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Complex Emergencies and the Crisis of Developmentalism

1994; Wiley; Volume: 25; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.x

1759-5436

Mark Duffield,

Political Conflict and Governance

IDS BulletinVolume 25, Issue 4 p. 37-45 Complex Emergencies and the Crisis of Developmentalism Mark Duffield, Mark DuffieldSearch for more papers by this author Mark Duffield, Mark DuffieldSearch for more papers by this author First published: October 1994 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1994.mp25004006.xCitations: 11AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Summary This article takes complex emergencies and the humanitarian response to them as its point of reference. It provides a critique of relief, development and the linking debate. Rather than being autonomous, relief is a developmental idea. However, development concepts have proven incapable of explaining permanent emergency. They also underestimate the extent of the North's institutional accommodation with unresolved political crisis in the South. Beginning with non-mandated NGO operations, there has been a growing acknowledgement of the inevitability of working in conflict situations. Moreover, accompanying the growth in emergency spending, the number of options available to donors has increased. Aid is now integrated with the dynamics of violence to an unprecedented extent. Greater donor flexibility in the face of systemic crisis has also contributed to a weakening of the principle of collective responsibility in the North. A new political consensus and innovative ways of working with protracted crisis are required to tackle the problem of complex emergencies. Resumé Les états d'urgence complexes et la crise du développementalisme Comme point de référence, le présent article adopte les états d'urgence complexes et la réponse humanitaire qui en découle; l'article présente une critique de l'aide d'urgence, du développement, et du débat concernant les liens entre ces urgences et les réponses y apportées. Loin d'être autonome, l'idée même de l'aide d'urgence appartient au domaine développemental. Toutefois, les concepts issus du developpement se sont révélés incapables d'expliquer la permanence de ces urgences. Par ailleurs ces concepts sous-estiment l'étendue des compromis des institutions dans le Nord vis-à-vis des crises politiques non résolue dans les pays du Sud. Commençant par les opérations sans mandat des ONG, l'on reconnaît la nécessité de plus en plus inéluctable de travailler dans des situations de conflit. Qui plus est, et en parallèle avec le coût croissant de ces états d'urgence, les options à la disposition des donateurs augmentent en parallèle avec le coût croisssant de ces états d'urgence. Dans un degré sans précédent, l'aide s'intègre dans la dynamique de la violence. De même, la plus grande souplesse dont jouissent les pays donateurs face à la crise dans le système, aurait contribué à l'affaiblissement du principe de la responsabilité collective dans le Nord. Afin de pouvoir commencer à solutionner le problème des états d'urgence complexes, un nouveau consensus politique et de nouvelles approches aux crises prolongées s'imposent. Resumen Emergencias complejas y la crisis del desarrollismo Este artículo toma como punto de referencia las emergencias complejas y la respuesta humanitaria que éstas reciben. Provee una crítica al debate sobre la integración de asistencia y desarrollo. La asistencia es una idea más bien desarrollista que autónoma. Sin embargo, los conceptos desarrollistas no han sido capaces de explicar situaciones de emergencia permanente. También subestiman el nivel de aceptación institucional del Norte con respecto a las crisis políticas sin resolver del Sur. Comenzando por las operaciones no gubernamentales (NGO), ha habido un creciente reconocimiento de que el trabajo debe realizarse, inevitablemente en muchos casos, en situaciones de conflicto. Además, junto al aumento de los gastos de emergencia, aumenta el número de opciones disponibles para los donantes. La ayuda se ve integrada dentro de la dinámica de la violencia hasta un grado nunca visto antes. La mayor flexibilidad de los donantes frente a una crisis sistémica ha contribuido también a debilitar el principio de responsabilidad colectiva en el Norte. En conclusión: para enfrentar el problema de las emergencias complejas, se requiere un nuevo consenso político y formas innovativas de trabajar dentro de situaciones de crisis prolongada. 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