Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Screening for Prostate Cancer in High Risk Populations

2002; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; Volume: 168; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/s0022-5347(05)64276-0

1527-3792

William J. Catàlona, Jo Ann V. Antenor, Kimberly A. Roehl,

Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Original Articles1 Nov 2002Screening for Prostate Cancer in High Risk Populations WILLIAM J. CATALONA, JO ANN V. ANTENOR, and KIMBERLY A. ROEHL WILLIAM J. CATALONAWILLIAM J. CATALONA Financial interest and/or other relationship with Hybritech-Beckman and Monsanto Pharmacia. More articles by this author , JO ANN V. ANTENORJO ANN V. ANTENOR More articles by this author , and KIMBERLY A. ROEHLKIMBERLY A. ROEHL More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)64276-0AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Abstract Purpose: Black men and men with a family history of prostate cancer are at higher risk for this disease and may have an earlier age of onset. Consequently, screening at a younger age has been recommended for high risk men, however, there are limited data on actual screening results in young, high risk populations. Materials and Methods: In men 50 years old or older we compared screening results in 1,224 black men, 1,227 men with a positive family history and 63 men who were both with those of 15,964 nonblack men with no known family history. In high risk men in their forties we also evaluated the percent with abnormal screening tests, the positive predictive value of screening tests, cancer detection rates and the prognostic features of tumors detected. Results: In men 50 years old or older prostate cancer detection rates were 6.4% for controls compared with 10.3%, 10.5% and 17.5%, respectively, for the high risk groups. Among high risk men screened in their forties 8% had suspicious screening tests and approximately 55% who underwent a biopsy had cancer detected. Of tumors detected 80% were organ confined and all but 1 were of moderate Gleason grade 5 years old or older. Only 1 tumor (7%) fulfilled the published criteria for a possibly harmless cancer. Conclusions: Black men and men with a family history of prostate cancer are at a 75% to 80% higher risk for prostate cancer. On initial screening of high risk men in their fourth decade only 8% have positive screening tests; however, approximately 55% of these men have tumors, most of which are medically important with favorable prognostic features. References 1 : Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin2002; 52: 23. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 2 : SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1973–1998. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute. Available from http://seer.cancer.gov/Publications/CSR1973_1998/. Accessed 2001. Google Scholar 3 : Use of lower prostate specific antigen cutoffs for prostate cancer screening in black and white men. J Urol1998; 160: 1734. Link, Google Scholar 4 : African American men and hereditary/familial prostate cancer: intermediate-risk populations for chemoprevention trials. Urology2001; 57: 178. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 5 : Family history and the risk of prostate cancer. Prostate1990; 17: 337. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 6 : Characteristics of prostate cancer in families potentially linked to the hereditary prostate cancer 1 (HPC1) locus. JAMA1997; 278: 1251. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 7 : Re: biological aggressiveness of hereditary prostate cancer: long-term evaluation following radical prostatectomy. J Urol1999; 161: 1585. Link, Google Scholar 8 : Genomewide scan for prostate cancer-aggressiveness loci. Am J Hum Genet2000; 67: 92. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 9 : American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of prostate cancer. CA Cancer J Clin2002; 52: 8. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 10 Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) best practice policy. American Urological Association (AUA). Oncology2000; 14: 267. Medline, Google Scholar 11 : The early detection of prostate carcinoma with prostate specific antigen: the Washington University experience. Cancer1997; 80: 1852. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 12 : Reference ranges for serum prostate-specific antigen in black and white men without cancer. Urology1998; 52: 967. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 13 : Racial differences in operating characteristics of prostate cancer screening tests. J Urol1997; 158: 1861. Link, Google Scholar 14 : Familial aspects of prostate cancer: a case control study. J Urol1995; 154: 2100. Link, Google Scholar 15 : Detection of organ-confined prostate cancer is increased through prostate-specific antigen-based screening. JAMA1993; 270: 948. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 16 : Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. N Engl J Med1991; 324: 1156. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 17 : Non-palpable stage T1c prostate cancer: prediction of insignificant disease using free/total prostate specific antigen levels and needle biopsy findings. J Urol1998; 160: 2407. Link, Google Scholar 18 : Rationale for earlier and less frequent prostate cancer screening. Urology2001; 58: 639. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar From the Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited by Morris K, Kotamarti S, Polascik T and Moul J (2023) Re-thinking How We Use Prostate Health Index for African American MenUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2022.12.057, Online publication date: 1-Feb-2023. Darré T, Djiwa T, Kpatcha T, Padja E, Napo-Koura G and DARRE T (2022) Prostate cancers in men under the age of 50: about a series in Togo, Sub-Saharan AfricaBMC Cancer, 10.1186/s12885-022-10425-6, VOL. 22, NO. 1 Mirzaei-Alavijeh M, Jalilian F, Solaimanizadeh L, Saadatfar A, Khashij S, Pirouzeh R and Solaimanizadeh F (2020) Prostate specific antigen test uptake: a cross sectional study on elderly men in Western IranBMC Geriatrics, 10.1186/s12877-020-01710-9, VOL. 20, NO. 1, Online publication date: 1-Dec-2020. Rasmussen V, Forbes Shepherd R, Forrest L, James P and Young M (2019) Men's experiences of recontact about a potential increased risk of prostate cancer due to Lynch Syndrome: “Just another straw on the stack”Journal of Genetic Counseling, 10.1002/jgc4.1110 Bancroft E, Saya S, Page E, Myhill K, Thomas S, Pope J, Chamberlain A, Hart R, Glover W, Cook J, Rosario D, Helfand B, Hutten Selkirk C, Davidson R, Longmuir M, Eccles D, Gadea N, Brewer C, Barwell J, Salinas M, Greenhalgh L, Tischkowitz M, Henderson A, Evans D, Buys S, Eeles R and Aaronson N (2018) Psychosocial impact of undergoing prostate cancer screening for men with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations BJU International, 10.1111/bju.14412, VOL. 123, NO. 2, (284-292), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2019. Fleisher L, Davis S, Gross L, Bagden L, Zakrzewski D, González E, Kandadai V, Rusten C, Baskett J, Obeid E and Giri V (2015) Lessons Learned from Implementing a Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program for Underserved High-Risk Men in the Community: the Prostate REACH ProjectJournal of Cancer Education, 10.1007/s13187-015-0854-8, VOL. 31, NO. 1, (191-197), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016. Fall B, Ze ondo C, Sarr A, Ouedraogo B, Sow Y, Thiam A, Diallo Y, Diao B, Ahmed Fall P, Khassim Ndoye A, Ba M and Assane Diagne B (2015) Détection précoce du cancer de la prostate chez des apparentés de premier degré au SénégalAfrican Journal of Urology, 10.1016/j.afju.2015.08.002, VOL. 21, NO. 4, (225-229), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2015. Bancroft E, Castro E, Ardern-Jones A, Moynihan C, Page E, Taylor N, Eeles R, Rowley E and Cox K (2014) “It’s all very well reading the letters in the genome, but it’s a long way to being able to write”: Men’s interpretations of undergoing genetic profiling to determine future risk of prostate cancerFamilial Cancer, 10.1007/s10689-014-9734-3, VOL. 13, NO. 4, (625-635), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2014. Bancroft E, Page E, Castro E, Lilja H, Vickers A, Sjoberg D, Assel M, Foster C, Mitchell G, Drew K, Mæhle L, Axcrona K, Evans D, Bulman B, Eccles D, McBride D, van Asperen C, Vasen H, Kiemeney L, Ringelberg J, Cybulski C, Wokolorczyk D, Selkirk C, Hulick P, Bojesen A, Skytte A, Lam J, Taylor L, Oldenburg R, Cremers R, Verhaegh G, van Zelst-Stams W, Oosterwijk J, Blanco I, Salinas M, Cook J, Rosario D, Buys S, Conner T, Ausems M, Ong K, Hoffman J, Domchek S, Powers J, Teixeira M, Maia S, Foulkes W, Taherian N, Ruijs M, den Enden A, Izatt L, Davidson R, Adank M, Walker L, Schmutzler R, Tucker K, Kirk J, Hodgson S, Harris M, Douglas F, Lindeman G, Zgajnar J, Tischkowitz M, Clowes V, Susman R, Ramón y Cajal T, Patcher N, Gadea N, Spigelman A, van Os T, Liljegren A, Side L, Brewer C, Brady A, Donaldson A, Stefansdottir V, Friedman E, Chen-Shtoyerman R, Amor D, Copakova L, Barwell J, Giri V, Murthy V, Nicolai N, Teo S, Greenhalgh L, Strom S, Henderson A, McGrath J, Gallagher D, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Dearnaley D, Costello P, Eyfjord J, Rothwell J, Falconer A, Gronberg H, Hamdy F, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Kote-Jarai Z, Lubinski J, Axcrona U, Melia J, McKinley J, Mitra A, Moynihan C, Rennert G, Suri M, Wilson P, Killick E, Moss S and Eeles R (2014) Targeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT StudyEuropean Urology, 10.1016/j.eururo.2014.01.003, VOL. 66, NO. 3, (489-499), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2014. Handorf E, Crumpler N, Gross L and Giri V (2013) Prevalence of the HOXB13 G84E Mutation Among Unaffected Men with a Family History of Prostate CancerJournal of Genetic Counseling, 10.1007/s10897-013-9672-5, VOL. 23, NO. 3, (371-376), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2014. Pezaro C, Woo H and Davis I (2014) Prostate cancer: measuring PSAInternal Medicine Journal, 10.1111/imj.12407, VOL. 44, NO. 5, (433-440), Online publication date: 1-May-2014. Chang B, Hughes L, Chen D, Gross L, Ruth K and Giri V (2013) Validation of association of genetic variants at 10q with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men at high risk for prostate cancerBJU International, 10.1111/bju.12264, VOL. 113, NO. 5b, (E150-E156), Online publication date: 1-May-2014. Wood M, Kadlubek P, Pham T, Wollins D, Lu K, Weitzel J, Neuss M and Hughes K (2014) Quality of Cancer Family History and Referral for Genetic Counseling and Testing Among Oncology Practices: A Pilot Test of Quality Measures As Part of the American Society of Clinical Oncology Quality Oncology Practice InitiativeJournal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2013.51.4661, VOL. 32, NO. 8, (824-829), Online publication date: 10-Mar-2014. Menezes J, Cappellari P, Capelari M, Goncalves P, Toledo G, Filho J, Sales-Peres A and Marzola C (2013) Mandibular metastasis of adenocarcinoma from prostate cancer: case report according to epidemiology and current therapeutical trends of the advanced prostate cancerJournal of Applied Oral Science, 10.1590/1679-775720130148, VOL. 21, NO. 5, (490-495), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2013. Lazzeri M, Haese A, Abrate A, de la Taille A, Redorta J, McNicholas T, Lughezzani G, Lista G, Larcher A, Bini V, Cestari A, Buffi N, Graefen M, Bosset O, Corvoisier P, Breda A, de la Torre P, Fowler L, Roux J and Guazzoni G (2013) Clinical performance of serum prostate-specific antigen isoform [-2]proPSA (p2PSA) and its derivatives, %p2PSA and the prostate health index (PHI), in men with a family history of prostate cancer: results from a multicentre European study, the PROMEtheuSBJU International, 10.1111/bju.12217, VOL. 112, NO. 3, (313-321), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2013. Cybulski C, Wokołorczyk D, Kluźniak W, Kashyap A, Gołąb A, Słojewski M, Sikorski A, Puszyński M, Soczawa M, Borkowski T, Borkowski A, Antczak A, Przybyła J, Sosnowski M, Małkiewicz B, Zdrojowy R, Domagała P, Piotrowski K, Menkiszak J, Krzystolik K, Gronwald J, Jakubowska A, Górski B, Dębniak T, Masojć B, Huzarski T, Muir K, Lophatananon A, Lubiński J and Narod S (2013) A personalised approach to prostate cancer screening based on genotyping of risk founder allelesBritish Journal of Cancer, 10.1038/bjc.2013.261, VOL. 108, NO. 12, (2601-2609), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2013. Castro E, Goh C and Eeles R (2013) Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA and Lynch Syndrome Mutation Carriers American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2013.33.e50, NO. 33, (e50-e55), Online publication date: 1-May-2013. Hughes L, Zhu F, Ross E, Gross L, Uzzo R, Chen D, Viterbo R, Rebbeck T and Giri V (2012) Assessing the Clinical Role of Genetic Markers of Early-Onset Prostate Cancer among High-Risk Men Enrolled in Prostate Cancer Early DetectionCancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0727, VOL. 21, NO. 1, (53-60), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2012. Alioune S, Yaya S, Ibou T, Boubacar F, Babacar D, Ahmed F, Mamadou B, Meissa T and Assane D (2011) Détection précoce du cancer de la prostate chez le quadragénaire au SénégalProgrès en Urologie, 10.1016/j.purol.2010.05.011, VOL. 21, NO. 4, (260-263), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2011. Giri V, Ruth K, Hughes L, Uzzo R, Chen D, Boorjian S, Viterbo R and Rebbeck T (2010) Racial differences in prediction of time to prostate cancer diagnosis in a prospective screening cohort of high-risk men: effect of TMPRSS2 Met160ValBJU International, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09522.x, VOL. 107, NO. 3, (466-470), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2011. Mitra A, Bancroft E, Barbachano Y, Page E, Foster C, Jameson C, Mitchell G, Lindeman G, Stapleton A, Suthers G, Evans D, Cruger D, Blanco I, Mercer C, Kirk J, Maehle L, Hodgson S, Walker L, Izatt L, Douglas F, Tucker K, Dorkins H, Clowes V, Male A, Donaldson A, Brewer C, Doherty R, Bulman B, Osther P, Salinas M, Eccles D, Axcrona K, Jobson I, Newcombe B, Cybulski C, Rubinstein W, Buys S, Townshend S, Friedman E, Domchek S, Ramon y Cajal T, Spigelman A, Teo S, Nicolai N, Aaronson N, Ardern-Jones A, Bangma C, Dearnaley D, Eyfjord J, Falconer A, Grönberg H, Hamdy F, Johannsson O, Khoo V, Kote-Jarai Z, Lilja H, Lubinski J, Melia J, Moynihan C, Peock S, Rennert G, Schröder F, Sibley P, Suri M, Wilson P, Bignon Y, Strom S, Tischkowitz M, Liljegren A, Ilencikova D, Abele A, Kyriacou K, van Asperen C, Kiemeney L, Easton D and Eeles R (2010) Targeted prostate cancer screening in men with mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 detects aggressive prostate cancer: preliminary analysis of the results of the IMPACT studyBJU International, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09648.x, VOL. 107, NO. 1, (28-39), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2011. Sexton W, Spiess P, Pisters L, Carpenter S, Madsen L, Zagone R, Wang X and Troncoso P (2010) Are there differences in zonal distribution and tumor volume of prostate cancer in patients with a positive family history?International braz j urol, 10.1590/S1677-55382010000500007, VOL. 36, NO. 5, (571-582), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2010. (2010) Screening in Urology The Scientific Basis of Urology, Third Edition, 10.3109/9781841847498-37, (542-559), Online publication date: 26-Jul-2010. Peyromaure M, Valéri A, Rebillard X, Beuzeboc P, Richaud P, Soulié M and Salomon L (2009) Spécificités du cancer de la prostate avant l’âge de 50 ansProgrès en Urologie, 10.1016/j.purol.2009.04.010, VOL. 19, NO. 11, (803-809), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2009. MCDOWELL M, OCCHIPINTI S, GARDINER R, BAADE P and STEGINGA S (2009) A review of prostate-specific antigen screening prevalence and risk perceptions for first-degree relatives of men with prostate cancerEuropean Journal of Cancer Care, 10.1111/j.1365-2354.2008.01046.x, VOL. 18, NO. 6, (545-555), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2009. Hughes L and Giri V (2009) Genetic polymorphisms and early-onset prostate cancer: a real potential to personalize prostate cancer screening?Future Oncology, 10.2217/fon.09.75, VOL. 5, NO. 7, (923-926), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2009. Giri V, Egleston B, Ruth K, Uzzo R, Chen D, Buyyounouski M, Raysor S, Hooker S, Torres J, Ramike T, Mastalski K, Kim T and Kittles R (2009) Race, Genetic West African Ancestry, and Prostate Cancer Prediction by Prostate-Specific Antigen in Prospectively Screened High-Risk MenCancer Prevention Research, 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0150, VOL. 2, NO. 3, (244-250), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2009. Merkle W (2009) Successful Early Prostate Cancer Screening by Three-Dimensional Color Doppler Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound: A Prospective StudyUroToday International Journal, 10.3834/uij.1944-5784.2009.04.08, VOL. 02, NO. 02, . Mastalski K, Coups E, Ruth K, Raysor S and Giri V (2008) Substantial family history of prostate cancer in black men recruited for prostate cancer screeningCancer, 10.1002/cncr.23862, VOL. 113, NO. 9, (2559-2564), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2008. Wood M, Stockdale A and Flynn B (2008) Interviews with primary care physicians regarding taking and interpreting the cancer family historyFamily Practice, 10.1093/fampra/cmn053, VOL. 25, NO. 5, (334-340), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008. Chen Y, Page J, Chen R and Giovannucci E (2008) Family history of prostate and breast cancer and the risk of prostate cancer in the PSA eraThe Prostate, 10.1002/pros.20825, VOL. 68, NO. 14, (1582-1591), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2008. Punga-Maole A, Moningo D, Kayembe P, Tshikuela M and Kabongo J (2008) Étude de dépistage du cancer de la prostate au sein d’une population d’employés d’une entreprise de Kinshasa en république démocratique du Congo. Taux de détection et facteurs de risques nutritionnels et géographiquesProgrès en Urologie, 10.1016/j.purol.2008.04.009, VOL. 18, NO. 8, (512-518), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2008. Drake B, Lathan C, Okechukwu C and Bennett G (2008) Racial Differences in Prostate Cancer Screening by Family HistoryAnnals of Epidemiology, 10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.02.004, VOL. 18, NO. 7, (579-583), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2008. Kiemeney L, Broeders M, Pelger M, Kil P, Schröder F, Witjes J and Vasen H (2007) Screening for prostate cancer in Dutch hereditary prostate cancer familiesInternational Journal of Cancer, 10.1002/ijc.23165, VOL. 122, NO. 4, (871-876), Online publication date: 15-Feb-2008. Lim L and Sherin K (2008) Screening for Prostate Cancer in U.S. MenAmerican Journal of Preventive Medicine, 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.10.003, VOL. 34, NO. 2, (164-170), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2008. Giri V, Beebe-Dimmer J, Buyyounouski M, Konski A, Feigenberg S, Uzzo R, Hanks G, Godwin A, Chen D, Gordon R, Cescon T, Raysor S and Watkins-Bruner D (2007) Prostate Cancer Risk Assessment Program: A 10-Year Update of Cancer DetectionJournal of Urology, VOL. 178, NO. 5, (1920-1924), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2007. Crawford E and Thompson I (2007) Controversies regarding screening for prostate cancerBJU International, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06943.x, VOL. 100, NO. s2 Prostate Can, (5-7), Online publication date: 1-Jul-2007. Mitra A, Bancroft E and Eeles R (2007) A review of targeted screening for prostate cancer: introducing the IMPACT StudyBJU International, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2007.06759.x, VOL. 99, NO. 6, (1350-1355), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2007. Richter E, Srivastava S and Dobi A (2007) Androgen receptor and prostate cancerProstate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500936, VOL. 10, NO. 2, (114-118), Online publication date: 1-May-2007. Shah M, Zhu K, Palmer R and Wu H (2007) Family history of cancer and utilization of prostate, colorectal and skin cancer screening tests in U.S. menPreventive Medicine, 10.1016/j.ypmed.2006.12.016, VOL. 44, NO. 5, (459-464), Online publication date: 1-May-2007. Wilson S (2006) Genitourinary malignanciesUpdate on Cancer Therapeutics, 10.1016/j.uct.2006.08.007, VOL. 1, NO. 4, (443-466), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2006. Yanke B, Carver B, Bianco F, Simoneaux W, Venable D, Powell I and Eastham J (2006) African-American race is a predictor of prostate cancer detection: incorporation into a pre-biopsy nomogramBJU International, 10.1111/j.1464-410X.2006.06388.x, VOL. 98, NO. 4, (783-787), Online publication date: 1-Oct-2006. Kudadjie-Gyamfi E, Consedine N and Magai C (2006) On the importance of being ethnic: Coping with the threat of prostate cancer in relation to prostate cancer screening.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 10.1037/1099-9809.12.3.509, VOL. 12, NO. 3, (509-526) Weinrich S (2006) Prostate cancer screening in high-risk menCancer, 10.1002/cncr.21674, VOL. 106, NO. 4, (796-803), Online publication date: 15-Feb-2006. Sweetman J, Watson M, Norman A, Bunstead Z, Hopwood P, Melia J, Moss S, Eeles R, Dearnaley D and Moynihan C (2006) Feasibility of familial PSA screening: psychosocial issues and screening adherenceBritish Journal of Cancer, 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602959, VOL. 94, NO. 4, (507-512), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2006. Loeb S, Roehl K, Antenor J, Catalona W, Suarez B and Nadler R (2006) Baseline prostate-specific antigen compared with median prostate-specific antigen for age group as predictor of prostate cancer risk in men younger than 60 years oldUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2005.08.040, VOL. 67, NO. 2, (316-320), Online publication date: 1-Feb-2006. Martin B, Cheli C, Sterling K, Ward M, Pollard S, Lifsey D, Mercante D, Martin L and Rayford W (2006) Prostate Specific Antigen Isoforms and Human Glandular Kallikrein 2???Which Offers the Best Screening Performance in a Predominantly Black Population?The Journal of Urology, 10.1097/00005392-200601000-00029, VOL. 175, NO. 1, (104???107), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2006. Martin B, Cheli C, Sterling K, Ward M, Pollard S, Lifsey D, Mercante D, Martin L and Rayford W (2018) Prostate Specific Antigen Isoforms and Human Glandular Kallikrein 2—Which Offers the Best Screening Performance in a Predominantly Black Population?Journal of Urology, VOL. 175, NO. 1, (104-107), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2006.PEYROMAURE M, DEBRÉ B, MAO K, ZHANG G, WANG Y, SUN Z, XU D, JIANG J and SUN Y (2018) MANAGEMENT OF PROSTATE CANCER IN CHINA: A MULTICENTER REPORT OF 6 INSTITUTIONSJournal of Urology, VOL. 174, NO. 5, (1794-1797), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2005. Wilson S (2005) Prostate cancer screeningComprehensive Therapy, 10.1007/s12019-005-0007-9, VOL. 31, NO. 2, (119-123), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2005. Shelton J, Barocas D, Conway F, Hart K, Nelson K, Richstone L, Gonzalez R, Raman J and Scherr D (2005) Prostate-specific antigen screening in a high-risk population: Lessons from the community and how they relate to large-scale population-based studiesUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2004.11.047, VOL. 65, NO. 5, (931-936), Online publication date: 1-May-2005. Lotan Y, Cadeddu J, Lee J, Roehrborn C and Lippman S (2005) Implications of the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial: A Decision Analysis Model of Survival OutcomesJournal of Clinical Oncology, 10.1200/JCO.2005.03.137, VOL. 23, NO. 9, (1911-1920), Online publication date: 20-Mar-2005. PINSKY P, ANDRIOLE G, KRAMER B, HAYES R, PROROK P and GOHAGAN J (2018) PROSTATE BIOPSY FOLLOWING A POSITIVE SCREEN IN THE PROSTATE, LUNG, COLORECTAL AND OVARIAN CANCER SCREENING TRIALJournal of Urology, VOL. 173, NO. 3, (746-751), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2005. Wilson S and Crawford E (2005) Genitourinary malignancies , 10.1016/S0921-4410(04)22022-1, (485-513), . Allepuz Losa C, Borque Fernando Á and Rioja Sanz L (2005) ¿Cuál es el algoritmo diagnóstico más apropiado para el cribado del cáncer de próstata?Actas Urológicas Españolas, 10.1016/S0210-4806(05)73276-9, VOL. 29, NO. 5, (465-472), Online publication date: 1-Jan-2005. Crum N, Spencer C and Amling C (2004) Prostate carcinoma among men with human immunodeficiency virus infectionCancer, 10.1002/cncr.20389, VOL. 101, NO. 2, (294-299), Online publication date: 15-Jul-2004. Wilson S and Crawford E (2004) Screening for Prostate CancerClinical Prostate Cancer, 10.3816/CGC.2004.n.008, VOL. 3, NO. 1, (21-25), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2004. Martin B, Finlay J, Sterling K, Ward M, Lifsey D, Mercante D, Jainto J, Martin L and Rayford W (2004) Early detection of prostate cancer in African-American men through use of multiple biomarkers: human kallikrein 2 (hK2), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and free PSA (fPSA)Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, 10.1038/sj.pcan.4500706, VOL. 7, NO. 2, (132-137), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2004. Wilson S and Crawford E (2004) Screening for prostate cancer: current recommendationsUrologic Clinics of North America, 10.1016/j.ucl.2004.01.002, VOL. 31, NO. 2, (219-226), Online publication date: 1-May-2004. Bunker C, Patrick A, Miljkovic-Gacic I, Konety B, Belle A, Richard J and Dhir R (2004) Prostate cancer screening parameters in a high-risk African-Caribbean populationUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.064, VOL. 63, NO. 4, (737-741), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2004. Han M, Gann P and Catalona W (2004) Prostate-specific antigen and screening for prostate cancerMedical Clinics of North America, 10.1016/S0025-7125(03)00188-3, VOL. 88, NO. 2, (245-265), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2004. Crawford E (2003) Epidemiology of prostate cancerUrology, 10.1016/j.urology.2003.10.013, VOL. 62, NO. 6, (3-12), Online publication date: 1-Dec-2003. Barros M, Silva V, Santos G, Hughes A and Silveira M (2003) Prevalence of prostate adenocarcinoma according to race in an university hospitalInternational braz j urol, 10.1590/S1677-55382003000400004, VOL. 29, NO. 4, (306-312), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2003. Anglade R and Babayan R (2003) Race, Ethnicity, Religion, Marital Status and Prostate Cancer in the USA Prostate Cancer, 10.1016/B978-012286981-5/50015-X, (121-127), . Volume 168Issue 5November 2002Page: 1980-1984 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.Keywordsprostate-specific antigenprostatic neoplasmsmass screeningMetricsAuthor Information WILLIAM J. CATALONA Financial interest and/or other relationship with Hybritech-Beckman and Monsanto Pharmacia. More articles by this author JO ANN V. ANTENOR More articles by this author KIMBERLY A. ROEHL More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...