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Uncovering archaeological landscapes at Angkor using lidar

2013; National Academy of Sciences; Volume: 110; Issue: 31 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1073/pnas.1306539110

1091-6490

Damian Evans, Roland Fletcher, Christophe Pottier, Jean‐Baptiste Chevance, Dominique Soutif, Boun Suy Tan, Sokrithy Im, Darith Ea, Tina Tin, S. H. Kim, Christopher Cromarty, Stéphane De Greef, Kasper Hanus, Pierre Bâty, Róbert Kuszinger, Ichita SHIMODA, Glenn Boornazian,

3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage

Previous archaeological mapping work on the successive medieval capitals of the Khmer Empire located at Angkor, in northwest Cambodia (∼9th to 15th centuries in the Common Era, C.E.), has identified it as the largest settlement complex of the preindustrial world, and yet crucial areas have remained unmapped, in particular the ceremonial centers and their surroundings, where dense forest obscures the traces of the civilization that typically remain in evidence in surface topography. Here we describe the use of airborne laser scanning (lidar) technology to create high-precision digital elevation models of the ground surface beneath the vegetation cover. We identify an entire, previously undocumented, formally planned urban landscape into which the major temples such as Angkor Wat were integrated. Beyond these newly identified urban landscapes, the lidar data reveal anthropogenic changes to the landscape on a vast scale and lend further weight to an emerging consensus that infrastructural complexity, unsustainable modes of subsistence, and climate variation were crucial factors in the decline of the classical Khmer civilization.