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1 H NMR‐based metabolomics approach to assess toxicity of bunker a heavy oil to freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio

2010; Wiley; Volume: 27; Issue: 7 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/tox.20653

1522-7278

Emiko Kokushi, Seiichi Uno, Tomotaka Harada, Jiro Koyama,

Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth

Abstract Using a 1 H NMR metabolomics approach, the effects of dietary exposure of bunker A heavy oil (0.01, 0.1, 1, and 5% in diet) on freshwater carp, Cyprinus carpio , were examined. Statistical analysis by PCA score plots showed that the amount of metabolites in exposure groups 0.1, 1, and 5% differed from those in the control group. Although no discernible effects on metabolites were noted in the 0.1% exposure group as well as in the lowest concentration (0.01%) group, several metabolites such as amino acid (e.g., leucine, isoleucine, valine, glutamine, histidine, proline, and methionine), 3‐ D ‐hydroxybutyrate, and glycerol were elevated, while another metabolite such as formate was reduced in 1 and 5% groups. These changes in the metabolites associated with the tri‐carboxylic‐acid (TCA) cycle suggest that oil exposure resulted in the disturbance of the TCA cycle in the liver of the carp. Isobutyrate, a marker of anoxia, was also increased in 1 and 5% exposures groups and was directly related to low hemoglobin concentrations leading to reduced oxygen transport by blood. In addition, significant elevation of creatinine in the plasma of carps exposed to 5% heavy oil suggests disturbance in kidney function. Thus, metabolomics approach can detect toxic effects of hazardous pollutants on fish. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2012.