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A Controversy at the Council of Trent Concerning the Doctrine of Duns Scotus

1949; St. Bonaventure University; Volume: 9; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1353/frc.1949.0019

1945-9718

Valens Heynck,

Medieval Philosophy and Theology

A CONTROVERSY AT THE COUNCIL OF TRENT CONCERNING THE DOCTRINE OF DUNS SCOTUS ^JTHE Franciscan Theologians, at the opening session of LU the Council of Trent, outnumbered the other religious. In fact, of the one hundred and four theologians present, thirty-four were Franciscans, constituting one-third of the total number.1 Of this number, fifteen belonged to the Observants , while nineteen were Conventuals.2 If we take into 1.Cfr. Concilium Tridentinum. Diariorum, Actorûm, Epistolarum.Tractatuum Nova Collectio. Edidit Societas Goeresiana, Friburgi, 1901 ff. (Hereafter cited as CT. The Roman number refers to the volume; the two numerals, separated by a comma, denote page and line.) CT, V, 1041 ff. The remaining seventy theologians are divided among the Orders as follows: nine Dominicans, fourteen Augustinians, fifteen Carmelites, nineteen Servîtes, two Jesuits, and eleven diocesan priests. Cfr. A. WaIz1 "GIi inizi Domenicani al Concilio,· in Concilio di Trento 1 (1942-1943) 210-224; idem., "I Domenicani al Termine del primo periodo Tridentino e a Bologna,* 368-376; idem, "I Domenicani alla VI Sessione," 2, (1947) 47-57; idem, "Elenco dei Padri Domenicani nel Concilio di Trento," Angelicum 22 (1945), 31-39; D. Gutierrez, "Los Augustinos en el Concilio di Trento," Ciudad de Dios 158, (1946), 385-499; Lucinio dell SS. Sacramento, "Los Carmelitas en Trento," Verdad y Vida 3, (1945), 174-192; S. Seiger, "Carmelitas in Concilio Tridentino," Analeda Ordinis Carmelitarum 12, (1944), 147-166; J. Brodrick, "The Jesuits at the Council of Trent," Month, 154, (1929), II 513-521; 155 (1930); I 97-108; P. Cherubelli, /Z Contributo degli Ordini Religiosi al Concilio di Trento, Firenze, 1946. 2.CT., V, 1041 ff. The names of the Observants are: Vicentius .Lunellus, Richardus Cenomanus, Johannes Consilii, Alphonsus de Castro, Andreas de Vega, Hieronymus Lombardelhis, Jacobus Maillettusu Thomas Hasan, Ludovicus Vitriarius, Ludovicus Carvaialus, Sylvester de Cremona, Baptista Castilliones, Clemens de Monilia, Melchior Flavus, Franciscus Salazar. The names of the Conventuals are: Franciscus a Pactis, Joannes Antonius Delphinus, Julius Magnanus, Johannes Jacobus Montefalchius, Sigismundus Phaedrius, Petrus Paulus Caporella de Potentia, Franciscus Visdomini, Antonius Frexius, Sebastianus a Castello, Bonaventura de Castro Franco, Laurentius Fulgineus, Johannes Benerius, Ángelus Vigerius, Johannes Baptista Vastinus, Valerius Vicentinus, Hieronymus Girellus, Aloysius Pighisinus, Bernardinus Costacciarius, Philippus Brascus. Cfr. G. Pou y Marti, "I Frati Minori nel Primo Periodo del Concilio 1545-1547," in Concilio di Trento, 1 (1942-1943) 201-209; G .Odoardi, "I Francescani Minori Conventuali al Concilio di Trente," loc. cit., 298-311; B. Oromi, "Los Franciscanos Españoles en el Concilio de Trento," Verdad y Vida, 3 (1945), 3*45; 99-117; 275-324; 682-728; 4 (1946) 87-108; 301-318; Fr. Sarri, in 181 182COUNCIL OF TRENT consideration some of the other sessions, the number is even higher. For example, in the session devoted to the decree on justification, considered universally to be one of the brilliant achievements of the Council,3 there were eight secular priests, seven Dominicans, four Carmelites, four Augustinians, two Jesuits, one Servite, and twenty-nine Franciscans.4 Not all of these religious, however, were entitled to a vote in the Council. There were four Franciscan Bishops, three of the Observant and one of the Conventual branch; in addition, the Generals of the Observants and the Conventuals had a seat and also a vote in the proceedings.5 Although a large number of Franciscans attended the Council and took an active part in the proceedings, nevertheless , a doubt arises in regard to their doctrinal position. The solution of this doubt will serve to clarify many obscurities in the history of sacred theology and of the Franciscan Order itself. Did the Friars, present in such imposing numbers, act as one compact group? Are we justified in speaking of a united Franciscan School at the Council of Trent? And if the Franciscans were united, did they follow "Cherubelli, Il Contributo" 245-290; G.M. Palatucci, "Cherubelli, Il Contributo" 97-132. At the later sessions theologians of the Capuchin Order were also present. Cfr. P. da Casacalenda, "I Cappuzzini nel Concilio di Trento," Collectanea Franciscana 3 (1933) 396-409; Ilarino da Milano, "Cherubelli, Il Contributo " 207-243. 3.Cfr. S. Merkle, "Die weltgeschichtliche Bedeutung des Trienter Konzils," in: Görresgesellschaft, Zweite Vereinsschrift...