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Aluminum in corn plants: influence on growth and morpho-anatomy of root and leaf

2013; Sociedade Brasileira de Ciência do Solo; Volume: 37; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1590/s0100-06832013000100018

1806-9657

Michelli Fernandes Batista, Ismar Sebastião Moscheta, Carlos Moacir Bonato, Marcelo Augusto Batista, Odair José Garcia de Almeida, Tadeu Takeyoshi Inoue,

Clay minerals and soil interactions

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most limiting factors for productivity. This research was carried out to assess the influence of Al nutrient solution on plant height, dry weight and morphoanatomical alterations in corn (Zea mays L.) roots and leaves. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with five treatments consisting of Al doses (0, 25, 75, 150, and 300 µmol L-1) and six replications. The solutions were constantly aerated, and the pH was initially adjusted to 4.3. The shoot dry matter, root dry matter and plant height decreased significantly with increasing Al concentrations. Compared to the control plants, it was observed that the root growth of corn plants in Al solutions was inhibited, there were fewer lateral roots and the development of the root system reduced. The leaf anatomy of plants grown in solutions containing 75 and 300 µmol L-1 Al differed in few aspects from the control plants. The leaf sheaths of the plants exposed to Al had a uniseriate epidermis coated with a thin cuticle layer, and the cells of both the epidermis and the cortex were less developed. In the vascular bundle, the metaxylem and protoxylem had no secondary walls, and the diameter of both was much smaller than of the control plants.