Agriculture's Contribution to Nitrate Contamination of Californian Groundwater (1945-2005)
2014; Wiley; Volume: 43; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.2134/jeq2013.10.0411
ISSN1537-2537
AutoresTodd S. Rosenstock, Daniel Liptzin, K. Dzurella, Anna Fryjoff-Hung, Allan D. Hollander, Vivian B. Jensen, Aaron A. King, George Kourakos, Alison McNally, G. Stuart Pettygrove, J. M. Quinn, Joshua H. Viers, Thomas P. Tomich, Thomas Harter,
Tópico(s)Hydrology and Watershed Management Studies
ResumoJournal of Environmental QualityVolume 43, Issue 3 p. 895-907 Groundwater Quality Agriculture's Contribution to Nitrate Contamination of Californian Groundwater (1945–2005) Todd S. Rosenstock, Todd S. Rosenstock Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Liptzin, Daniel Liptzin Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616 INSTAAR, CU–Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309Search for more papers by this authorKristin Dzurella, Kristin Dzurella Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAnna Fryjoff-Hung, Anna Fryjoff-Hung Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAllan Hollander, Allan Hollander Information Center for the Environment, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorVivian Jensen, Vivian Jensen Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAaron King, Aaron King Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorGeorge Kourakos, George Kourakos Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAlison McNally, Alison McNally Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorG. Stuart Pettygrove, G. Stuart Pettygrove Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorJim Quinn, Jim Quinn Information Center for the Environment, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorJoshua H. Viers, Joshua H. Viers School of Engineering, Univ. of California–Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343Search for more papers by this authorThomas P. Tomich, Thomas P. Tomich Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorThomas Harter, Corresponding Author Thomas Harter [email protected] Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616 Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this author Todd S. Rosenstock, Todd S. Rosenstock Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorDaniel Liptzin, Daniel Liptzin Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616 INSTAAR, CU–Boulder, 450 UCB, Boulder, CO, 80309Search for more papers by this authorKristin Dzurella, Kristin Dzurella Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAnna Fryjoff-Hung, Anna Fryjoff-Hung Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAllan Hollander, Allan Hollander Information Center for the Environment, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorVivian Jensen, Vivian Jensen Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAaron King, Aaron King Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorGeorge Kourakos, George Kourakos Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorAlison McNally, Alison McNally Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorG. Stuart Pettygrove, G. Stuart Pettygrove Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorJim Quinn, Jim Quinn Information Center for the Environment, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorJoshua H. Viers, Joshua H. Viers School of Engineering, Univ. of California–Merced, 5200 N. Lake Rd., Merced, CA, 95343Search for more papers by this authorThomas P. Tomich, Thomas P. Tomich Agricultural Sustainability Institute, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Search for more papers by this authorThomas Harter, Corresponding Author Thomas Harter [email protected] Dept. of Land, Air, and Water Resources, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616 Center for Watershed Sciences, Univ. of California–Davis, One Shields Ave., Davis, CA, 95616Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2014 https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2013.10.0411Citations: 49 Assigned to Associate Editor Nathan Nelson All rights reserved. No part of this periodical may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Nitrogen (N) use in intensive agriculture can degrade groundwater resources. However, considerable time lags between groundwater recharge and extraction complicate source attribution and remedial responses. We construct a historic N mass balance of two agricultural regions of California to understand trends and drivers of past and present N loading to groundwater (1945–2005). Changes in groundwater N loading result from historic changes in three factors: the extent of agriculture (cropland area and livestock herd increased 120 and 800%, respectively), the intensity of agriculture (synthetic and manure waste effluent N input rates increased by 525 and 1500%, respectively), and the efficiency of agriculture (crop and milk production per unit of N input increased by 25 and 19%, respectively). The net consequence has been a greater-than-order-of-magnitude increase in nitrate (NO3−) loading over the time period, with 163 Gg N yr−1 now being leached to groundwater from approximately 1.3 million ha of farmland (not including alfalfa [Medicago sativa L.]). Meeting safe drinking water standards would require NO3− leaching reductions of over 70% from current levels through reductions in excess manure applications, which accounts for nearly half of all groundwater N loading, and through synthetic N management improvements. 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