Energy Production and Social Marginalisation in China
2008; Routledge; Volume: 17; Issue: 55 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/10670560701809494
ISSN1469-9400
Autores ResumoAbstract The exploitation and production of primary energy resources and the supply of this energy is critical for China's economic development. Despite the obvious economic benefit to the nation, this energy production has had significant negative socio-economic impacts on certain groups of people at local and national scales. This paper documents three cases of energy production in China and demonstrates that, in each case, marginalisation of social groups has either been created or has been enhanced. These cases are the Three Gorges Dam, the Yumen oilfield, and township and village coal mines. The causes of this marginalisation have their roots in the structures, processes and approaches taken in the making and implementation of national policy in China, and are compounded by poor regulation and monitoring, poor civil rights, and the tension between central and local governments. The government which came to power in 2003 recognised the extent and importance of these social challenges relating to energy production, and has started to take steps to address them. Notes *Philip Andrews-Speed is Professor of Energy Policy and Xin Ma is a doctoral researcher at the Centre for Energy, Petroleum and Mineral Law and Policy, University of Dundee, UK. Philip Andrews-Speed leads the Centre's China Programme, which covers research, consultancy and professional training in the oil, gas, electricity and mining sectors. The focus of the research is on energy policy, regulation and reform, and on the interface between energy policy and international relations. Recent publications include: The Strategic Implications of China's Energy Needs (Adelphi Paper 346, 2002) and Energy Policy and Regulation in the People's Republic of China (Kluwer Law International, 2004). Xin Ma has a Bachelors degree in Management Information Systems from the Beijing University of Science and Technology and a Masters degree in Management Science and Engineering from the University of Petroleum in Beijing. She spent four years in the Finance Department of PetroChina Ltd. The focus of her current research is the impact of national oil company reform on commercial efficiency, and the international implications of China's national oil company strategies. We are grateful to Heather Xiaoquan Zhang, Tim Wright, Evelyn Dietsche and Subhes Bhattacharyya for their comments on drafts of this paper. 1. Gerald Leach, 'The energy transition', Energy Policy 20, (1992), pp. 116–123; World Energy Council, The Challenge of Rural Energy Poverty in Developing Countries (London: World Energy Council, 1999); World Bank, Energy Services for the World's Poor (Washington, DC: World Bank, 2000); International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook, 2002 (Paris: OECD/IEA, 2002). 2. 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Philip Andrews-Speed leads the Centre's China Programme, which covers research, consultancy and professional training in the oil, gas, electricity and mining sectors. The focus of the research is on energy policy, regulation and reform, and on the interface between energy policy and international relations. Recent publications include: The Strategic Implications of China's Energy Needs (Adelphi Paper 346, 2002) and Energy Policy and Regulation in the People's Republic of China (Kluwer Law International, 2004). Xin Ma has a Bachelors degree in Management Information Systems from the Beijing University of Science and Technology and a Masters degree in Management Science and Engineering from the University of Petroleum in Beijing. She spent four years in the Finance Department of PetroChina Ltd. The focus of her current research is the impact of national oil company reform on commercial efficiency, and the international implications of China's national oil company strategies. We are grateful to Heather Xiaoquan Zhang, Tim Wright, Evelyn Dietsche and Subhes Bhattacharyya for their comments on drafts of this paper.
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