Carcinogenic effects of solar radiation and prevention measures
1968; Wiley; Volume: 21; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1002/1097-0142(196806)21
ISSN1097-0142
Autores Tópico(s)Skin Protection and Aging
ResumoCancerVolume 21, Issue 6 p. 1114-1120 ArticleFree Access Carcinogenic effects of solar radiation and prevention measures† Robert G. Freeman MD, Robert G. Freeman MD Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author Robert G. Freeman MD, Robert G. Freeman MD Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, TexasSearch for more papers by this author First published: June 1968 https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(196806)21:6 3.0.CO;2-GCitations: 22 † Presented before the 1967 Scientific Session of the American Cancer Society on May 3, 1967, Dallas, Texas. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract It is well known that exposure to the sun is the major cause of cancer of the skin—the most common type of cancer encountered in this country. Little is known about the wavelengths responsible for this carcinogenic effect except that it is composed of the shortest wavelengths (290 to 320 mμ) of the solar spectrum. More quantitative information is available about wavelengths and energy requirements for induction of erythema by sun exposure. This may be pertinent to the cancer of the skin problem if it is assumed that erythema represents an early injury which ultimately develops into cancer of the skin. Protection of the individual's skin from sun exposure is the most effective preventive measure now available. This includes avoidance of intense mid-day exposure and use of topical sunscreen preparations when prolonged exposure is unavoidable. A protective effect has been demonstrated with some systemically administered agents but their use is not yet practical. Evidence that solar-induced erythema, degeneration and premalignant changes are reversible gives hope that more effective cancer preventive measures may become available for the patient with severe actinic damage. References 1 Blum, H. F.: Carcinogenesis by Ultraviolet Light. Princeton University Press, 1959. 2 Blum, H. F.: Carrinogenesis by Ultraviolet Light. Princeton University Press, 1959; p. 161. 3 Blum, H. F., and Lippincott, S. W.: Carcinogenic effectiveness of ultraviolet radiation of wavelengths 2537A. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 3: 211–216, 1942. 4 Blum, H. F., and Terus, W. S.: The erythemal threshold for sunburn. Am. J. Physiol. 146: 107, 1946. 5 Coblentz, W. W., and Stair, R.: Data on the spectral erythemic reaction of the untanned human skin to ultraviolet radiation. Bureau of Standards J. Res. 12: 13, 1934. 6 Cockerell, E. G., Freeman, R. G., and Knox, J. M.: Changes after prolonged exposure to sunlight. Arch. Derm. 84: 467–472, Sept., 1961. 7 Colquhoun, K. G.: Notes on a case of keratosis and fixed pigmentary deposit following quartz light therapy. Brit J. Derm. 39: 346, 1927. 8 Dorn, H. F.: Illness from cancer in the United States. Public Health Rep. 59: 33–48, 65–77, 97–115, 1944. 9 Dubreuilh, W.: Ann. Derm. Syph. 8: (series 4) 387, 1907. 10 Everett, M. A., Olsen, R. L., and Sayre, R. M.: Ultraviolet erythema. Arch. Derm. 92: 713, 1965. 11 Findlay, G. M.: Ultra-violet light and skin cancer. Lancet 215: 1070, 1928. 12 Freeman, R. G., Owens, D. W., Knox, J. M., and Hudson, H. T.: Relative energy requirements for an erythemal response of skin to monochromatic wave lengths of ultraviolet present in the solar spectrum. J. Invest. Derm. 47: 586–592, 1966. 13 Gerstein, W., and Freeman, R. G.: Transplantation of actinically damaged skin. J. Invest. Derm. 39: 295–298, 1962. 14 Hauser, I.: Sonnenbrand und Sonnenbraunung. Naturwissenschaften 26: 134, 1938. 15 Hausser, K. W., and Vahle, W.: Sonnenbrand und Sonnenbraunung, Wiss. Veroeff. Deutsch ges. Ernähr, 6: 111, 1927. 16 Hiraki, K., and Kimura, I.: Focused on results with chloroquine on experimental cancer. Sogo Rinsho 11: 1807–1820, 1962. 17 Hopkins, C. E., Belisario, J. C., MacDonald, E. J., and Davis, C. T.: Psoralen prophylaxis against skin cancer—Report of clinical trial. II. J. Invest. Derm. 41: 219–223, 1963. 18 Johnson, F. S., Purcell, J. D., and Tousey, R.: Measurements of the vertical distribution of atmospheric ozone from rockets. J. Geophys. Res. 56: 583, 1951; J. Geophys. Res 57: 157, 1952. 19 Knox, J. M., and Freeman, R. G.: Prophylactic use of chloroquine to prevent skin cancer. Arch. Derm. 87: 315–322, 1963. 20 Knox, J. M., and Owens, D. W.: The chloroquine mystery. Arch. Derm. 94: 205–214, 1966. 21 Luckiesh, M., Holladay, L. L., and Taylor, A. H.: Reaction of untanned skin to ultraviolet radiation. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 20: 423, 1930. 22 MacDonald, E. J.: The epidermiology of skin cancer. J. Invest. Derm. 32: 379–382, 1959. 23 MacDonald, E. J., Griffin, A. C., Hopkins, C. E., Smith, L., Garrett, H., and Black, G. L.: Psoralen prophylaxis against skin cancer—Report of clinical trial. I. J. Invest. Derm. 41: 213–217, 1963. 24 Magnus, I. A.: Studies with a monochromator in the common idiopathic photodermatoses. Brit. J. Derm. 76: 245, 1964. 25 Moon, P.: Proposed standard solar radiation curves for engineering use. J. Franklin Inst. 230: 583, 1940. 26 Owens, D. W., Knox, J. M. and Freeman, R. G.: Clinical evaluation of sunscreens. Clin. Med. 74: 45–46, 1967. 27 Roffo, A. H.: Cancer et Soleil. Carcinomes et sarcomes provoqués par l'action du soleil in toto. Bui. Assn. Franc. Cancer 23: 590–616, 1934. 28 Rossman, R. E., Knox, J. M., and Freeman, R. G.: Acrylonitriles—A new group of ultraviolet absorbing compounds. J. Invest. Derm. 39: 449–453, 1962. 29 Rottier, P. B.: The erythematogenous action of ultraviolet light on human skin—I. Some Measurements of the Spectral Response with Continuous and Intermittent Light. J. Clin. Invest. 32: 681, 1953. 30 Statistics on Cancer, Ca 17: 34–43, 1967. 31 Unna, P. G.: Die Histopathologie der Hautkrankheiten. Berlin, A. Hirschewald, 1894. Citing Literature Volume21, Issue6June 1968Pages 1114-1120 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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