Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

China vs. the Western Campaign for Iran Sanctions

2010; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 33; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0163660x.2010.492344

1530-9177

Willem van Kemenade,

Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton repeatedly advocated “crippling” sanctions during her first year in office. See Jeremy R. Hammond, “Clinton Says Iran Policy Goal to Gain Support for “Crippling Sanctions”,” Foreign Policy Journal, April 23, 2009, http://www.foreignpolicyjournal.com/2009/04/23/clinton-says-iran-policy-goal-to-gain-support-for-“crippling-sanctions”/. As European and other governments, such as Brazil, were uncomfortable with this glossary, Clinton soft-pedaled since early 2010 and emphasized that sanctions should target the hard core of the Iranian regime and not the Iranian people. President Nicolas Sarkozy's catchword was “massive” sanctions. See “French Atomic Pique,” Wall Street Journal, September 29, 2009, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704471504574441402775482322.html. 2. See Charles Levinson, “Israel Weighs Merits of Solo Attack on Iran,” Wall Street Journal, April 21, 2010, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703757504575194223689622084.html. 3. See Willem van Kemenade, “Iran's Relations with China and the West: Cooperation and Confrontation in Asia,” November 2009, pp. 82–85, http://www.clingendael.nl/publications/2009/20091100_cdsp_paper_kemenade_iran.pdf. 4. UN Security Council 1696, SC/8792, July 31, 2006, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8792.doc.htm. 5. UN Security Council 1737, SC/8928, December 23, 2006, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2006/sc8928.doc.htm. 6. UN Security Council 1747, SC/8980, March 24, 2007, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc8980.doc.htm. 7. UN Security Council 1747, SC/8980, March 24, 2007, http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/sc8980.doc.htm. 8. See David E. Sanger and Helene Cooper, “U.S. and Allies Warn Iran Over Nuclear ‘Deception’,” New York Times, September 26, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/26/world/middleeast/26nuke.html, 9. David E. Sanger and William J. Broad, “U.S. to Demand Inspection of New Iran Plant Within Weeks,” New York Times, September 27, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/27/world/middleeast/27nuke.html. 10. Javier Blas, Carola Hoyos, and Daniel Dombey, “Beijing Supplies Petrol to Iran,” Financial Times, September 22, 2009, http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b858ace8-a7a4-11de-b0ee-00144feabdc0.html?SID=google. 11. Li Qinggong, “Afghan Peace Needs a Map,” China Daily, September 28, 2009, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2009-09/28/content_8743470.htm. 12. John Pomfret and Joby Warrick, “China's Backing on Iran Followed Dire Predictions,” Washington Post, November 26, 2009, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/11/25/AR2009112504112.html. 13. Helene Cooper, “China Holds Firm on Major Issues in Obama's Visit,” New York Times, November 17, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/18/world/asia/18prexy.html. 14. See Seymour M. Hersh, “Last Stand, The Military's Problem with the President's Iran Policy,” New Yorker, July 10, 2006, http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2006/07/10/060710fa_fact. 15. Office of the Director of National Intelligence, National Intelligence Estimate, “Iran: Nuclear Intentions and Capabilities,” November 2007, p. 6, http://www.dni.gov/press_releases/20071203_release.pdf. 16. See David E. Sanger, “U.S. Rejected Aid for Israeli Raid on Iranian Nuclear Site,” New York Times, January 11, 2009, http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/11/washington/11iran.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all. It was reported in various media that Israel and Saudi Arabia reached an agreement over possible Israeli flights through Saudi airspace on the way to attacking Iran. The British intelligence chief allegedly mediated the talks between Israeli and Saudi intelligence. A similar report later claimed that the Saudis had agreed to look the other way if Israeli fighter jets flew overhead on such a mission. See Frida Ghitis, “Israel Reassured by New Iran Developments,” World Politics Review, October 1, 2009. 17. “Israel to Push China on Iran Issue,” Global Times, February 22, 2010, http://world.globaltimes.cn/mid-east/2010-02/506916.html. 18. Li Xiaokun, Cheng Guangjin, and Tan Yingzi, “Israel Seeks China's Support Over Iran,” China Daily, February 23, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/world/2010-02/23/content_9486108.htm. 19. Barak Ravid, “Israel Shows China Evidence of Iranian Bomb Program,” Haaretz, March 1, 2010, http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1153047.html. 20. International Atomic Energy Agency, “Implementation of the NPT Safeguards Agreement and Relevant provisions of Security Council resolutions 1737 (2006), 1747 (2007), 1803 (2008) and 1835 (2008) in the Islamic Republic of Iran, “ GOV/2010/10, February 18, 2010, p. 9, http://www.iaea.org/Publications/Documents/Board/2010/gov2010-10.pdf. 21. See Ravid, “Israel Shows China Evidence of Iranian Bomb Program.” 22. Huang Xiangyang, “Get Back when attacked”, China Daily, January 31, 2010. http://languagetips.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2010-01/31/content_9403410.htm. 23. See John W. Garver, China and Iran: Ancient Partners in a Post-Imperial World (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2006), pp. 224-226. 24. “For Peace in Iran,” China Daily, June 18, 2009, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2009-06/18/content_8296115.htm. 25. Azar Gat, “The Return of Authoritarian Great Powers,” Foreign Affairs 86, no. 4 (August/September 2007), pp. 59–69. 26. “Decision Time for China on Iran,” Global Times, February 11, 2010, http://china.globaltimes.cn/diplomacy/2010-02/505215.html. 27. Yang Guang, interview by author, Beijing, March 12, 2010. 28. See Trita Parsi, Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), pp. 243–247. 29. See Trita Parsi, Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2007), p. 248. 30. Hua Liming, “Iran offers US a Learning Experience,” China Daily, March 2, 2010, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2010-03/02/content_9523057.htm. 31. Daniel Dombey, “Beijing Agrees to Talk on Iran Sanctions,” Financial Times, March 31, 2010. 32. See Liu Dong, “UNSC Draws Up Iran Sanctions,” Global Times, April 16, 2010, http://world.globaltimes.cn/mid-east/2010-04/522752.html and Blas, Hoyos, and Dombey, “Beijing Supplies Petrol to Iran.” 33. See Daniel Dombey, “Challenge for Clinton in Bid to Tame Tehran,” Financial Times, April 18, 2010. 34. Liu, “UNSC Draws Up Iran Sanctions.” Additional informationNotes on contributorsWillem van KemenadeWillem van Kemenade is a China analyst, based in Beijing, and a Visiting Senior Fellow at Clingendael, the Netherlands Institute of International Relations, in The Hague. His latest book is Iran's Relations with China and the West: Cooperation and Confrontation in Asia (Clingendael, November 2009)