Construing "Technology" as "Applied Science": Public Rhetoric of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, 1880-1945
1995; University of Chicago Press; Volume: 86; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1086/357153
ISSN1545-6994
Autores Tópico(s)Twentieth Century Scientific Developments
ResumoPrevious articleNext article No AccessConstruing "Technology" as "Applied Science": Public Rhetoric of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, 1880-1945Ronald KlineRonald Kline Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmailPrint SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Isis Volume 86, Number 2Jun., 1995 Publication of the History of Science Society Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/357153 Views: 69Total views on this site Citations: 113Citations are reported from Crossref Copyright 1995 History of Science Society, Inc.PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article:Songül Karabatak, Gülcan Bahçecioğlu Turan, Muslim Alanoglu The effect of nursing students' perceptions of ARCS motivational teaching on their academic self-efficacy and attitudes towards learning: A structural equation modeling, Nurse Education Today 130 (Nov 2023): 105949.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.105949Gabriele Angori, Chiara Marzocchi, Laura Ramaciotti, Ugo Rizzo A patent-based analysis of the evolution of basic, mission-oriented, and applied research in European universities, The Journal of Technology Transfer 357 (Mar 2023).https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-023-10001-5Jamie Shaw Revisiting the Basic/Applied Science Distinction: The Significance of Urgent Science for Science Funding Policy, Journal for General Philosophy of Science 53, no.44 (Jan 2022): 477–499.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10838-021-09575-1Jamie Shaw There and back again: Revisiting Vannevar Bush, the linear model, and the freedom of science, Research Policy 51, no.1010 (Dec 2022): 104610.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2022.104610Victor Seow Psychology as technology: industrial psychology for an industrializing China, History and Technology 38, no.2-32-3 (Jan 2023): 257–273.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2022.2154039Marcelo Arancibia Gutiérrez Francis Bacon y C. P. Snow: la integración de las dos culturas, ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología 11, no.11 (May 2022): 75–97.https://doi.org/10.14201/art20221117597Lino Camprubí Materialism and the History of Science, (Oct 2021): 239–267.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89488-7_8 Bibliographie, (Apr 2021): 219–224.https://doi.org/10.3917/edmat.duboi.2021.01.0219Ellen Abrams ‘An inalienable prerogative of a liberated spirit’: postulating American mathematics, British Journal for the History of Mathematics 35, no.33 (Aug 2020): 225–245.https://doi.org/10.1080/26375451.2020.1805934Adriana Feld Science, Politics/Policy and the Cold War in Argentina: From Concepts to Institutional Models in the 1950s and ’60s, Minerva 57, no.44 (Jun 2019): 523–547.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-019-09379-0Vivek Kant, Eric Kerr Taking Stock of Engineering Epistemology: Multidisciplinary Perspectives, Philosophy & Technology 32, no.44 (Sep 2018): 685–726.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13347-018-0331-5Karen A. Rader Introduction to the special issue Biology and Technology Reframed: historiographical reflections and opportunities, History and Technology 35, no.44 (Jan 2020): 366–373.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2019.1694259ANDREW GODLEY, MARRISA JOSEPH, DAVID LESLIE-HUGHES Technology Transfer in the Interwar U.S. Pharmaceutical Sector: The Case of E. Merck of Darmstadt and Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, Enterprise & Society 20, no.33 (Jun 2019): 613–651.https://doi.org/10.1017/eso.2018.97Nikolaos Voulvoulis, Mark A. Burgman The contrasting roles of science and technology in environmental challenges, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49, no.1212 (Feb 2019): 1079–1106.https://doi.org/10.1080/10643389.2019.1565519Tim Flink, Tobias Peter Excellence and Frontier Research as Travelling Concepts in Science Policymaking, Minerva 56, no.44 (Mar 2018): 431–452.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-018-9351-7Jaume Valentines–Álvarez Seeing like a factory: Technocratic nationalism in Catalonia, 1930–1939, History and Technology 34, no.3-43-4 (Mar 2019): 235–258.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2019.1565745Melinda Baldwin Scientific Autonomy, Public Accountability, and the Rise of “Peer Review” in the Cold War United States, Isis 109, no.33 (Sep 2018): 538–558.https://doi.org/10.1086/700070Matthieu Ballandonne The Old Economics of Science and the Nonlinear Model of Innovation, History of Political Economy 50, no.11 (Mar 2018): 119–154.https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-4335033Udechukwu Ojiako, Maxwell Chipulu, Alasdair Marshall, Terry Williams An examination of the ‘rule of law’ and ‘justice’ implications in Online Dispute Resolution in construction projects, International Journal of Project Management 36, no.22 (Feb 2018): 301–316.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2017.10.002Cyrus C. M. Mody New Editor-in-Chief Editorial, Engineering Studies 10, no.11 (Jun 2018): 1–11.https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2018.1427748Samuel A. Robinson De-mobbing Military Oceanography: Post-War Needs of British Science, (May 2018): 75–111.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-73096-7_3Vivek Kant , Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science 19, no.55 ( 2018): 606.https://doi.org/10.1080/1463922X.2017.1414334Joseph D. Martin Prestige Asymmetry in American Physics: Aspirations, Applications, and the Purloined Letter Effect, Science in Context 30, no.44 (Feb 2018): 475–506.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889717000242David Kaldewey, Désirée Schauz “The Politics of Pure Science” Revisited, Science and Public Policy 44, no.66 (Nov 2017): 883–886.https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scx060Atsushi Akera Setting the Standards for Engineering Education: A History [Scanning Our Past], Proceedings of the IEEE 105, no.99 (Sep 2017): 1834–1843.https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2017.2729406R. Daniel Wadhwani, Gabriel Galvez-Behar, Joris Mercelis, Anna Guagnini Academic entrepreneurship and institutional change in historical perspective, Management & Organizational History 12, no.33 (Aug 2017): 175–198.https://doi.org/10.1080/17449359.2017.1359903Aboutorab Yaghmaie How to Characterise Pure and Applied Science, International Studies in the Philosophy of Science 31, no.22 (Mar 2018): 133–149.https://doi.org/10.1080/02698595.2018.1424763Adi Sapir Protecting the Purity of Pure Research: Organizational Boundary-Work at an Institute of Basic Research, Minerva 55, no.11 (Oct 2016): 65–91.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-016-9309-6Jessica Wang “Broken Symmetry”: Physics, Aesthetics, and Moral Virtue in Nuclear Age America, (Dec 2017): 27–47.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48893-6_3Paul Erickson Theorizing Application, History of Political Economy 49, no.SupplementSupplement (Jan 2017): 58–77.https://doi.org/10.1215/00182702-4166263Mario Coccia Economics of Science: Historical Evolution, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2017).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2967120Henrik Björck A distinguished scientific field? Pursuing resources and building institutions for engineering research in Sweden, 1890–1945, History and Technology 32, no.44 (Jan 2017): 315–348.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2016.1274174Ingemar Pettersson The technoscientists: a Swedish construction of basic research in World War II, History and Technology 32, no.44 (Jan 2017): 349–381.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2016.1278092Jennifer L. Lieberman The myth of the first African-American electrical engineer: Arthur U. Craig and the importance of teaching in technological history, History and Technology 32, no.11 (May 2016): 70–90.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341512.2016.1184016Sven Ove Hansson Technology as a Practical Art, (Jun 2016): 63–81.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33717-3_4Thomas C. Lassman Putting the Military Back into the History of the Military-Industrial Complex: The Management of Technological Innovation in the U.S. Army, 1945–1960 Thomas C. Lassman, Isis 106, no.11 (Oct 2015): 94–120.https://doi.org/10.1086/681038Jordi Molas-Gallart Research evaluation and the assessment of public value, Arts and Humanities in Higher Education 14, no.11 (Feb 2015): 111–126.https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022214534381Aristotle Tympas On the Hazardousness of the Concept ‘Technology’: Notes on a Conversation Between the History of Science and the History of Technology, (Jan 2015): 329–342.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14553-2_22Atsushi Akera, Bruce Seely A Historical Survey of the Structural Changes in the American System of Engineering Education, (Jan 2015): 7–32.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16169-3_1Amy E. Slaton Meritocracy, Technocracy, Democracy: Understandings of Racial and Gender Equity in American Engineering Education, (Jan 2015): 171–189.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16169-3_8Benoît Godin Invention, diffusion and linear models of innovation: the contribution of anthropology to a conceptual framework, Journal of Innovation Economics & Management n°15, no.33 (Sep 2014): 11–37.https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.015.0011Désirée Schauz What is Basic Research? Insights from Historical Semantics, Minerva 52, no.33 (Jun 2014): 273–328.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-014-9255-0Arjan van Rooij University Knowledge Production and Innovation: Getting a Grip, Minerva 52, no.22 (May 2014): 263–272.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-014-9254-1Heather Douglas Pure science and the problem of progress, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 46 (Jun 2014): 55–63.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2014.02.001Matthew Wisnioski “Suppose the World Were Already Lost”: Worst Case Design and the Engineering Imagination at Harvey Mudd College, Engineering Studies 6, no.22 (Aug 2014): 65–86.https://doi.org/10.1080/19378629.2014.931407N. Rosenberg, W. E. Steinmueller Engineering knowledge, Industrial and Corporate Change 22, no.55 (Jan 2013): 1129–1158.https://doi.org/10.1093/icc/dts053Debasmita Patra Nanoscience, nanotechnology, or nanotechnoscience: Perceptions of Indian nanoresearchers, Public Understanding of Science 22, no.55 (Aug 2011): 590–605.https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662511413977Stathis Arapostathis, Graeme Gooday Electrical technoscience and physics in transition, 1880–1920, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 44, no.22 (Jun 2013): 202–211.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2012.11.002Christine MacLeod, Gregory Radick Claiming ownership in the technosciences: Patents, priority and productivity, Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part A 44, no.22 (Jun 2013): 188–201.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsa.2012.11.010Arjan van Rooij Gaps and Plugs: TNO, and the Problems of Getting Knowledge out of Laboratories, Minerva 51, no.11 (Jan 2013): 25–48.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-013-9217-ySony Pellissery Social Science Research and Public Action: A Preface, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2013).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2264630 Founding Hopes, (Oct 2012): 28–54.https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139225717.004Jennifer Karns Alexander Thinking Again about Science in Technology Jennifer Karns Alexander, Isis 103, no.33 (Jul 2015): 518–526.https://doi.org/10.1086/667975Paul Lucier The Origins of Pure and Applied Science in Gilded Age America Paul Lucier, Isis 103, no.33 (Jul 2015): 527–536.https://doi.org/10.1086/667976Graeme Gooday “Vague and Artificial”: The Historically Elusive Distinction between Pure and Applied Science Graeme Gooday, Isis 103, no.33 (Jul 2015): 546–554.https://doi.org/10.1086/667978Eric Schatzberg From Art to Applied Science Eric Schatzberg, Isis 103, no.33 (Jul 2015): 555–563.https://doi.org/10.1086/667979Roger Pielke Basic Research as a Political Symbol, Minerva 50, no.33 (Sep 2012): 339–361.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-012-9207-5Sara B. Pritchard From hydroimperialism to hydrocapitalism: ‘French’ hydraulics in France, North Africa, and beyond, Social Studies of Science 42, no.44 (Apr 2012): 591–615.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712443018Sungook Hong The Relationship between Science and Technology in Korea from the 1960s to the Present Day: A Historical and Reflective Perspective, East Asian Science, Technology and Society: An International Journal 6, no.22 (Oct 2020): 259–265.https://doi.org/10.1215/18752160-1626727 References, (Jun 2012): 553–599.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118444054.refsSteve Sturdy THE MEANINGS OF ‘LIFE’: BIOLOGY AND BIOGRAPHY IN THE WORK OF J. S. HALDANE (1860–1936), Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 21 (Nov 2011): 171–191.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0080440111000089Tiago Mata Trust in independence: The identities of economists in business magazines, 1945-1970, Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 47, no.44 (Oct 2011): 359–379.https://doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.20516ARJAN VAN ROOIJ Knowledge, money and data: an integrated account of the evolution of eight types of laboratory, The British Journal for the History of Science 44, no.33 (Jan 2011): 427–448.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087410001330 이관수 The Advent of the 19th Century American Mechanical Engineers: A Reinterpretation, Journal of Engineering Education Research 14, no.55 (Sep 2011): 37–45.https://doi.org/10.18108/jeer.2011.14.5.37Benoît Godin The linear model of innovation: Maurice Holland and the research cycle, Social Science Information 50, no.3-43-4 (Sep 2011): 569–581.https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018411411032Jonas Hallström, Per Gyberg Technology in the rear-view mirror: how to better incorporate the history of technology into technology education, International Journal of Technology and Design Education 21, no.11 (Dec 2009): 3–17.https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-009-9109-5Oscar Moro Abadía Beyond externalism. Exploring new directions in the history of archaeology, Archaeological Dialogues 17, no.22 (Nov 2010): 215–236.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1380203810000280 References and Bibliography, (Sep 2010): 795–845.https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470922378.refs By Sabine Clarke Pure Science with a Practical Aim: The Meanings of Fundamental Research in Britain, circa 1916–1950 Sabine Clarke, Isis 101, no.22 (Jul 2015): 285–311.https://doi.org/10.1086/653094Tiago Mata Trust in Independence - the Identities of Economists in Business Magazines, 1945-1970, SSRN Electronic Journal (Jan 2010).https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1546042By Paul Lucier The Professional and the Scientist in Nineteenth-Century America Paul Lucier, Isis 100, no.44 (Jul 2015): 699–732.https://doi.org/10.1086/652016Mercy W. Kamara The Typology of the Game that American, British, and Danish Crop and Plant Scientists Play, Minerva 47, no.44 (Dec 2009): 441–463.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11024-009-9135-1Glen Norcliffe G-COT, Science, Technology, & Human Values 34, no.44 (Feb 2009): 449–475.https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243908329182Eirini Mergoupi-Savaidou, Faidra Papanelopoulou, Spyros Tzokas The Public Image(s) of Science and Technology in the Greek Daily Press, 1908-1910, Centaurus 51, no.22 (May 2009): 116–142.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0498.2009.00146.x Bibliographie, (Apr 2009): 203–219.https://doi.org/10.3917/dec.bensa.2009.01.0203 Sources, (May 2008): 479–511.https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470409756.sourceMatthew N. Eisler Getting power to the people: technological dramaturgy and the quest for the electrochemical engine, History and Technology 25, no.11 (Mar 2009): 49–68.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510802618174 Von Neumann in the United States, (Jan 2009): 75–119.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-9896-5_4Carl Mitcham, Eric Schatzberg Defining Technology and the Engineering Sciences, (Jan 2009): 27–63.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51667-1.50006-9David F. Channell The Emergence of the Engineering Sciences: An Historical Analysis, (Jan 2009): 117–154.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-51667-1.50009-4Roel Wieringa, Hans Heerkens Design Science, Engineering Science and Requirements Engineering, (Sep 2008): 310–313.https://doi.org/10.1109/RE.2008.63Robert Bud Upheaval in the moral economy of science? Patenting, teamwork and the World War II experience of penicillin, History and Technology 24, no.22 (Jun 2008): 173–190.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510701810955John A. Alic A weakness in diffusion: US technology and science policy after World War II, Technology in Society 30, no.11 (Jan 2008): 17–29.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2007.10.005Kenneth Bertrams Converting Academic Expertize into Industrial Innovation: University-based Research at Solvay and Gevaert, 1900–1970, Enterprise & Society 8, no.44 (Feb 2015): 807–841.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1467222700006467Kenneth Bertrams Converting Academic Expertize into Industrial Innovation: University-based Research at Solvay and Gevaert, 1900–1970, Enterprise and Society 8, no.44 (Feb 2015): 807–841.https://doi.org/10.1093/es/khm077Steve Sturdy Knowing Cases, Social Studies of Science 37, no.55 (Jun 2016): 659–689.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312707076597CHRISTINE MACLEOD, JENNIFER TANN From engineer to scientist: reinventing invention in the Watt and Faraday centenaries, 1919–31, The British Journal for the History of Science 40, no.33 (Jul 2007): 389–411.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007087407009855Bruno Belhoste, Konstantinos Chatzis From Technical Corps to Technocratic Power: French State Engineers and their Professional and Cultural Universe in the First Half of the 19th Century, History and Technology 23, no.33 (Sep 2007): 209–225.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510701300288Kara Swanson Biotech in Court, Social Studies of Science 37, no.33 (Jun 2016): 357–384.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312706071793Cynthia E. Foor, Susan E. Walden, Deborah A. Trytten “I Wish that I Belonged More in this Whole Engineering Group:” Achieving Individual Diversity, Journal of Engineering Education 96, no.22 (Jan 2013): 103–115.https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2168-9830.2007.tb00921.xPaul Forman The Primacy of Science in Modernity, of Technology in Postmodernity, and of Ideology in the History of Technology, History and Technology 23, no.1-21-2 (Mar 2007): 1–152.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510601092191Martin Collins, Ronald Kline, Chunglin Kwa, Philip Mirowski RESPONSES, History and Technology 23, no.1-21-2 (Mar 2007): 153–184.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510701219249John A. Alic Korea and its Aftermath: The Shift to High Technology, (Jan 2007): 29–47.https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230606876_3Anders Lundgren The Transfer of Chemical Knowledge: The Case of Chemical Technology and its Textbooks, Science & Education 15, no.7-87-8 (Nov 2006): 761–778.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11191-005-1930-yBenoît Godin The Linear Model of Innovation, Science, Technology, & Human Values 31, no.66 (Aug 2016): 639–667.https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243906291865Naubahar Sharif Emergence and development of the National Innovation Systems concept, Research Policy 35, no.55 (Jun 2006): 745–766.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2006.04.001Jonathan Harwood Engineering Education between Science and Practice: Rethinking the Historiography, History and Technology 22, no.11 (Mar 2006): 53–79.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341510500497210Jane Calvert What’s Special about Basic Research?, Science, Technology, & Human Values 31, no.22 (Aug 2016): 199–220.https://doi.org/10.1177/0162243905283642 Peter Dear What Is the History of Science the History Of? Early Modern Roots of the Ideology of Modern Science Dear, Isis 96, no.33 (Jul 2015): 390–406.https://doi.org/10.1086/447747Lutz-Michael Alisch Über die (Wechsel-)Beziehung zwischen Entdeckungs-, Begründungs- und Verwendungszusammenhang wissenschaftlicher Sätze, (Jan 2005): 55–78.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-07736-7_3Park Doing ?Lab Hands? and the ?Scarlet O?, Social Studies of Science 34, no.33 (Jun 2016): 299–323.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312704043677Naomi Oreskes A Context of Motivation, Social Studies of Science 33, no.55 (Jun 2016): 697–742.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312703335004Walter G. Vincenti, David Bloor Boundaries, Contingencies and Rigor, Social Studies of Science 33, no.44 (Jun 2016): 469–507.https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312703334001Benoît Godin Measuring Science: is there “Basic Research” without Statistics?, Social Science Information 42, no.11 (Jun 2016): 57–90.https://doi.org/10.1177/0539018403042001795 Jacob Darwin Hamblin The Navy's “Sophisticated” Pursuit of Science: Undersea Warfare, the Limits of Internationalism, and the Utility of Basic Research, 1945–1956 Hamblin, Isis 93, no.11 (Jul 2015): 1–27.https://doi.org/10.1086/343244Robert H. Kargon, Scott G. Knowles Knowledge for Use: Science, Higher Learning, and America's New Industrial Heartland, 1880-1915, Annals of Science 59, no.11 (Nov 2010): 1–20.https://doi.org/10.1080/00033790010028188Benoît Godin Outline for a History of Science Measurement, Science, Technology, & Human Values 27, no.11 (Aug 2016): 3–27.https://doi.org/10.1177/016224390202700101R.R. Kline The paradox of "engineering science"-a cold war debate about education in the U.S, IEEE Technology and Society Magazine 19, no.33 (Jan 2000): 19–25.https://doi.org/10.1109/44.868938Simon Cole What Counts for Identity? The Historical Origins of the Methodology of Latent Fingerprint Identification, Science in Context 12, no.11 (Sep 2008): 139–172.https://doi.org/10.1017/S0269889700003343Sungook Hong Historiographical layers in the relationship between science and technology, History and Technology 15, no.44 (Jan 1999): 289–311.https://doi.org/10.1080/07341519908581950Thomas Hänseroth, Klaus Mauersberger Technikwissenschaften zwischen theoretischer Erkenntnis und Ingenieurtätigkeit, NTM International Journal of History and Ethics of Natural Sciences, Technology and Medicine 6, no.11 (Dec 1998): 217–237.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02914224Geert J. Somsen Selling Science: Dutch Debates on the Industrial Significance of University Chemistry, 1903–1932, (Jan 1998): 143–168.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1233-0_7 John Neu Current Bibliography of the History of Science and Its Cultural Influences, 1995, Isis 86 (Oct 2015): 1–331.https://doi.org/10.1086/357399
Referência(s)