-366 Abstract Scopus (556) Google Scholar ]. In the past two decades considerable progress has been made in the characterization of platelet alloantigens. The use of serological antigen capture assays such as the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens [ [2] Kiefel V. Santoso S. Weisheit M. Mueller-Eckhardt C. Monoclonal antibody-specific immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA): a new tool for the identification of platelet reactive antibodies. Blood. 1987; 70: 1722-1726 Crossref PubMed Google Scholar ] and immunochemical methods led to rapid increase in the number of newly recognized platelet alloantigens. The isolation of cDNA encoding for platelet membrane glycoproteins, the introduction of PCR technology for amplification of platelet-specific mRNA [ [3] Newman P.J. Gorski J. White G.C.I.I. Gidwitz S. Cretney C.J. Aster R.H. Enzymatic amplification of platelet-specific messenger RNA using the polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Invest. 1988; 82: 739-743 Crossref PubMed Scopus (143) Google Scholar ] made the characterization of platelet alloantigens possible at the molecular level [ 4 Newman P.J. Derbes R.S. Aster R.H. The human platelet alloantigens, PlA1 and PlA2, are associated with a leucine33/proline33 amino acid polymorphism in membrane glycoprotein IIIa, and are distinguishable by DNA typing. J Clin Invest. 1989; 83: 1778-1781 Crossref PubMed Scopus (460) Google Scholar , 5 Santoso S. Kiefel V. Human platelet-specific alloantigens: Update. Vox Sang. 1998; 74: 249-253 Crossref PubMed Scopus (66) Google Scholar ]. Based on the molecular genetic basis of platelet alloantigens new techniques for typing of platelet alloantigens and antibody detection could be developed [ [6] Kroll H. Kiefel V. Santoso S. Clinical aspects and typing of platelet alloantigens. Vox Sang. 1998; 74: 345-354 Crossref PubMed Scopus (87) Google Scholar ].