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Israel's Integration within the Olympic Movement, 1948–1951

2007; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 13; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/13537120701531767

1743-9086

Amichai Alperovich,

Sport and Mega-Event Impacts

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Many books and articles have been written about the Maccabiah Games. See Chaim Wein, The Maccabiah Games in Eretz Israel, Tel Aviv, 1983; George Eisen, 'Maccabiah Games: A History of the Jewish Olympics', Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Maryland, 1979. 2. Proces-Verbal de la 32EME Session du Comite International Olympique, Athens—16–21 May 1934. p. 3. 3. The German Organizing Committee sent an invitation, See Organisationskomitee für die XI. Olympiade Berlin 1936 E.V. (ed.), The XIth Olympic Game Berlin 1936, Vol. 1, Berlin, 1937, p. 98. The invitation was turned down by a letter from the Chairman of the NOC of Palestine, Frederick Kisch, to the President of the Organizing Committee, Dr Thoedor Lewald, See Friedrich Herman Kisch to Thoedor Lewald, 4 November 1934 (Maccabi Archive/Josef Yekutieli/5-1-23). 4. Regarding Socialist sport see Arnd Krüger and James Riordan (eds.), The Story of Worker Sport, Champaign, IL, 1996. 5. Josef Yekutieli to David Ben-Gurion, 2 April 1948, Central Zionist Archives (CZA) /S25/6687. 6. The NOC of Palestine, which represented Israel, had not sent the formal application for participating in the Games see The Organizing Committee for the XIV Olympiad (ed.), The Official Report of the Organising Committee for the XIV Olympiad, London, 1951, pp. 66–69. 7. Great Britain recognized de facto the State of Israel only on 29 January 1949. 8. Commision Executive. Session de Londres 1948, 23 July 1948, p. 1 (Avery Brundage Collection, Box 208). 9. International Amateur Athletic federation. Minutes of a Meeting of the Council, 25 July 1948 (A.B.C., Box 208). 10. Proces-Verbal de la 42eme Session du Comite International Olympique, London 27–29 July and 13 August 1948, pp. 1–3. 11. Emanuel Gill, The Story of Hapoel, Tel Aviv, 1975, p. 235. 12. Emanuel Gill to Ze'ev Sherf, 20 November 1949 (ISA/G/9/5548). 13. 'Will Hapoel Athletes take part in the Maccabiah?', Ha'aretz, 2 July 1950; 'Hapoel Athletes will Participate in the Maccabiah', Ha'aretz, 23 July 1950. 14. 'It is Necessary to Nationalize Jewish Sport around the World!', Goren Kidon, September 1950, p. 5. 15. Comite Olympique d'Israel, 3 April 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive at the Olympic Museum, Lausanne, Switzerland. 16. Isser Ben-Zvi to the Prime Minister's Office, the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Finance, 18 April 1951 (ISH/HZ/5/2009). 17. Comite Olympique D'Israel to Mayer, 24 April 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. See also in (A.B.C., Box 134). 18. Avraham Nissan to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 25 April 1951 (ISH/HZ/5/2009). 19. Mordechai Zilist to Otto Mayer, 30 April 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 20. Proces-Verbal de la reunion de la Commision Executive, Vienna, 3 May 1951, p. 2. 21. Nachum Heth to members of the Executive Board of the IOC, 5 April 1949 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 22. Proces-Verbal de la 43eme Session du Comite International Olympique, Rome, 21–27 April 1949, p. 2. 23. Proces-Verbal de la 43eme Session du Comite International Olympique, Rome, 21–27 April 1949, p. 2, p. 4. 24. Otto Mayer to Fredrick Kisch, 12 May 1949 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 25. Otto Mayer to Sigfrid Edström, 10 August 1949 (Edsteom—Correspondance President 1949) in IOC Archive. 26. Yehoshua Alouf to the IOC, 15 November 1949 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 27. Otto Mayer to Sigfrid Edström, 15 January 1950 (Edsteom—Correspondance President 1950) in IOC Archive. 28. Otto Mayer to Emanuel Simon, 15 February 1950 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 29. Nachum Heth to Otto Mayer, 19 March 1950 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 30. Otto Mayer to Nachum Heth, 29 March 1950 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 31. Otto Mayer to Sigfrid Edström, 27 April 1950 (Edsteom—Correspondance President 1950) in IOC Archive. 32. Proces-Verbal de la 44eme Session du Comite International Olympique, Copenhagen, 15–17 May 1950, pp. 4–5. 33. Otto Mayer to Sigfrid Edström, 24 July 1950 (Edsteom—Correspondance President 1950) in IOC Archive. 34. Emanuel Simon to Arthur Avnon, 19 July 1950 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 35. Emanuel Simon to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 27 December 1950 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 36. Sigfrid Edström to Otto Mayer, 13 January 1951 (Edsteom—Correspondance President 1951) in IOC Archive. 37. On the Mediterranean Games, see Jean-Paul Mazot and Serge Laget, Les Jeux Mediterranéens, Languedoc, 1992. On Israel and the Mediterranean Games, See Amichai Alperovich, 'Israel and the Regional Games—from the Mediterranean, via Asia to Europe', in Arnd Krüger and Wolfgang Buss (eds.), Transformations: Continuity and Change in Sport History, Vol. 2, Göttingen, 2002, pp. 84–87. 38. Sigfrid Edström to Otto Mayer, 12 March 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. See also: Nissan to the Israeli Ministry Of Foreign Affairs, 14 March 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 39. Avraham Nissan to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 19 April 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 40. Sigfrid Edström to Otto Mayer, 19 April 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 41. Angelo Bolanchi was one of two IOC members who gave his recommendation to the IOC to recognize the NOC of Palestine in 1934; see Lt. Col. A.G. Berdez to Comte Henri de Baillet-Latour, 24 April 1934 (Baillet-Latour 1934) in IOC Archive. 42. Proces-Verbal de la 45eme Session du Comite International Olympique, Vienna, 7–9 May 1951, p. 12. 43. Sigfrid Edström to Avraham Nissan, 17 May 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 44. Avraham Nissan to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 23 May 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 45. Nachum Heth to Moshe Sharet, 3 June 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 46. Michael Komi to Nachum Heth, 4 July 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 47. Michael Komi to Moshe Sharet, 19 June 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 48. An appendix to the agreement from 17 October 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 49. Heruth (freedom) party to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 29 October 1951 (ISA/HZ/5/2009). 50. Yaakov Liberman to the IOC, 14 November 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 51. Otto Mayer to Yaacov Liberman, 21 November 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 52. Nachum Heth/Abba Hushi/Josef Yekutieli/Mordechai Zilist to Sigfrid Edström, 19 December 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 53. Sigfrid Edström to Otto Mayer, 22 December 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 54. Otto Mayer to the members of the EB, 27 December 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 55. Otto Mayer To the NOC of Israel, 21 December 1951 (Israel—Demande de Reconnaissance 1949–1951) in IOC Archive. 56. Gieselher Spietzer, 'Zwischen 1945 und 1952: Drei NOKs in Deutschland', in NOK fuer Deutschlnd (ed.), Deutschland in der Olympischem Bewegung: Eine Zwischenbilanz, Frankfurt, 1999, pp. 177–203. 57. Allen Guttmann, The Games Must Go On: Avery Brundage and the Olympic Movement, New York, 1984, pp. 142–150. Additional informationNotes on contributorsAmichai Alperovich Amichai Alperovich is a lecturer at the University of Haifa.