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Crystallisation of PET from the Amorphous State: Observation of Different Rates for Surface and Bulk Using XPS and FTIR

1996; Wiley; Volume: 24; Issue: 10 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1096-9918(19960930)24

1096-9918

Neil W. Hayes, G. Beamson, David Clark, D. Law, Rasmita Raval,

Polymer crystallization and properties

Surface and Interface AnalysisVolume 24, Issue 10 p. 723-728 Research Article Crystallisation of PET from the Amorphous State: Observation of Different Rates for Surface and Bulk Using XPS and FTIR N. W. Hayes, N. W. Hayes Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorG. Beamson, Corresponding Author G. Beamson Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKResearch Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. T. Clark, D. T. Clark Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. S.-L. Law, D. S.-L. Law Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. Raval, R. Raval Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis and IRC in Surface Science, Dept. of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKSearch for more papers by this author N. W. Hayes, N. W. Hayes Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorG. Beamson, Corresponding Author G. Beamson Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKResearch Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. T. Clark, D. T. Clark Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorD. S.-L. Law, D. S.-L. Law Research Unit for Surfaces, Transforms and Interfaces, Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington WA4 4AD, UKSearch for more papers by this authorR. Raval, R. Raval Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis and IRC in Surface Science, Dept. of Chemistry, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: 30 September 1996 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9918(19960930)24:10 3.0.CO;2-YCitations: 48AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Crystalline regions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are associated with the trans glycol conformation of the polymer repeat unit. Amorphous regions are largely associated with the gauche conformation. We describe experiments which follow the development of trans conformers at the surface and in the bulk of amorphous PET films (∽150 nm thick) annealed above the glass transition temperature Tg. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to probe the surface region to a depth of ∽5 nm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to examine changes in the bulk. For PET samples annealed at 90 °C no conformational change was observed either at the surface or in the bulk after 120 min. At 95 and 110 °C the gauche to trans conformational change was over in ∽30 min (surface) and >120 min (bulk) and ∽15 minutes (surface) and ∽30 min (bulk), respectively. Hence the surface rearranges faster than the bulk, consistent with increased mobility at the surface due to the polymer chains being less constrained. This is analogous with the phenomenon of surface premelting in crystalline solids. A comparison of reflection–absorption infrared spectroscopy and transmission FTIR data demonstrates the occurrence of molecular reorientation in the bulk in addition to conformational change. Citing Literature Volume24, Issue1030 September 1996Pages 723-728 RelatedInformation