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A Review of the Magnetic Relaxation and Its Application to the Study of Atomic Defects in ?-Iron and Its Diluted Alloys

2000; Wiley; Volume: 181; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/1521-396x(200010)181

1521-396X

H. J. Blythe, H. Kronm�ller, A. Seeger, F. Walz,

Magnetic Properties and Applications

physica status solidi (a)Volume 181, Issue 2 p. 233-345 Review Article A Review of the Magnetic Relaxation and Its Application to the Study of Atomic Defects in α-Iron and Its Diluted Alloys H.J. Blythe, H.J. Blythe Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University, Sheffield, UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. Kronmüller, H. Kronmüller Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Seeger, A. Seeger Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorF. Walz, F. Walz Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this author H.J. Blythe, H.J. Blythe Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University, Sheffield, UKSearch for more papers by this authorH. Kronmüller, H. Kronmüller Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorA. Seeger, A. Seeger Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorF. Walz, F. Walz Max-Planck-Institut für Metallforschung, Stuttgart, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 26 October 2000 https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-396X(200010)181:2 3.0.CO;2-8Citations: 41AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstracten This review presents a comprehensive survey on intensive studies performed during the last decades on point defect reactions on α-iron (α-Fe) and its diluted alloys. Our intention is to give an actual account of the knowledge accumulated on this subject, as it has been obtained predominantly by means of the magnetic after-effect (MAE) spectroscopy. After a concise introduction into the theoretical and experimental fundamentals of this technique, the main concern is focused on the presentation and detailed discussion of the MAE spectra arising — after low-temperature electron (e–)- or neutron(n)-irradiation and subsequent annealing — in: (i) high-purity α-Fe and α-Fe doped with (ii) substitutional solutes (like Ni, V, Al, Cu, Ti, Be, Si, Mn, …) or (iii) interstitial solutes (like O, H, C, N). During the course of systematic annealing treatments, these respective spectra undergo dramatic variations at specific temperatures thereby revealing in great detail the underlying intrinsic reactions of the radiation-induced defects, i.e., reorientation, migration, clustering, dissolution and finally annihilation. In alloyed Fe systems the corresponding reaction sequences are even multiplied due to additional interactions between defects and solute atoms. Most valuable information concerning formation-, dissociation- and binding enthalpies of small, mixed clusters (of the type CiVk, NiVk; i, k ≥ 1) has been obtained in high-purity α-Fe base material which, after charging with C or N, had been e–-irradiated. Concerning the basic recovery mechanisms in α-Fe, two complementary results are obtained from the analysis of the various systems: (i) in high-purity and substitutionally alloyed α-Fe the recovery in Stage-III (200 K) is governed by a three-dimensionally migrating (HMI = 0.56 eV) stable interstitial (dumb-bell); (ii) following the formation and dissociation kinetics of small clusters (C1Vk, N1Vk) in interstitially alloyed α-Fe the migration enthalpy of the monovacancy must hold the following relation HMN (0.76 eV) < HMC (0.84 eV) < HMV1. These results are in clear agreement with the so-called two-interstitial model (2IM) in α-Fe – a conclusion being further substantiated by a systematic comparison with the results obtained from nonrelaxational techniques, like i.e. positron annihilation (PA), which by their authors are preferentially interpreted in terms of the one-interstitial model (1IM). Abstractde Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen umfassenden Überlick über die während der letzten Jahrzehnte durchgeführten, eingehenden Untersuchungen der Punktfehler-Eigenschaften in α-Eisen (α-Fe) und verdünnten Fe-Legierungen. Demgemäß ist diese Zusammenfassung gedacht als ein dem gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand entsprechender Rechenschaftsbericht über die auf diesem Gebiet, hauptsächlich mit Hilfe der magnetischen Nachwirkungs (MNW) — Spektroskopie, gewonnenen, tiefreichenden Einsichten in diesen Problemkreis. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die theoretischen und experimentellen Grundlagen dieser Technik gilt das Augenmerk der Darstellung und eingehenden Erörterung der — nach Tieftemperatur-Elektron(e–)- oder -Neutronen(n)-Bestrahlung und anschließender Erholung — beobachteten MNW-Spektren in (i) hochreinem α-Fe und α-Fe, das entweder mit (ii) substitutionellen (Ni, V, Al, Cu, Ti, Be, Si, Mn, …) oder (iii) interstitiellen (O, H, C, N) Fremdatomen beladen wurde. Während der thermischen Erholung erfahren die Spektren an bestimmten Temperaturen charakteristische Veränderungen, die weitreichende Rückschlüsse über die jeweils zugrundeliegenden Reaktionen der bestrahlungsinduzierten Gitterfehler ermöglichen, wie z. B.: Umorientierung, Wanderung, Bildung und Auflösung von Komplexen und schließliche Annihilation mit Anti-Defekten. In Fremdatom-beladenem α-Fe treten entsprechende Reaktionen — infolge Wechselwirkung zwischen intrinsischen Gitterfehlern und Fremdatomen — in verstärktem Umfang auf. Wertvolle Kenntnisse über die Enthalpien der Bildung, Auflösung und Bindung kleiner, gemischter Komplexe (der Art CiVk, NiVk; i, k ≥ 1) wurden an hochreinem, gezielt mit C und N beladenem α-Fe nach Tieftemperatur-Elektronenbestrahlung gewonnen. Hinsichtlich des grundlegenden Erholungsverhaltens in α-Fe wurden zwei entscheidende Ergebnisse erzielt: (i) in hochreinem, sowie mit substitutionellen Fremdatomen beladenem α-Fe erfolgt die Erholung in Stufe III (200 K) durch dreidimensionale Wanderung eines stabilen, intrinsischen Zwischengitteratoms (Hantel); (ii) Die Analyse der Bildungs- und Wieder-Auflösungskinetik kleiner Komplexe (C1Vk, N1Vk) in interstitiell beladenem α-Fe ergibt, daß die Wanderungsenthalpie der Einfachleerstelle folgender Bedingungen genügen muß: HMN (0.76 eV) < HMC (0.84 eV) < HMV1. Diese Ergebnisse stehen in vollkommener Übereinstimmung mit dem sogenannten Zwei-Zwischengitteratom-Modell in α-Fe — eine Feststellung, die noch weiter erhärtet wird durch die Gegenüberstellung der mit Nicht-Relaxationsverfahren, z. B. der Positronenannihilation, gewonnenen Ergebnisse, die jedoch von den jeweiligen Autoren vorzugsweise im Rahmen des Ein-Zwischengitteratom-Modells gedeutet werden. References [1] A. Seeger, Proc. 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