GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE HUDSON ESTUARY
1974; Wiley; Volume: 250; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43894.x
ISSN1749-6632
Autores Tópico(s)Botany, Ecology, and Taxonomy Studies
ResumoAnnals of the New York Academy of SciencesVolume 250, Issue 1 p. 5-38 GEOMORPHOLOGY OF THE HUDSON ESTUARY John E. Sanders, John E. Sanders Department of Geology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027Search for more papers by this author John E. Sanders, John E. Sanders Department of Geology, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1974.tb43894.xCitations: 5AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Reference 1 Fenneman, N. M. 1938. Physiography of eastern United States. McGraw-Hill Book Co. New York , N.Y . 2 Thornbury, W. D. 1965. Regional geomorphology of the United States. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N.Y . 3 Darton, N. H. 1894. Geologic relations from Green Pond, N.J. to Skunnemunk Mountain, N.Y. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 5; 367–394. 4 Darton, N. H. 1896. On the area of Upper Silurian rocks near Cornwall Station, eastern-central Orange County, New York. Amer. J. Sci. (3rd Ser.) 31: 209–216. 5 Gordon, C. E. 1911. Geology of the Poughkeepsie quadrangle. New York State Mus. Science Serv. Bull. 148. 6 Holzwasser, F. 1926. Geology of the Newburgh quadrangle. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 270. 7 Ruedemann, R. 1942. Geology of the Catskill and Kaaterskill quadrangles. Part I: Cambrian and Ordorician geology of the Catskill quadrangle. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 331. 8 Offield, T. W. 1967. Bedrock geology of the Goshen-Greenwood Lake Area, New York State Mus. Sci. Serv. Map and Chart (Ser. 9). 9 Finks, R. M. 1968. Taconian Islands and the shores of Appalachia, Trip E. Guide Book to Field Excursions: Flushing, New York. R. M. Finks, Ed.: 117–153. New York State Geol. Assoc. 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College , N. Y. 10 Sanders, J. E. 1969. Trip 19, Bedding thrusts and other structural features in cross section through “Little Mountains” along Catskill Creek (Austin Glen and Leeds Gorge), West of Catskill, New York. New England Intercollegiate Geol. Conf. 61st Ann. Mtg. J. M. Bird, Ed.: 191–1938. State University of New York at Albany. Albany , N. Y. 11 Rodgers, J. 1970. The Tectonics of the Appalachians. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N. Y. 12 Drake, A. A., Jr. 1969. Precambrian and Lower Paleozoic geology of the Delaware Valley, New Jersey-Pennsylvania, In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 51–131. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg.. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 13 Drake, A. L., Jr. 1970. Structural geology of the Reading Prong. In Studies in Appalachian Geology-The Central and Southern Appalachians. G. W. Fisher, F. J. Pettijohn, J. C. Reed & K. N. Weaver, Eds.: 271–291. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N. Y. 14 Henderson, J. R., G. E. Andreasen, & A. J. Petty. 1966. Aeromagnetic map of northern New Jersey and adjacent parts of New York and Pennsylvania. U. S. Geol. Survey Geophys. In. Map GP-562. 15 Berkey, C. P. & M. Rice, 1921. Geology of the West Point quadrangle, New York. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 225–226. 16 Lowe, K. E. 1950. Storm King granite at Bear Mountain, New York. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 6; 137–190. 17 Prucha, J. J. 1956. Stratigraphic relationships of the metamorphic rocks in southeastern New York. Amer. J. Sci. 254: 672–684. 18 Dodd, R. T. 1965. Precambrian geology of the Popolopen Lake Quadrangle, southeastern New York, N. Y. State Mus. Science Serv. Map and Chart 6. 19 Ratcliffe, N. M. 1968. Stratigraphic and structural relations along the western border of the Cortlandt intorsives. In Guidebook to Field Excursions. R. M. Finks, Ed.: 197–220. State Geol. Assoc . 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College, N. Y. 20 Ratcliffe, N. M. 1968. Contact relations of the Cortlandt complex at Stony Point, New York, and their regional implications. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 79; 777–786. 21 Ratcliffe, N. M., R. L. Armstrong, B. H.-T. Chai, R. G. Senechal. 1972. K-Ar and Rb-Sr geochronology of the Canopus pluton, Hudson Highlands, New York. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 83; 523–530. 22 Bayley, W. S. 1914. The Precambrian sedimentary rocks in the Highlands of New Jersey. 12th Int. Geol. Congress Toronto, 1913, Complete Records: 325–334. 23 Hague, J. M., J. L. Baum, J. A. Herman & R. J. Pickering. 1956. Geology and structure of the Franklin, Sterling area, New Jersey. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 67: 453–474. 24 Smith, B. L. 1969. The Precambrian geology of the central and northeastern parts of the New Jersey Highlands. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 35–47. Geol. Soc. Amer. 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 25 Baker, D. R. & A. F. Buddington. 1970. Geology and magnetite deposits of the Franklin quadrangle and part of the Hamburg quadrangle, New Jersey. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 638. 26 Young, D. A. 1971. Precambrian rocks of the Lake Hopatcong area, New Jersey. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 82: 143–158. 27 Isachsen, Y. W. 1964. Extent and configuration of the Precambrian in northeastern United States. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (Ser. 2) 26: 812–829. 28 Schuberth, C. J. 1968. The geology of New York City and environs-An illustrated guide to the geologic evolution of the metropolitan area, including eight detailed itineraries of regional field trips. Natural History Press, Garden City , N. Y. 29 Merrill, F. J. H., N. H. Darton, A. Hollick, R. D. Salisbur, R. E. Dodge, B. Willis & H. A. Pressey. 1902. Description of the New York City district. U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas, New York City Folio 83. 30 Paige, S. 1956. Cambro-Ordorician age of the “Inwood” limestone and “Manhattan” schist near Peekskill, New York. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 67: 391–394. 31 Prucha, J. J. 1956. Geology of the Brewster magnetite district of southeastern New York. N. Y. State Mus. Sci. Serv. Circ. 43. 32 Prucha, J. J. 1959. Field relationships bearing on the age of the New York City Group of the Manhattan Prong. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 80; 1159–1169. 33 Hall, M. 1968. Bedrock geology in the vicinity of White Plains, New York. In Guidebook to Field Trips. R. M. Finks, Ed.: 7–31. New York State Geol. Assoc . 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College, N. Y. 34 Hall, L. M. 1968. Times of origin and deformation of bedrock in the Manhattan Prong. E-an Zen, W. S. White, J. B. Hadley & J. B. Thompson, Jr., In Studies of Appalachian Geology: Northern and maritime (Billings Vol.) Eds.: 117–127. Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York , N. Y. 35 Thompson, H. D. 1959. The Palisades ridge in Rockland County, N. Y.. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 80: 1106–1126. 36 Darton, N. H. 1890. The relations of the traps of the Newark system in the New Jersey region. U. S. Geol. Survey Bull. 67. 37 Kümmel, H. B. 1897. The Newark system of New Jersey. J. Geol. 5: 541–562. 38 Kümmel, H. B. & J. V. Lewis. 1940. The geology of New Jersey. N. J. Geol. Survey Bull. 50. 39 Adams, G. F. 1958. The geology of the Triassic lowland of southeastern New York and northern New Jersey. New York Geological Association Guidebook for 30th Annual Meeting: 27–31. 40 Lowe, K. E. 1959. Structure of the Palisades intrusion at Haverstraw and West Nyack, NY.. Ann. N. Y. Sci. 80: 1127–1139. 41 Savage, E. L. 1968. The Triassic rocks of the Northern Newark Basin. In Guidebook to Field Trips. R. M. Finks, Ed.: 49–68. N. Y. State Geol. Assoc. 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College , N. Y. 42 Van Houten, F. B. 1969. Late Triassic Newark Group, North Central New Jersey and adjacent Pennsylvania and New York. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 314–347. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 43 Sanders, J. E. 1972. Sedimentology and general structure of the northern portion of the Newark basin. In Field trip Guidebook. S. P. Averill, Ed.: 31–314. Nat. Assoc. Geology Teachers Eastern Section. Fairleigh Dickinson University. Rutherford , N. J . 44 Fuller, M. L. 1914. The geology of Long Island, NY.. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 82. 45 Johnson, D. W. 1931. Stream Sculpture on the Atlantic Slope. Columbia University Press. New York , N. Y. 46 Spangler, W. B. & J. J. Peterson. 1950. Geology of the Atlantic Coastal Plain in New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull. 38: 1–99. 47 Oliver, J. A. & C. L. Drake, 1951. Geophysical investigations on the emerged and submerged Atlantic Coastal Plain. Part VI: The Long Island area. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 62: 1287–1296. 48 Johnson, M. E. & H. G. Richards. 1952. Stratigraphy of the coastal plain of New Jersey. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull. 36: 2150–2160. 49 Schlanger, S. O. 1954. Petrology of the Vincetown formation. J. Sedimentary Petrology 24: 212–217. 50 Fox, S. K. & R. K. Olsson Stratigraphy of Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary formations in New Jersey. J. Paleontol. 29. 51 Adams, J. K. 1963. Petrology and origin of the lower Tertiary formation of New Jersey. J. Sedimentary Petrology 33: 587–603. 52 Widmer, K. 1964. The geology and geography of New Jersey. D. J. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. Princetown , N. J . 53 Owens, J. P., J. P. Minard & W. F. Sohl. 1968. Cretaceous deltas in the northern New Jersey Coastal Plain, In Guidebook to Field Trips. R. L. Finks, Ed.: 33–48. N. Y. State Geol. Assoc. 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College, N. Y. 54 Owens, J. P. & N. F. Sohl. 1969. Shelf and deltaic paleoenvironments in the Cretaceous-Tertiary formation of the New Jersey coastal plain. In Geology of selected areas in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania and guidebook of excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 235–278. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 55 Owens, J. P. 1970. Post-Triassic tectonic movements in the central and southern Appalachians as recorded by sediments of the Atlantic Coastal Plain. In Studies in Appalachian Geology: Central and Southern. G. W. Fisher et al., Eds.: 417–427. Interscience Publishers, Inc. New York , N. Y. 56 Isphording, W. C. 1970. Petrology, stratigraphy and re-definition of the Kirkwood Formation (Miocene) of New Jersey. J. Sedimentary Petrology 40: 986–997. 57 Boyer, P. S. 1972. Cretaceous and Tertiary greensands and their fauna, New Jersey coastal plains: Field Trip 5. In Field Trip Guide Book. S. P. Averills, Ed.: 51–522. National Assoc. Geology Teachers, Eastern Section. Fairleigh Dickinson University. Rutherford , N. J . 58 Salisbury, R. D. 1895. Surface geology report of progress. N. J. Geol. Survey Ann. Rep. 1894: 1–149. 59 Salisbury, R. D. 1898. The physical geography of New Jersey. N. J. Geol. Survey Final Rep. State Geologist 4: 1–170. 60 Salisbury, R. D. 1902. The glacial geology of New Jersey:. NJ. Geol. Survey Final Rep. State Geologist 5. 61 Salisbury, R. D. & G. N. Knapp. 1917. The Quaternary formations of southern New Jersey. N. J. Geol. Survey Final Rep. State Geologist 8. 62 Fleming, W. L. S. 1935. Glacial geology of central Long Island. Amer. J. Sci. (5th Ser.) 30: 216–238. 63 MaccClintock, P. & H. G. Richards. 1936. Correlation of late Pleistocene marine and glacial deposits of New Jersey and New York. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 47: 289–338. 64 MacClintock, P. 1954. Leaching of Wisconsin glacial gravels in eastern North America. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 65: 369–384. 65 Donner, J. 1964. Pleistocene geology of eastern Long Island, New York. Amer. J. Sci. 262: 355–376. 66 Muller E. H. 1965. Quaternary geology of New York, In The Quaternary of the United States. H. E. Wright & D. G. Frey, Eds.: 99–102. 7th Congress Intern. Assoc. Quaternary Research Princeton University Press. Princeton , N. J . 67 Schafer, J. P. & J. H. Hartshorn. 1965, The Quaternary of New England. 7th Congress Intern. Assoc. Quaternary Research. H. E. Wright & D. G. Frey, Eds.: 113–125. Princeton University Press. Princeton , N. J . 68 Minard, J. P. & E. C. Rhodehamel. 1969. Quaternary geology of part of northern New Jersey and the Trenton area. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 279–313. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J. 69 Fisher, D. W., Y. W. Isachsen, L. V. Richard, J. G. Broughton & T. W. Offield. 1961. Geologic Map of New York, 1961. New York State Mus. Science Serv. Map and Chart Ser. 5. 70 U. S. Geological Survey 1967. Engineering geology of the northeast corridor, Washington, D.C., to Boston, Massachusetts : U. S. Geol. Survey Misc. Map Inv., Map I-514A, -B, -C. 71 Hobbs, W. H. 1905. Channels surrounding Manhattan Island. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 16: 151–182. 72 Veatch, A. C. 1906. Outlines of the geology of Long Island (N. Y.). In Underground Water Conditions of Long Island. A. C. Veatch et al., Eds.: 15–18. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 44. 73 Kemp, J. F. 1908. Buried channels beneath the Hudson and its tributaries. Amer. J. Sci. (4th Ser.) 26: 301–323. 74 Berkey, C. P. 1911. Geology of the New York City aqueduct. N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 146. 75 Berkey, C. P. 1933. Engineering geology of the city of New York. 16th Intern. Geol. Congress United States. Guidebook 9, New York Excursions: 77–123. 76 Berkey, C. P. 1948. Engineering geology in and near New York. In Guidebook of Excursions. A. Creagh, Ed.: 51–66. Geol. Soc. Amer. 1948 Ann. Mtg. New York , N. Y. 77 Worzel, J. L. & C. L. Drake. 1959. Structure section across the Hudson River at Nyack, NY. from seismic observation. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 80: 1092–1105. 78 Upson, J. E. & C. W. Spencer, 1964. Bedrock valleys of the New England coast as related to fluctuations of sea level. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 454 (M): 1–44. 79 Woollard, G. P. 1943. Geologic correlation of areal gravitational and mangnetic studies in New Jersey and vicinity. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 54: 791–818. 80 Long, L. E. & J. L. Kulp. 1962. Isotopic age study of the metamorphic history of the Manhattan and Reading prongs. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 73: 969–996. 81 Sharp, H. S. 1929. A pre-Newark peneplain and its bearing on the origin of the lower Hudson River. Amer. J. Sci. (5th Ser.) 18: 509–518,. 82 Ratcliffe, N. M. 1970. Ancient strike-slip fault tectonic in the Hudson Highlands and Manhattan Prong. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (Ser. II) 32: 1009–1021. 83 Ratcliffe, N. M. 1971. The Ramapo Fault system in New York and adjacent northern New Jersey: a case of tectonic heredity. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 82: 125–142. 84 Abdel-Monem, A. A. & J. L. Kulp. 1968. Paleogeography and source of sediments of the Triassic Basin, New Jersey, by K-Ar dating. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 79: 1231–1242. 85 Carlston, C. W. 1946. Appalachian drainage and the Highland border sediments of the Newark Series. Geo. Soc. Amer. Bull. 57: 997–1032. 86 Van Houten, F. B. & E. L. Savage. Road log for trip C, the Triassic rocks of the northern Newark Basin. In Guidebook to Field Trips. R. M. Finks, Ed.: 69–100. N. Y. State Geol. Assoc. 40th Ann. Mtg. Queens College, N. Y. 87 Barrell, J. 1915. Central Connecticut in the geologic past. Conn. State Geol. Nat. Hist. Survey Bull. 23 ( 44p). 88 Sanders, J. E. 1960. Structural history of Triassic of the Connecticut Valley belt and its regional implications. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. (Ser. II) 23: 119–132. 89 Renner, G. T. 1927. The physiographic interpretation of the Fall Line. Geog. Rev. 17: 276–286. 90 Sharp, H. S. 1929. The Fall Zone peneplain. Science 69: 544–545. 91 Flint, R. F. 1963. Altitude, lithology, and the Fall Zone in Connecticut. J. Geol. 71: 683–697. 92 Lovegreen, J. R. 1974. Paleodrainage history of the Hudson Estuary. Master's thesis, Columbia University Department of Geology ( 152p). 93 Sanders, J. E. 1965. Sediment-filled deep valleys underlying New Haven, Connecticut, revealed by continuous seismic profiling using sparker and pneumatic sources (abstr.). Trans. Am. Geophys. Union 46: 105. 94 Dryden, A. L., Jr. & C. Dryden. 1960. Atlantic Coastal Plain heavy minerals-a speculative summary. 20th Intern. Geol. Congress, Mexico City, 1956. 95 Tyler, S. A. 1940. Zircon studies in the New Jersey Highlands. Amer. J. Sci. 238: 260–271. 96 Davis, W. M. 1890. The rivers of northern New Jersey, with notes on the classification of rivers in general. Nat. Geog. Mag. 2: 81–110. 97 Clark, W. B. 1894. Origin and classification of the greensands of New Jersey. J. Geol. 2: 161–177. 98 Berry, E. W. 1916. The physical conditions indicated by the flora of the Calvert Formation. U. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 98(F): 61–73. 99 Dorf, E. 1960. Climatic changes of the past and present. Amer. Scientist 48: 341–364. 100 Richards, H. G. & A. Harbison. 1942. Miocene invertebrate fauna of New Jersey. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 94: 167–250. 101 Isphording, W. C. 1970. Late tertiary paleoclimate of eastern United States. Amer. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists Bull. 54: 334–343. 102 Sanders, J. E. & G. M. Friedman. 1969. Position of regional carbonate/noncarbonate boundary in near shore sediments along a coast: Possible climatic indicator. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 80: 1789–1796. 103 Markewicz, F. J. 1969. Ilmenite deposits of the New Jersey Coastal plain. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 363–382. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 104 Gillson, J. L. 1959. Sand deposits of titanium minerals. Am. Inst. Mining Eng. Trans. Min. Eng. Tech. Paper 4799(H): 421–429. 105 Sanders, J. E. & J. H. Kravitz. 1964. Mounting and polishing mineral grains on a microscope slide for study with reflected and polarized light. Econ. Geol. 59: 291–298. 106 Schuchert, C. 1955. Atlas of Paleogeographic Maps of North America. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N. Y. 107 Sanders, J. E. & P. A. Smith. Stratigraphic patterns in Upper Cretaceous and Miocene formations, northeastern Atlantic coastal plain: Implications for geologic history of New England. Unpublished data. 108 Isphording, W. C. & W. Lodding. 1969. Facies changes in sediments of Miocene age in New Jersey. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 7–13. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg.: Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 109 Gager, C. S. 1932. The story of our boulders: Brooklyn Botanical Garden Rec. 21(8): 165–207. 110 Berry, E. W. & A. C. Hawkins. 1933. Flora of the Pensauken Formation in New Jersey. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 46: 245–252. 111 Bowman, J. F. II & W. Lodding. 1969. The Pennsauken Formation-a Pleistocene flurial deposit in New Jersey. In Geology of Selected Areas in New Jersey, and Eastern Pennsylvania and Guidebook of Excursions. S. Subitzky, Ed.: 3–6. Geol. Soc. America 1969 Ann. Mtg. Rutgers University Press. New Brunswick , N. J . 112 Reeds, C. A. 1926. The varved clays at Little Ferry, New Jersey. Amer. Museum Novit. 209. 113 Reeds, C. A. 1927. Glacial lakes and clays near New York City. Nat. Hist. 27(1): 55–64. 114 Reeds, C. A. 1933. The varved clays and other glacial features in the vicinity of New York City. In Guidebook, New York Excursions. New York City and Vicinity. C. P. Berkey, Ed.: 52–63. 16th Intern. Geol. Congress United States. 115 Fairbridge, R. W. 1971. Personal communication. 116 Newman, W. S. & R. W. Fairbridge. 1960. Glacial lakes in Long Island Sound (abstr.). Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull 71: 1936. 117 Salisbury, R. D. & H. B. Kümmel. 1895. Lake Passaic: an extinct glacial lake. J. Geol. 3: 533–560. 118 Davis, J. 1971. Personal communication. 119 Weiss, D. 1971. Late-Pleistocene stratigraphy and paleocology of the Lower Hudson River Estuary (abstr.). Geol. Soc. America Abstracts with Programs 3(7): 747–748. 120 Sanders, J. E. 1963. Late Triassic tectonic history of northeastern United States. Amer. J. Sci. 261: 501–524. 121 Johnson, D. W., F. Bascom, & H. S. Sharp. 1933. Geomorphology of the Central Appalachians. 16th Intern. Geol. Congress United States, 1932. Guidebook 7, Excursion A-7. 122 Howell, B. F. & H. E. Hale II. 1946. Fossiliferous pebbles in “Pensauken Gravel” at Princeton, N.J.. J. Geol. 54: 386–390. 123 Campbell, M. R. & F. Bascom. 1933. Origin and structure of the Pensauken gravel. Amer. J. Sci. (5th Ser.) 26: 300–318. 124 Flint, R. F. 1947. Glacial Geology and The Pleistocene Epoch. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N. Y. 125 Widmer, K. 1959. Bedrock map of the Hackensack Meadows. N. J. Geol. Survey Geol. Rep. 1. 126 Flint, R. F. 1961. Two tills in southern Connecticut. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 72: 1687–1692. 127 Darton, N. H., W. S. Bayley, R. D. Salisbury & H. B. Kümmel. 1908. Description of the Passaic quadrangle, N. J.-N. Y. U. S. Geol. Survey Geol. Atlas of the United States. Passaic folio 157. 128 Davis, W. M. 1891. Dates of origin of certain topographic forms on the Atlantic slope. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 2: 570–571. 129 Davis, W. M. & J. W. Wood Jr. 1890. The geographic development of northern New Jersey. Proc Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 24: 365–423. 130 Dryden, A. L., Jr. & C. Dryden. 1938. Stratigraphic importance of heavy mineral studies in the Philadelphia region. Proc. Penn. Acad. Sci. 12: 97. 131 Fluhr, T. W. 1962. New York Bay: bedrock profile. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 73: 261–262. 132 Johnson, D. W. 1925. The New England-Acadian Shoreline. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York , N. Y. 133 Knopf, E. B. 1962. Stratigraphy and structure of the Stissing Mountain area. Stanford Univ. Publ. Univ. Ser. Geol. Sci. 7(1). 134 Ruedemann, R. 1932. Drainage development of Catskills. Amer. J. Sci. (5th Ser.) 23: 337–349. 134a Martens, J. H. 1956. Industrial sands of New Jersey. Rutgers Univ. Mineral Res. Bull. 6. 135 Sanders, J. E. 1971. Triassic rocks, northeastern North America: Regional tectonic significance in light of plate tectonics. Geol. Soc. America (Abstracts with Programs) 3(7): 781–783. 136 Tarr, W. S. 1902. The physical geography of New York State. The MacMillan Company. New York , N. Y. 137 Thompson, H. D. 1936. Hudson Gorge in the Highlands. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 47: 1831–1848. 138 Veatch, A. C. & P. A. Smith. 1939. Atlantic submarine valleys of the United States and the Congo submarine valley. Geol. Soc. Amer. Spec. Paper 7. 139 Peet, C. E. 1904. Glacial and postglacial history of the Hudson and Champlain valleys. J. Geol. 12: 415–469; 617–660. 140 Newman, W. S., D. L. Thurber, H. S. Zeiss, A. Rokach & L. Musich. 1969. Late Quaternary geology of the Hudson River estuary: A preliminary report. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 31 (2): 548–570. 141 Fluhr, T. W. 1962. New York Bay — bedrock profile. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 73: 261–262. 142 McMaster, R. L. & A. Ashraf. 1973. Subbottom basement drainage system of inner continental shelf off southern New England. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull. 84: 187–190. 143 Carter, C. H. 1973. Miocene-Pliocene beach and tidal flat deposits, southern New Jersey, U.S.A. In Tidal Deposits. A Compilation of Examples. R. N. Ginsburg & G. deV. Klein, Eds.: 159–163. University of Miami Division of Geology and Geophysics Comparative Sed. Lab., Preprints. Miami , Fla . 144 Rampino, M. 1972. Personal communication. Citing Literature Volume250, Issue1Hudson River ColloquiumMay 1974Pages 5-38 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)