Stockholm Olympics at the Movies
2014; Routledge; Volume: 31; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/09523367.2014.884076
ISSN1743-9035
Autores Tópico(s)Sports Analytics and Performance
ResumoAbstractThis article is a contribution to the special issue on the Olympic Games in Stockholm in 1912 commissioned by Christian Widholm. The text discusses the 1912 Olympics as a major media event with a special focus on the production, distribution and reception of moving picturesKeywords:: Olympic GamesStockholm1912moving picturesPathé Frères Notes 1. ‘Utan biograffilmen skulle den stora allmänheten inte få se så värst mycket av de celebra idrottstävlingarna och de champions som i vårt sköna stadion förvåna häpna åskådare med sina prestationer’, Signature Rigo, “Spelen i levande bilder på alla länders biografer,” Afton-Tidningen, June 28, 1912, 1 (author's translation). 2. Ranging from 10 crowns for a seat in the stand for half-day events like the marathon race to 1 crown for a standing ticket for most half days. 3. Signature Rigo, “Spelen i levande bilder.” 4.CitationWidholm, Iscensättandet av Solskensolympiaden, 17, 126. 5.CitationBergvall, V Olympiaden, 237, 253. 6.CitationJönsson, Vägledning Till Solskensolympiaden, 235. For a discussion about the photographic and the cinematographic rights, see ibid., 235–239. 7. Pathé's offer was 10 öre (100 öre is equivalent to 1 Swedish crown) per meter sold or rented out in Sweden and Norway, and additionally 10% of the amount received for sales of film copies or negatives abroad. See letter to Olympiska Spelens Organisationskommitté, April 6, 1911, from Siegmund Popert, the director of Pathé Frères Filial Stockholm; letter to du Rietz, representative for the Warwick Trading Company, May 1, 1911, signed by A.J. Ellis; and letter to Olympiska Spelens Kommitté, June 28, 1911, from du Rietz. Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, FIV, Kinematografering, Riksarkivet (Swedish National Archives). 8. Letter to Organisationskommittén för Olympiska Spelen i Stockholm, August 19, 1911, from Reklam och upplysningskommittén, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet; Jönsson, Vägledning Till Solskensolympiaden, 235. 9. In a letter to K. Hellström, May 24, 1911, P.L. Fisher from The Amateur Athletic Association suggests that £500 would be a reasonable figure. See also, the letter to P.L. Fisher, May 17, 1911, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.10.CitationDahlén, Sport och medier, 137.11. For a discussion on fight pictures and their important role in the development of modern sports and media, see CitationStreible, Fight Pictures.12. See, for example, letter to Kristian Hellström, Secretary at the Sweden Olympic Committee, July 7, 1911, from James E. Sullivan, Secretary of the American Committee of the Olympic Games, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.13. Letter to Rev. R.S. De Courcy Laffan, British Olympic Association, September 25, 1911, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet. Unsigned, “The £8,000 Fight: Promoter's Offer Declined,” Daily Mail, September 23, 1911.14. Letter to the Swedish Olympic Committee, June 21, 1911, from Sp. Lambros, Le Secrétaire Général of des Jeux Olympiques Athènes, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet. The intercalated games of 1906 was at the time referred to as the Second International Olympic Games by the International Olympic Committee, but it is not recognised today.15. Letter to Olympiska Spelen Stockholm, June 6, 1911, from the British Olympic Association; and letter to Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm, November 27, 1911, signed by Rev. R.S. De Courcy Laffan, British Olympic Association, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.16. Letter to Kristian Hellström, Secretary of Sweden Olympic Committee, July 7 and August 4, 1911, from James E. Sullivan, Secretary of the American Committee of the Olympic Games. How the cinematographic rights in St Louis was handled is not clarified in this correspondence, even though Sullivan contacted Mr F.J.V. Skliff, the director of the games. It seems, however, that the cinematographic rights were not strictly regulated, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.17. See, for example, letter to Organisationskommittén för Olympiska Spelen, October 9, 1911, signed by Emil Wick, Fäkt-kommittén, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.18. Unsigned, “Biografrätten vid olympiaden,” Svenska Dagbladet, September 28, 1911. Letter to Frits af Sandeberg, October 4, 1911, from Kristian Hellström, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.19. See a list of film firms contacted at Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.20.The Kinematograph and Lantern Weekly, Editorial, December 2, 1911.21. Letter to the Swedish Olympic Committee, February 19, 1912 and March 27, 1912, from Eberhard Schneider, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.22. Letters to Kommittén för Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm, March 6 and March 12, 1912, signed by Carl Bruhn, The International Press Association; letter to The International Press Association, April 16, 1912; and letter to Olympiska Spelen, Stockholm, April 26, 1912, signed by Carl Bruhn, The International Press Association, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.23. The letters were written in English, French and German, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.24. Letter to The Fifth Olympiad, Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912, May 22, 1912, from J. Welsh, Secretary at the Gaumont Co. London, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.25. Contract between Organisationskommittén and AB Svensk-Amerikanska filmkompaniet, May 31, 1912, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet. See, for example, advertisement in Stockholms-Tidningen, June 3, 1912 (Monday), 1.26. Letter to AB Svensk-Amerikanska Filmkompaniet, December 14, 1912, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.27. Jönsson, Vägledning Till Solskensolympiaden, 238.28. Signature Rigo, “Spelen i levande bilder.”29. “Sex fotograferade fotografer,” Aftonbladet, June 28, 1912 (Friday), 6.30. Ibid.; see also, Signature Rigo, “Spelen i levande bilder.”31. Letter to Olympiska spelens organisationskommitté, April 6, 1911, from Pathé Frères' Stockholm branch; letter to Popert, at Pathé Frères, April 7, 1911; and letter to J.A. Lymar, Nordisk Resebyrå, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.32. Letter to Frits af Sandberg, April 30, 1911, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.33. Rapport du conseil d'administration, 1907–1908, 16, Collection Pathé, Paris.34. For further discussion of Pathé Frères' Swedish branch, see CitationDahlquist, “Global Versus Local.”35.Moving Picture World, February 28, 1914, 1058. See also “Pathé Announces New Program,” Motion Picture News, January 16, 1915, 27.36. Letter to Kommittén för olympiska spelen, May 30, 1911, from Aktiebolaget Svenska Biografteatern, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.37. “Pathé Séance du Conseil,” 1910, Collection Pathé, Paris.38. Bousquet, Catalogue Pathé des années 1896 à 1914. 1896 à 1906, 938.39. Bousquet, Catalogue Pathé des années 1896 à 1914. 1907–1908–1909, 121.40. Åsbrink, Official Guide to the Olympic Games, 1. The official guide was otherwise printed in five languages: Swedish, English, German, French and Russian. See also, an advertisement in Dagens Nyheter, June 26, 1912 (Wednesday) and July 2, 1912 (Tuesday), 11.41. Letter to Olympiska Spelens Organisationskommité, February 9, 1912, from Axel Lilja at Olympiska spelens kommitté för förströelse, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet; Unsigned, “Biografrätten vid olympiaden,” Svenska Dagbladet, September 28, 1911. During the Olympic Games, the bilingual newspaper Olympiska spelens tidning or The Olympic News: Official Organ of the Swedish Olympic Committees was published daily. The newspaper was jointly published by the three leading sport newspapers in Sweden: Nordiskt idrottslif, Idrottsbladet and Ny Tidning för idrott. Also, the liberal Stockholms-Tidningen, the largest newspaper in Stockholm at this time with a circulation of 130,000, had a special illustrated supplement on the Olympic Games.42.Stockholms-Tidningen, June 3, 1912 (Monday), 1; Afton-Tidningen, June 3, 1912 (Monday), 2.43. Letter to Organisationskommittén för Olympiska Spelen i Stockholm, November 20 and November 30, 1911, signed by Axel Lindman, Sveriges Centralförening för idrottens främjande; letter to Siegmund Popert, Pathé Frères, November 22, 1911, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.44. For example, review of the moving pictures depicting the opening ceremony of Stockholm Stadion: “William,” “Biografronden,” Afton-Tidningen, June 5, 1912 (Wednesday), 5. Also see Afton-Tidningen, July 17, 1912.45.Dagens Nyheter, July 2, 1912 (Tuesday), 10.46. At least 9–15 July. See Stockholms-Tidningen, July 9 (Tuesday) to July 15, 1912, 1.47. See, for example, advertisement in Stockholms-Tidningen, July 22, 1912 (Monday) and July 23, 1912 (Tuesday), 1.48. See, for example, advertisement in Stockholms-Tidningen, July 30, 1912 (Tuesday) and August 9, 1912 (Friday), 1.49. See, for example, Stockholms-Tidningen, June 4, 1912 (Tuesday), 1; Afton-Tidningen, 6 May, 1912 (Monday) and June 17, 1912 (Monday), 3. For a short review of the title showing German athletes training for the Olympic Games, see “William,” “Biografronden,” Afton-Tidningen, May 15, 1912 (Wednesday), 4.50. See, for example, Afton-Tidningen, June 10, 1912 (Monday), 2.51. See, for example, advertisement and “På uppdrag av Olympiska träningskommittén,” Afton-Tidningen, May 15, 1912 (Wednesday), 3; and Afton-Tidningen, May 18, 1912 (Saturday), 2.52. “Stockholms Stadion på invigningsdagen,” Afton-Tidningen, June 1, 1912 (Saturday), 1.53. For a report of the commercial work done in connection to the Stockholm Olympics, see Bergvall, V Olympiaden, 263.54. The marketing of the games was made in close collaboration with Swedish tourism organisations (especially Svenska Turistföreningen and Svenska Turisttrafikförbundet); ibid., 254–6.55. Letter to the Committee of the Olympic Games in Stockholm, January 24, 1912, Signed by C.H. Robertson from the General Committee of the Young Men's Christian Associations of China and Korea, Stockholmsolympiaden 1912, Riksarkivet.56. Unfortunately there are no detailed description of these titles in the catalogue. See Bousquet, Catalogue Pathé des années 1896 à 1914. 1912–1913–1914, 578, 589.Additional informationNotes on contributorsMarina DahlquistMarina Dahlquist is an associate professor of Cinema Studies at the Stockholm University.
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