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How are TH2-type immune responses initiated and amplified?

2010; Nature Portfolio; Volume: 10; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1038/nri2735

1474-1741

William E. Paul, Jinfang Zhu,

Immune Cell Function and Interaction

T helper 2 (TH2) cells have a central role in protection against helminth infections but are also responsible for the development of asthma and other allergic inflammatory diseases. This Review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the initiation and amplification of TH2-type immune responses in vivo. CD4+ T helper (TH) cells have crucial roles in orchestrating adaptive immune responses. TH2 cells control immunity to extracellular parasites and all forms of allergic inflammatory responses. Although we understand the initiation of the TH2-type response in tissue culture in great detail, much less is known about TH2 cell induction in vivo. Here we discuss the involvement of allergen- and parasite product-mediated activation of epithelial cells, basophils and dendritic cells and the functions of the cytokines interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin in the initiation and amplification of TH2-type immune responses in vivo.