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The Development and Application of U.S. Descriptive Standards for Archives, Historical Manuscripts, and Rare Books

2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 51; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/01639374.2013.764373

1544-4554

Cory Nimer, J. Gordon Daines,

Archaeological Research and Protection

Abstract This article gives an overview of the descriptive and technical standards used in the archives, historical manuscripts, and rare books communities in the United States. It briefly examines the conceptual models underlying these standards and then describes how they have been implemented in the L. Tom Perry Special Collections at Brigham Young University. KEYWORDS: descriptive catalogingResource Description and Access (RDA)MARC 21 formatsarchival materialsmanuscriptsrare booksspecial collections Notes 1. International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: Final Report, http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbr/frbr_2008.pdf (accessed May 12, 2012); Glenn E. Patton, ed. Functional Requirements for Authority Data—A Conceptual Model (München: K.G. Saur, 2009), http://www.ifla.org/publications/ifla-series-on-bibliographic-control-34 (accessed May 12, 2012); International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions, Functional Requirements for Subject Authority Data (FRSAD)—A Conceptual Model, http://www.ifla.org/files/classification-and-indexing/functional-requirements-for-subject-authority-data/frsad-final-report.pdf (accessed May 12, 2012). 2. International Council on Archives, “ISAD(G): General International Standard Archival Description—Second edition,” International Council on Archives, http://www.ica.org/10207/standards/isadg-general-international-standard-archival-description-second-edition.html (accessed May 15, 2012); International Council on Archives, “ISAAR (CPF): International Standard Archival Authority Record for Corporate Bodies, Persons and Families, 2nd Edition,” International Council on Archives, http://www.ica.org/10203/standards/isaar-cpf-international-standard-archival-authority-record-for-corporate-bodies-persons-and-families-2nd-edition.html (accessed May 15, 2012); International Council on Archives, “ISDF: International Standard for Describing Functions,” International Council on Archives, http://www.ica.org/10208/standards/isdf-international-standard-for-describing-functions.html (accessed May 15, 2012). 3. Francoise Leresche, “Libraries and Archives: Sharing Standards to Facilitate Access to Cultural Heritage,” http://archive.ifla.org/IV/ifla74/papers/156-Leresche-trans-en.pdf (accessed November 1, 2012): 6. 4. FRBR, 21–22, 29. 5. Lina Bountouri and Manolis Gergatsoulis, “The Semantic Mapping of Archival Metadata to the CIDOC CRM Ontology,” Journal of Archival Organization 9, nos. 3–4 (2011): 174–207. 6. Patrick LeBoeuf, “Modeling Unique and Rare Documents: Using FRBRoo/CIDOC CRM,” Journal of Archival Organization 10, no. 2 (2012): 96–106. 7. This appears to be the approach of the IFLA Working Group on Aggregates, which has thus far determined not to address aggregates such as archival fonds or rare book collections. See Working Group on Aggregates, Final Report of the Working Group on Aggregates, International Federation of Library Associations, http://www.ifla.org/files/cataloguing/frbrrg/AggregatesFinalReport.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012): 3. 8. Deborah J. Leslie, “New Trends in Cataloging Rare and Special Materials,” Library Trends 52, no. 1 (Summer 2003): 109–111. The development of rare book cataloging rules leading up to the release of DCRM(B) is described in Beth M. Russell's article, “Description and Access in Rare Books Cataloging: A Historical Survey,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 35, nos. 3–4 (2003): 491–523. She traces the development of the first specialized cataloging, Bibliographic Description of Rare Books: Rules Formulated Under AACR2 and ISBD(A) for the Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Books and Other Special Printed Materials (Washington, DC: Library of Congress Office, 1981) (BDRB), to the development of the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edition. Guidelines for rare serials were first included in DCRB, Appendix C. More information on the development and content of DCRM(S) may be found in Juliet McLaren and Jane M. Gillis’ article, “Is This Rule Necessary? A Discussion of New Rules for Rare Serials,” Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2006): 39–52. 9. Association of College and Research Libraries. Rare Books and Manuscripts Section. Bibliographic Standards Committee, Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Books) (Washington, DC: Cataloging Distribution Service, 2007), 11. 10. Association of College and Research Libraries. Rare Books and Manuscripts Section. Bibliographic Standards Committee, Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Serials) (Washington, DC: Cataloging Distribution Service, 2008), 11. 11. American Library Association; Canadian Library Association; Chartered Institute of Library and Information Professionals (Great Britain); Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA, “Introduction,” http://access.rdatoolkit.org (accessed April 23, 2012). 12. Chris Oliver, Introducing RDA: A Guide to the Basics (Chicago, IL: American Library Association, 2010), 1. 13. Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, “Bibliographic Standards Committee DCRM-RDA Task Force,” http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/dcrm/rda/dcrm-rda.html (accessed April 23, 2012). 14. Program for Cooperative Cataloging, “PCC RDA BIBCO Standard Record (BSR) Metadata Application Profile,” November 8, 2012 revision, Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/aba/pcc/scs/documents/PCC-RDA-BSR.pdf (accessed November 1, 2012). 15. Like BDRB, APPM was first released in 1983 in reaction to the publication of AACR2. As in the rare books community, archivists felt that the provisions of chapter 4 of AACR2 were insufficient, and determined to prepare their own specialized manual. See Steven L. Hensen, Archives, Personal Papers, and Manuscripts: A Cataloging Manual for Archival Repositories, Historical Societies, and Manuscript Libraries, 2nd edition (Chicago: Society of American Archivists, 1989), v; and Steven L. Hensen, “Squaring the Circle: The Reformation of Archival Description in AACR2,” Library Trends 36 (Winter 1988): 539–552. 16. Society of American Archives, “Describing Archives: A Content Standard,” Society of American Archivists, http://www.archivists.org/governance/standards/dacs.asp (accessed April 23, 2012). The full standard is available online at http://files.archivists.org/pubs/DACS-2007.pdf (accessed January 3, 2013). 17. The conceptual differences between rare book and archival cataloging have been addressed recently in two articles in RBM, the journal of the Rare Books and Manuscripts Section of the American Library Association: Margaret F. Nichols, “The Cataloger and the Archivist Should be Friends: or, Herding vs. Milking Special Collections,” RBM 12, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 25–33; and Katherine M. Wisser, “Archival Cataloging and the Archival Sensibility,” RBM 12, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 34–40. 18. Library of Congress, “MARC21 Format for Bibliographic Data: Introduction,” Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/marc/bibliographic/bdintro.html (accessed April 23, 2012). 19. Library of Congress, “MARC21 Format for Authority Data: Introduction,” Library of Congress, http://www.loc.gov/marc/authority/adintro.html (accessed April 23, 2012). 20. Richard Pearce-Moses, A Glossary of Archival and Records Terminology (Chicago, IL: Society of American Archivists, 2005), http://www.archivists.org/glossary/term_details.asp?DefinitionKey=1636 (accessed April 23, 2012). 21. Society of American Archivists, “ : Encoded Archival Context—Corporate Bodies, Persons, Families,” Society of American Archivists, http://eac.staatsbibliothek-berlin.de/ (accessed April 23, 2012). 22. Elisabeth Betz Parker, Graphic Materials: Rules for Describing Original Items and Historical Collections (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1997), http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/gm/GraMatWP8.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012). 23. Bibliographic Standards Committee, “DCRM(G): Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Graphics),” Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/dcrm/dcrmg/dcrmg.html (accessed May 15, 2012). 24. Richard Smiraglia, Describing Music Materials: A Manual for Descriptive Cataloging of Printed and Recorded Music, Music Videos, and Archival Music Collections for Use with AACR2 and APPM, 3rd ed. (Lake Crystal, MN: Soldier Creek Press, 1997), https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/smiragli/www/dmm3.pdf (accessed May 15, 2012). 25. Bibliographic Standards Committee, “DCRM(M): Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Music),” Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/dcrm/dcrmm/dcrmm.shtml (accessed May 15, 2012). 26. Anglo-American Cataloguing Committee, Cartographic Materials: A Manual for Interpretation of AACR2 (Chicago: American Library Association, 1982). 27. Bibliographic Standards Committee, “DCRM(C): Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Cartographic),” Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/dcrm/dcrmc/dcrmc.html (accessed May 15, 2012). 28. Wendy White-Hensen, Archival Moving Image Materials: A Cataloging Manual (Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1984). 29. Gregory A. Pass, Descriptive Cataloging of Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance, and Early Modern Manuscripts (Chicago: American Library Association, 2003). 30. Bibliographic Standards Committee, “DCRM(MSS): Descriptive Cataloging of Rare Materials (Manuscripts),” Rare Books and Manuscripts Section, Association of College and Research Libraries, http://www.rbms.info/committees/bibliographic_standards/dcrm/dcrmmss/dcrmmss.html (accessed May 15, 2012). 31. Marshall Breeding, “Automation Marketplace 2012: Agents of Change,” Library Journal, The Digital Shift, http://www.thedigitalshift.com/2012/03/ils/automation-marketplace-2012-agents-of-change/ (accessed May 15, 2012). 32. Lisa Spiro, “Archival Management Software: A Report for the Council on Library and Information Resources,” Council on Library and Information Resources, http://www.clir.org/pubs/reports/spiro (accessed May 15, 2012). 33. J. Gordon Daines III and Cory L. Nimer, “Re-Imagining Archival Display: Creating User-Friendly Finding Aids,” Journal of Archival Organization 9, no. 1 (2011): 4–31. 34. OCLC, “WorldCat,” OCLC, http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/ (accessed May 15, 2012). 35. Online Archive of California, “Online Archive of California,” California Digital Library, http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ (accessed May 15, 2012); and Northwest Digital Archives, “Northwest Digital Archives,” Orbis Cascade Alliance, http://nwda.orbiscascade.org/ (accessed May 15, 2012). 36. OCLC, “ArchiveGrid—Open the Door to History,” OCLC, http://www.archivegrid.org/ (accessed May 15, 2012). 37. Social Networks and Archival Context Project, “SNAC: Prototype,” University of Virginia, http://socialarchive.iath.virginia.edu/prototype.html (accessed May 15, 2012). 38. OCLC, “Searching Tips for OCLC Z39.50 Authorities,” OCLC, http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/z3950/searchauthorities/default.htm#entityattribute (accessed May 15, 2012); OCLC, “WorldCat Identities,” OCLC, http://www.worldcat.org/identities/ (accessed May 15, 2012). 39. The BYU finding aids database can be accessed at http://findingaid.lib.byu.edu/ (accessed October 19, 2012). 40. ScholarSearch can be accessed at http://lib.byu.edu/ (accessed October 19, 2012). 41. The Mountain West Digital Libraries finding aids portal can be accessed at http://mwdl.org/ead_portal.php (accessed October 19, 2012).