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Argonaute: a scaffold for the function of short regulatory RNAs

2006; Elsevier BV; Volume: 31; Issue: 11 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.tibs.2006.09.010

1362-4326

J.S. Parker, David Barford,

CRISPR and Genetic Engineering

Argonaute is the central protein component of RNA-silencing mechanisms. It provides the platform for target-mRNA recognition by short regulatory guide RNA strands and the Slicer catalytic activity for mRNA cleavage in RNA interference. Multiple Argonaute sub-families can be identified phylogenetically yet, despite this diversity, molecular and sequence analyses show that Argonaute proteins share common molecular properties and the capacity to function through a common mechanism. Recently, the members of the Piwi sub-family have been shown to interact with new classes of short regulatory RNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs), which has implications for developmental processes and introduces a new dimension to the field of RNA silencing. Argonaute is the central protein component of RNA-silencing mechanisms. It provides the platform for target-mRNA recognition by short regulatory guide RNA strands and the Slicer catalytic activity for mRNA cleavage in RNA interference. Multiple Argonaute sub-families can be identified phylogenetically yet, despite this diversity, molecular and sequence analyses show that Argonaute proteins share common molecular properties and the capacity to function through a common mechanism. Recently, the members of the Piwi sub-family have been shown to interact with new classes of short regulatory RNAs, Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and repeat-associated small interfering RNAs (rasiRNAs), which has implications for developmental processes and introduces a new dimension to the field of RNA silencing. Sub-family of Argonaute proteins including human Argonaute-2. Short RNA strand (or DNA in prokaryotes) that binds to Argonaute and provides the specificity in RNA silencing. Strand complementary to the guide strand in a precursor siRNA or miRNA duplex; is discarded. Sub-family of Argonaute proteins resembling Drosophila Piwi. Used here to refer to the mechanism of RNA silencing involving cleavage, or slicing, of target mRNA. Gene silencing mediated by short, guide RNAs. Phosphodiester group in a target or passenger strand targeted for cleavage, or slicing, by Argonaute. Region of the guide strand (nucleotides 2–7/8 from the 5′ end) that mediates the primary recognition of a target strand. The enzyme responsible for mRNA cleavage in RNAi; identified as Argonaute. Argonaute-mediated endonucleolytic cleavage of a target or passenger strand. Nucleic acid strand targeted by the Argonaute-guide complex via complementary base pairing.