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Elevated level of serum growth differentiation factor 15 is associated with oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma

2013; Wiley; Volume: 43; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/jop.12091

1600-0714

Chengzhe Yang, Jie Ma, Qing‐Qiong Luo, David M. Neskey, Dongwang Zhu, Ying Liu, Jeffrey N. Myers, Chenping Zhang, Zhiyuan Zhang, Lai‐ping Zhong,

Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis

Background Although molecular mechanism of growth differentiation factor 15 ( GDF 15) in tumorigenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma ( OSCC ) is not clear, the diagnostic and prognostic value of serum GDF 15 detection has been noticed. However, serum GDF 15 levels in patients with oral leukoplakia and GDF 15 as a potential predictive biomarker for response to induction chemotherapy in patients with OSCC have not been reported. Methods Pretreatment serum GDF 15 concentration was detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay in 30 healthy persons, 24 patients with oral leukoplakia, and 60 patients with OSCC . Results Serum GDF 15 concentration was significantly higher in patients with oral leukoplakia and OSCC , compared with healthy controls ( F = 13.701, df = 2, P < 0.001). From a diagnostic standpoint, a cutoff value of 346.9 ng/l of serum GDF 15 concentration was calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve, with a sensitivity of 0.750, specificity of 0.867, Y ouden's I ndex of 0.617, and area under curve of 0.863. From a prognostic standpoint, patients with serum GDF 15 concentration <346.9 ng/l had an improved 3‐year disease‐free survival rate (64.3% vs 56.5%) compared with those above 346.9 ng/l, but the difference was not statistically significant. A decreased concentration of GDF 15 (<346.9 ng/l) showed a predictive trend toward an improved response to induction chemotherapy compared with elevated concentration with clinical response rates of 100% and 71.4%, respectively, but the difference was not significant. Conclusion Elevated GDF 15 level may be not only a diagnostic biomarker for oral leukoplakia, but also a prognostic/predictive biomarker associated with decreased survival and diminished response to induction chemotherapy for patients with OSCC .