The Planned Industrial District in Anglo-America . . . . . . .: With Special Reference to Portland, Oregon
1965; University of Hawaii Press; Volume: 27; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1353/pcg.1965.0000
ISSN1551-3211
Autores Tópico(s)Economic Zones and Regional Development
ResumoRay M. Northam Portland State CoUege The Planned Industrial Distria in Anglo-America ....... With Special Reference to Portland, Oregon The planned industrial district is largely a product of the twentieth century, although at least one in England and one in Chicago were in operation in the 1890's.1 As the number has increased, especially in the post-1945 period, information concerning planned industrial districts has become more abundant and they have been the subject of numerous articles, addresses, and conferences. The geographer is interested in planned industrial districts as they represent a change in location of industrial activity, if not in a regional sense at least in a local sense, and as they constitute a form of urban land occupance. There is no general agreement on the meaning of the term planned industrial district. One of the earlier definitions was that presented by Pasma, in which he states: "An 'organized' or 'planned* industrial district is a tract ofland which is subdivided anddeveloped according to a comprehensive plan for the use of a community of industries, widi streets, rail lead tracks, and utilities installed before sites are sold to prospective occupants."2 1 One interested in the origin and development of the latter should read Robert L. Wrigley, Jr., "Organized Industrial Districts," Journal of Land and Public Utility Economics. Vol. 23, (May 1947). ' Theodore K. Pasma, Organized Industrial Districts, Department of Commerce, Office of Technical Services. June 1954, p. 1. 39 40ASSOCIATION OF PACIFIC COAST GEOGRAPHERS The March 1964 issue of Industrial Development and Manufacturer 's Record defines an industrial park as a tract of land set aside for industrial purposes, characterized by a comprehensive plan (including enforceable restrictions), developed utilities, and continuous management.3 In Architectural Forum it is mentioned that a planned industrial district is a planned preserve for industry with continuing management.* The common notion expressed in these definitions is that a planned industrial district is a community of industries developed with a comprehensive plan and with continuing management. In passing, it should be stated that the term planned industrial park also has been bandied about, yet the meaning is equally general . Many of the more recently developed industrial parks are, in effect, industrial districts. The difference, if any, is expressed in Architectural Forum as being that industrial parks have "a greater degree of openness and greenery. In the public mind an industrial park is a landscaped collection of 'clean,' modern factories which belongs, like the ranch-house development, in suburbia.''8 There seems to be less difference in function of the district and the park than in form, with the latter having a higher density of tenants, higher land and development costs, and more in the way of aesthetics . There also may be a difference in location of these two industrial assemblages within the urbanized area, with the industrial park per se developed nearer the core of the city. Since land costs here generally are higher and clearance is needed, costs of development are relatively high. Raw land which is more commonly used for industrial districts may cost $2,000 to $5,000 per acre, with $5,000 to $8,000 per acre for improvement. Costs of close-in land for industrial uses are illustrated by the expenditure of the Providence (Rhode Island) Redevelopment Agency. In the Providence project, costs are estimated at $128,000 per acre ($74,000 for land, $2,500 for clearance , and $51,500 for improvement).6 This project, supported by urban renewal funds, is expected to sell for $39,000 per acre—about one-third of the cost. The tenants who can locate in such close-in 'Industrial Development and Manufacturer's Record, "Industrial Parks—1964," Vol. 133, No. 3 (March 1964), p. 10. 'Frank Fogarty, "Industrial Parks-City Style," Architectural Forum, Vol. Ill, No. ß (December 1959), p. 95. 'Ibid., p. 94. 'Ibid., p. 96. VOLUME 27 YEARBOOK 1965 41 Alberto B.C. Manitoba Non Brunswick Novo Scotia Ontario Quebec Saskatchewan Total Canada Alosko Hawaii Total US Totol Anglo-Americo 1,221 1,242 Compili* from INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND MANUFACTURER'S RECOAO (March. 1965) Figure 1. Planned Industrial Districts in Anglo-America: 1965. and costly parks are few and consist of...
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