Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Arginine: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Therapeutic Implications

1986; Wiley; Volume: 10; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1177/0148607186010002227

1941-2444

Adrian Barbul,

Muscle metabolism and nutrition

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral NutritionVolume 10, Issue 2 p. 227-238 Journal Article Arginine: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Therapeutic Implications Adrian Barbul M.D., Adrian Barbul M.D. Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author Adrian Barbul M.D., Adrian Barbul M.D. Department of Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, MarylandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 March 1986 https://doi.org/10.1177/0148607186010002227Citations: 409AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat REFERENCES 1Abbou R., Mahoudeau J., Dubrisay J., et al: Interet de l'association arginine-betaine-sorbital dans le traitement des troubles metaboliques du foie. Sem Hop Paris 41: 1170–1176, 1965 2Adamson I., Fisher H.: Further studies on the arginine requirement of the rabbit. J Nutr 106: 717–723, 1976 3Alexander JW, MacMillan BG, Stinnett JD, et al: Beneficial effects of aggressive protein feeding in severely burned children. Ann Surg 192: 505–517, 1980 4Anderson LC, Lewis AJ, Peo ER, et al: Effects of excess arginine with and without supplemental lysine on performance, plasma amino acid concentrations and nitrogen balance of young swine. J Anim Sci 58: 369–377, 1984 5Anderson PA, Baker DH, Corbin JE: Lysine and arginine requirements of the domestic cat. J Nutr 109: 1368–1372, 1979 6Andria G., Sebastio G., Sartorio R., et al: Arginine supplementation in lysinuric protein intolerance. J Inher Metab Dis 5: 61–62, 1982 7Arnauld J., Lachance PA: Basic amino acid accumulation in potassium-depleted rat muscle. J Nutr 110: 2480–2489, 1980 8Bachmann C., Colombo JP: Diagnostic value of orotic acid excretion inheritable disorders of the urea cycle and in hyerammonemia due to organic acidurias. Eur J Pediatr 134: 109–113, 1980 9Banos G., Daniel PM, Pratt OE: Inhibition of entry of l-arginine into the brain of the rat, in vivo, by l-lysine or l-ornithine. J Physiol 214: 24–25, 1971 10Barbieri D., Parravicini M.: Ulteriori ricerche cliniche sull'azione antitossica ed epatoprotrettrice del glucosio-1-fosfato di arginina. Clin Ter 36: 191–208, 1966 11Barbul A., Fishel RS, Shimazu S., et al: Intravenous hyperalimentation with high arginine levels improves wound healing and immune function. J Surg Res 31: 328–334, 1985 12Barbul A., Rettura G., Levenson SM, et al: Arginine: thymotropic and wound healing promoting agent. Surg Forum 28: 101–103, 1977 13Barbul A., Rettura G., Levenson SM, et al: Thymotropic actions of arginine, ornithine and growth hormone. Fed Proc 37: 264, 1978 (abstr 282) 14Barbul A., Rettura G., Levenson SM, et al: Wound healing and thymotropic effects of arginine: A pituitary mechanism of action. Am J Clin Nutr 37: 786–794, 1983 15Barbul A., Rettura G., Wasserkrug HL, et al: Thymotropic actions of arginine and metabolites. J Am Coll Nutr 1: 115, 1982 (abstr 44) 16Barbul A., Sisto DA, Wasserkrug HL, et al: Arginine stimulates lymphocyte immune responses in healthy humans. Surgery 90: 244–251, 1981 17Barbul A., Sisto DA, Wasserkrug HL, et al: Arginine stimulates thymic immune function and ameliorates the obesity and the hyperglycemia of genetically obese mice. JPEN 5: 492–495, 1981 18Barbul A., Sisto DA, Wasserkrug HL, et al: Metabolic and immune effects of arginine in postinjury hyperalimentation. J Trauma 21: 970–974, 1981 19Barbul A., Wasserkrug HL, Penberthy LT, et al: Optimal levels of arginine in maintenance intravenous hyperalimentation. JPEN 8: 281–284, 1984 20Barbul A., Wasserkrug HL, Seifter E., et al: Immunostimulatory effects of arginine in normal and injured rats. J Surg Res 29: 228–235, 1980 21Barbul A., Wasserkrug HL, Sisto DA, et al: Thymic and immune stimulatory actions of arginine. JPEN 4: 446–449, 1980 22Barbul A., Wasserkrug HL, Yoshimura NN, et al: High arginine levels in intravenous hyperalimentation abrogate post-traumatic immune suppression. J Surg Res 36: 620–624, 1984 23Barlattani M., DeMartiis M., Messina B.: L'arginin-malato associato a citidina ed uridina ad alte dosi per via venosa nel trattamento delle epatopatie croniche. Clin Ter 70: 323–336, 1974 24Beard HH, Givens E.: Further observations upon the effect of subcutaneous injection of amino acids and creatine upon the appearance, growth, and regression of the Emge sarcoma in rats. Exp Med Surg 2: 125–128, 1944 25Bergstrom J., Alvestrand A., Furst P., et al: Influence of severe potassium depletion and subsequent repletion with potassium on muscle electrolytes, metabolites and amino acids in man. Clin Sci Molec Med 51: 595–599, 1976 26Besset A., Bonardet A., Rondouin G., et al: Increase in sleep related GH and Prl secretion after chronic arginine aspartate administration in man. Acta Endocrinol 99: 18–23, 1982 27Biraben J., Delmon G., Ollivier R.: Action de l'arginine et de l'arginase sur le carcinome de cjuerin. CR Soc Biol (Paris) 155: 754–756, 1961 28Borman A., Wood T., Black H., et al: The role of arginine in growth with some observations on the effects of arginine acid. J Biol Chem 166: 585–594, 1946 29Boucharlat J., Salomon C., Maitre A., et al: Etude clinique de l'Aspartate d'arginine dans les impuissances sexuelles secondaires. Ann Med Psychol 1: 394–400, 1972 30Brette R., Francois B., Cille Y.: L'association acide malique-arginine dans le traitement prophylactique des etats d'hyperammoniemie. Presse Med 12: 59–61, 1963 31Briggs S., Freedland RA: Effects of protein content of diet and cortisol treatment on uptake of arginine by rat liver. J Nutr 105: 1215–1220, 1975 32Brusilow SW, Batshaw ML: Arginine therapy of argininosuccinase deficiency. Lancet 1: 124–127, 1979 33Burns RA, Milner JA: Effect of arginine on the carcinogenicity of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)-antracene and N-methyl-N-nitrosurea. Carcinogenesis 5: 1539–1542, 1984 34Burns RA, Milner JA, Corbin JE: Arginine: An indispensable amino acid for mature dogs. J Nutr 111: 1020–1024, 1981 35Burns RA, Milner TA: Effect of arginine, ornithine and lysine on 7,12-dimethyl benzanthracene mammary tumors. Fed Proc 40: 948, 1981 (abstr 4074) 36Bushinsky DA, Gennari FJ: Life-threatening hyperkalemia induced by arginine. Ann Intern Med 89: 632–634, 1978 37Chainuvati T., Plengvanit U., Viranuvatti V.: Effect of ornicetil (ornithine alpha-ketoglutarate) on encephalopathy in patients with acute and chronic liver disease. Acta Hepatogastroenterol 24: 434–439, 1977 38Chany C., Cerutti I.: Action inhibitrice du butyrate d'arginine sur le developpement de la tumeur 180/TG de crocker chez les souris swiss. C R Acad Sci (Paris) 293: 367–369, 1981 39Chany C., Cerutti I., Mace B.: Effect of coordinated therapeutic assays using c parvum, interferon and arginine butyrate on spontaneous disease and survival of akr mice. Int J Cancer 32: 379–383, 1983 40Cherrington AD, Kawamori R., Pek S., et al: Arginine infusion in dogs: Model for the roles of insulin and glucagon in regulating glucose turnover and free fatty acid levels. Diabetes 23: 805–815, 1974 41Cho-Chung YS, Clair T., Bodwin JS, et al: Arrest of mammary tumor growth in vivo by L-arginine: stimulation of NAD-dependent activation of adenylate cyclase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 95: 1306–1313, 1980 42Chyun JH, Griminger P.: Improvement of nitrogen retention by arginine and glycine supplementation and its relation to collagen synthesis in traumatized mature and aged rats. J Nutr 114: 1697–1704, 1984 43Copinschi G., Wegienka LC, Hane S., et al: Effect of arginine on serum levels of insulin and growth hormone in obese subjects. Metabolism 16: 485–491, 1967 44Costello MJ, Morris JG, Rogers QR: Effect of dietary arginine level on urinary orotate and citrate excretion in growing kittens. J Nutr 110: 1204–1208, 1980 45Coude FX, Ogier H., Charpentier C., et al: L'intolerance aux proteines avec lysinurie: une hyperammoniemie severe par carence en l-arginine. Arch Fr Pediatr 38: 829–835, 1981 46Critselis A., Rettura A., Barbul A., et al: Arginine inhibits a viral tumor. Fed Proc 36: 1163, 1977 (abstr 4711) 47Czarnecki GL, Baker DH: Urea cycle function in the dog with emphasis on the role of arginine. J Nutr 114: 581–590, 1984 48DeAloysio D., Mantuano R., Mauloni M.: The clinical use of arginine aspartate in male infertility. Acta Eur Fertil 13: 133–167, 1982 49Dickerman HW, Walker WG: Effect of cationic amino acid infusion on potassium metabolism in vivo. Am J Physiol 206: 403–408, 1964 50Drago U., Finotto E., Ongaro G.: Osservazioni cliniche sulla efficacia terapeutica dell'associazione: Arginia cloridrato, citrullina, ornitina cloridrato, vitamina B12, acido folico, nicotinamide, nelle epatopatie e nelle sindromi anemico-carenziali. Minerva Med 58: 1592–1596, 1967 51Dupre J., Curtis JD, Waddell RW, et al: Alimentary factors in the endocrine response to administration of arginine in man. Lancet 1: 28–29, 1968 52du Ruisseau JP, Greenstein JP, Winitz M., et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo IV. Blood ammonia and urea levels following intraperitoneal administration of amino acids and ammonium acetate, and the effect of arginine thereon. Arch Biochem Biophys 64: 355–367. 1956 53du Ruisseau JP, Greenstein JP, Winitz M. et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. VI. Free amino acid levels in the tissues of rats protected against ammonia toxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 68: 161–171, 1957 54Durschlag RP, Robinson JL: Species specificity in the metabolic consequences of orotic acid consumption. J Nutr 110: 822–828, 1980 55Easter RA, Baker DH: Nitrogen metabolism and reproductive response of gravid swine fed an arginine free diet during the last 84 days of gestation. J Nutr 106: 636–641, 1976 56El-Khodary AZ, Ball MF, Stein B., et al: Effect of weight loss on the growth hormone response to arginine infusion in obesity. J Clin Endocrinol 32: 42–51, 1971 57Elsair J., Poey J., Issad H., et al: Effect of arginine chlorhydrate on nitrogen balance during the three days following routine surgery in man. Biomed Express 29: 312–317, 1978 58Elsair J., Poey J., Rochiccioli P., et al: Effects de l'administration per os a doses variables, d'aspartate d'arginine et de chlorhydrate d'arginine sur les taux d'hormone de croissance et d'acides gras libres du plasma chez l'enfant normal a jeun. Pathol Biol 28: 639–644, 1980 59Evain-Brion D., Donnadieu M., Roger M., et al: Simultaneous study of somatotrophic and corticotrophic pituitary secretions during ornithine infusion test. Clin Endocrinol 17: 119–122, 1982 60Fahey JL: Toxicity and blood ammonia rise resulting from intravenous amino acid administrtion in man: The protective effect of l-arginine. J Clin Invest 36: 1647–1655, 1957 61Fahey JL, Nathans D., Rairigh D.: Effect of l-arginine on elevated blood ammonia levels in man. Am J Med 23: 860–868, 1957 62Fajans SS, Floyd JC Jr, Knopf RF, et al: Effect of amino acids and proteins on insulin secretion in man. Rec Prog Horm Res 23: 617–662, 1967 63Featherston WR, Rogers QR, Freedland RA: Relative importance of kidney and liver in synthesis of arginine by the rat. Am J Physiol 224: 127–129, 1973 64Fico ME, Hassan AS, Milner JA: The influence of excess lysine on urea cycle operation and pyrimidine biosynthesis. J Nutr 112: 1854–1861, 1982 65Floyd JC Jr, Fajans SS, Conn JW, et al: Stimulation of insulin secretion by amino acids. J Clin Invest 45: 1487–1502, 1966 66Fox M., Thier S., Rosenberg LE, et al: Evidence against a single renal transport defect in cystinuria. N Engl J Med 270: 556–561, 1964 67Franchimont P., Campistron G., Creuzet MH, et al: Effects of arginine aspartate and its components on growth hormone, insulin and glucagon secretion in the rat. Arch Int Pharmacodyn 267: 161–168, 1984 68Franchimont P., Luyckx A., Campistron G., et al: Effets de l'aspartate d'arginine sur la secretion de somatrotopine (STH), insuline et glucagon chez le rat. Therapie 34: 641–647, 1979 69Garcia JF, Geschwind I.: Investigation of growth hormone secretion in selected mammalian species. INPecile A, Mueler EE (eds). Growth Hormone Excerpta Medica Int'l Congress Series, Amsterdam no. 158, 1968, pp 267–312 70Gardner JD, Levy AG: Transport of dibasic amino acids by human erythocytes. Metabolism 21: 413–431, 1972 71Gasbarrini G., Bernardi M.: Effeti della somministrazione di tiazolidincarbossilato di arginina nella patologia del fegato di diversa origine. Minerva Dietol 28: 143–152, 1982 72Gilroy E.: Comparison of the effects of arginine and thyroxine upon tumour growth rate in the mouse. Biochem J 1181–1187, 1930 73Goodman MW, Zieve L., Konstantinides FN, et al: Mechanism of arginine protection against ammonia intoxication in the rat. Am J Physiol 247: G29O–G295, 1984 74Gopalakrishna R., Nagarajan B.: Effect of growth and differentiation on distribution of arginase and arginine in rat tissues. Indian J Biochem Biophys 16: 66–68. 1979 75Gourmelen M., Donnadieu M., Schimpff RM et al: Effet du chlorohydrate d'ornithine sur le taux plasmatique de l'hormone de croissance (HGH). Ann Endocrinol 33: 526–528, 1972 76Greenstein JP, Dur Ruisseau JP, Winitz M., et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. VII. Ammonia toxicity in partially hepatectomized rats and the effects of L-arginine HCl thereon. Arch Biochem Biophys 71: 458–465, 1957 77Greenstein JP, Winitz M., Gullino P., et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo III Prevention of ammonia toxicity by arginine and related compounds. Arch Biochem Biophys 64: 342–354, 1956 78Groth U., Rosenberg LE: Transport of dibasic amino acids, cystine and tryptophan by cultured human fibroblasts: Absence of defect in cystinuria and Hartnup disease. J Clin Invest 51: 2130–2142, 1972 79Gullino P., Birnbaum SM, Winitz M., et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. VIII. Influence of the route of administration of L-arginine HCl on protecting rats against ammonia toxicity. Arch Biochem Biophys 76: 430–438, 1958 80Gullino P., Winitz M., Birnbaum SM, et al: The toxicity of individual essential amino acids and their diastereomers in rats and the effect on blood sugar levels. Arch Biochem Biophys 58: 253–255, 1955 81Ha YH, Milner JA: Arginine requirements in immature dogs. J Nutr 108: 203–210, 1978 82Harper HA, Najarian JS, Silen W.: Effect of intravenously administered amino acids on blood ammonia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92: 558–560, 1956 83Hertz P., Richardson JA: Arginine-induced hyperkalemia. Arch Intern Med 130: 778–780, 1972 84Holt LE, Albanese AA, Shettles LB, et al: Studies of experimental amino acid deficiency in man. I. Nitrogen balance. Fed Proc 1: 116, 1942 85Imler M., Ruscher H., Peter B.: Action de l'arginine sur un coma hepatique recidivant compliquant une tumeru feminisante de la cortico-surrenale avec metastases hepatique. Sem Hop Paris 49: 3183–3190, 1973 86Imms FJ, London DR, Neame RLB: The secretion of catecholamines from the adrenal gland following arginine infusion in the rat. J Physiol (Lond) 200: 55P–56P, 1969 87Isidori A., LoMonaco A., Cappa M.: Study of growth hormone release in man after oral administration of amino acids. Curr Med Res Opin 7: 475–481, 1981 88Iversen J.: Secretion of glucagon from the isolated, perfused canine pancreas. J Clin Invest 50: 2123–2136, 1971 89Iyamu JO, Adamson I.: Effect of supplemental arginine on rehabilitation of the starved rat. Nutr Rep Int 26: 335–345, 1982 90James IM, Hamlyn AN, Brant PC, et al: Effect of ornithine alpha oxoglutarate on brain metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiat 38: 214–218, 1975 91Jungling ML, Bunge RG: The treatment of spermatogenic arrest with arginine. Fertil Steril 27: 282–283, 1976 92Kari FW, Ulman EA, Mulloy AL, et al: Arginine requirements of mature protein-malnourished rats for maximal rate of repletion. J Nutr 111: 1489–1493, 1981 93Keller DW, Polakoski KL: L-Arginine stimulation of human sperm motility in vitro. Biol Reprod 13: 154–157, 1975 94Kim S., Paik WK, Cohen PP: Ammonia intoxication in rats: Protection by n-carbamoyl-l-glutamate plus l-arginine. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 69: 3530–3533, 1972 95Kline JJ, Hug G., Schubert WK, et al: Arginine deficiency syndrome. Am J Dis Child 135: 437–442, 1981 96Knopf RF, Conn JW, Fajans SS, et al: Plasma growth hormone response to intravenous administration of amino acids. J Clin Endocrinol 25: 1140–1144, 1965 97Kojima R., Shimada K., Asano H.: Effects of oral administration of arginine on the tumor bearing mice. Exp Anim 22: 237–242, 1973 98Krebs HA: Metabolism of amino acids. IV. The synthesis of glutamic acid and NH3 and the enzymatic hydrolysis of the glutamine in animal tissue. Biochem J 29: 1951–1969, 1935 99Kuku SF, Jaspan JB, Emmanouel DS, et al: Plasma glucagon, insulin and glucose responses to intravenous arginine infusion in the rat. Horm Metab Res 10: 99–100, 1978 100LeRoith D., Shapiro M., Jabotinsky K., et al: Prolactin unresponsiveness to arginine in diabetes mellitus. Horm Metab Res 11: 583–584, 1979 101Levenson SM, Rettura G., Barbul A., et al: Citrulline replaces arginine as a dietary essential in rats: Ornithine does not. Fed Proc 39: 726, 1980 (abstr 2421) 102Levy HM, Montanez G., Feaver ER, et al: Effect of arginine in tumor growth in rats. Cancer Res 14: 198–200, 1954 103Malaisse WJ, Malaisse-Lagae F., McGraw EF, et al: Insulin secretion in vitro by pancreatic tissue from normal, adrenalectomized, and cortisol treated rats. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 124: 924–928, 1967 104Martin JB: Neural regulation of growth hormone secretion. N Engl J Med 288: 1384–1393, 1973 105Massara F., Martelli S., Cagliero E., et al: The hypophosphatemic and hyperkalemic effect of arginine in man. J Endocrinol Invest 3: 177–180, 1980 106McDermott WV Jr, Henneman DH, Laumont C.: Biochemical changes associated with the administration of glutamic acid and arginine in patients with hyperammoniemia. J Surg Res 1: 307–314, 1961 107McDermott WV Jr, Wareham J., Riddell AG: Treatment of hepatic coma with L-glutamic acid. N Engl J Med 253: 1093–1102, 1955 108Merimee TJ, Lillicrap DA, Rabinowitz D.: Effect of arginine on serum-levels of human growth hormone. Lancet 2: 668–670, 1965 109Merimee TT, Rabinowitz D., Fineberg SE: Arginine-initiated release of growth hormone: factors modifying the response in normal man. N Engl J Med 280: 1434–1438, 1969 110Merimee TJ, Rabinowitz D., Riggs L., et al: Plasma growth hormone after arginine infusion: Clinical experiences. N Engl J Med 276: 434–439, 1967 111Melzer H., Weber D., Wotzka R.: Zur therapie von leberkrankheiten mit ornithinaspartat. Med Klin 35: 1541–1544, 1969 112Milne MD, Asatoor AM, Edwards KDG, et al: The intestinal absorption defect in cystinuria. Gut 2: 323–337, 1961 113Milner JA, Hassan AS: Species specificity of arginine deficiency-induced hepatic steatosis. J Nutr 111: 1067–1073, 1981 114Milner JA, Perkins EG: Liver lipid alterations in rats fed arginine deficient diets. Lipids 13: 563–565, 1978 115Milner JA, Prior RL, Visek WJ: Arginine deficiency and orotic aciduria in mammals. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 150: 282–288, 1975 116Milner JA, Stepanovich LV: Inhibitory effect of dietary arginine on growth of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice. J Nutr 109: 489–494, 1979 117Milner JA, Visek WJ: Orotic aciduria and arginine deficiency. Nature 245: 211–212, 1973 118Milner JA, Visek WJ: Orotate, citrate, and urea excretion in rats fed various levels of arginine. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 147: 754–759, 1974 119Milner JA, Visek WJ: Urinary metabolites characteristic of urea-cycle amino acid deficiency. Metabolism 24: 643–651, 1975 120Miracco A., Iodice G., Peluso C., et al: Arginine thiazolidinecarboxylate in the treatment of chronic active hepatitis: double-blind comparison with placebo. J Int Med Res 12: 35–39, 1984 121Miszputen SD, Ganc ARJ, Costa AA, et al: Efeitos da associacao arginina-ornitina sobre os niveis de amonia arterial em hepatopatas cronicos e coma hepatico. Rev Assoc Med Bras 14: 117–122, 1968 122Molimard R., Charpentier C., Lemonnier F.: Modifications de l'amino-acidemie des cirrhotiques sous l'influence de sels d'ornithine. Ann Nutr Metab 26: 25–36, 1982 123Mongiardino G., Savioli: Il glucosio-1-fosfato di arginina nelle iperazotemie pre-operatorie in chirurgia e urologia. Epatologia 16: 86–89, 1970 124Morris JG, Rogers QR: Ammonia intoxication in the near-adult cat as a result of a dietary deficiency of arginine. Science 199: 431–432, 1978 125Morris JG, Rogers QR: Arginine: An essential amino acid for the cat. J Nutr 108: 1944–1953, 1978 126Mulloy AL, Kari FW, Visek WJ: Dietary arginine, insulin secretion, glucose tolerance and liver lipids during repletion of protein-depleted rats. Horm Metabol Res 14: 471–475, 1982 127Muting D.: Trattamento della cirrosi e del coma epatico con sostanze capaci di diminuire il tasso ammoniemico. Cl Ter 42: 290–297, 1967 128Muting D., Horbach L.: Wirkung von argininketoglutarat auf die entgiftungsleistung der leber bei leberzirrhose. Munch Med Wochenschr 119: 534–538, 1977 129Najarian JS, Harper HA: Comparative effect of arginine and monosodium glutamate on blood ammonia. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 92: 560–562, 1956 130Najarian JS, Harper HA: A clinical study of the effect of arginine on blood ammonia. Am J Med 21: 832–842. 1956 131Najarian JS, Harper HA: A comparison of arginine and L-glutamic acid in the treatment of ammonia toxicity. Surg Forum 7: 438–441, 1957 132Najarian JS, Harper HA: Etiology and treatment of ammonia intoxication associated with disease of the liver. Surg Gynecol Obstet 106: 577–585, 1958 133Nakagawa Y.: Effects of diets imbalanced by an excess of L-arginine, 37 L-ornithine and L-citrulline on experimental tumor metastases. J Kansai Med Sch 24: 21–42, 1972 134Nakagawa I., Takahashi T., Suzuki T., et al: Amino acid requirements of children: Minimal needs of tryptophan, arginine, histidine based on nitrogen balance method. J Nutr 80: 305–310, 1963 135Nakamishi K.: Studies on tumor growth inhibition of arginine imbalanced diet. Med J Osaka Univ 21: 193–204, 1969 136Nowak HR, Cylwik B., Duda D.: Kinetyka zmian morfologicznych i histochemiczynch w raku guerin u szczura po podaniu argininy i cysteiny. Patol Pol 27: 127–137, 1976 137Palmer JP, Walter RM, Ensinck JW: Arginine-stimulated acute phase of insulin and glucagon secretion. I. In normal man. Diabetes 24: 735–740, 1975 138Paris J., Merveille P., Molimard R.: L'alpha-cetoglutarate de 1 (+) ornithine dans les encephalopathies des hepatiques. Presse Med 78: 1367–1368, 1970 139Perez GO, Epstein M., Rietberg B., et al: Metabolism of arginine by the isolated perfused rat kidney. Am J Physiol 4: F376–F380, 1978 140Piro E., Nicoletti A., Ruffolo S.: Osservazioni clinico-metaboliche sull'impiego in terapia di una associazione de vitamina B12, acido folico, nicotinamide e di aminoacidi del gruppo dell'arginina in infermi affetti da epatopatie croniche. Minerva Med 58: 1629–1633, 1967 141Prior RL, Visek WJ: Effects of urea in rats deprived of arginine. J Nutr 103: 1107–1111, 1973 142Pryme IF: The failure of growth of a mouse myeloma tumour during the course of oral administration of l-arginine-hydrochloride. Cancer Lett 1: 177–182, 1977 143Pryor JP, Blandy JP, Evans P., et al: Controlled clinical trial of arginine for infertile men with oligozoospermia. Br J Urol 50: 47–50, 1978 144Pui YML, Fisher H.: Factorial supplementation with arginine and glycine on nitrogen retention and body weight gain in the traumatized rat. J Nutr 109: 240–246, 1979 145Rakoff JS, Siver TM, Sinha YN, et al: Prolactin and growth hormone release in response to sequential stimulation by arginine and TRF. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 37: 641–644, 1973 146Rampazzo F. : Sperimentazione clinica controllato di arginin-malato associato a citidina e uridina nelle epatopatie secondarie. Minerva Med 65: 838–849, 1974 147Ratner S.: Enzymes of arginine and urea synthesis. Adv Enzymol 39: 1–90, 1973 148Ratner S., Morrell H., Carvalho E.: Enzymes of arginine metabolism in brain. Arch Biochem 91: 280–289, 1960 149Raymond N. : Interet de l'utilisation en gastro-enterologie d'un hepatotrope original, le tidiacicate d'arginine. Med Chir Dig 10: 181–184, 1981 150Rettura G., Barbul A., Levenson SM, et al: Citrulline does not share the thymotropic properties of arginine and ornithine. Fed Proc 38: 289, 1979 (abstr 343) 151Rettura G., Barbul A., Levenson SM, et al: Putrescine does not have thymotropic properties of ornithine and arginine. J Am Coll Nutr 1: 423, 1982 (abstr 110) 152Rettura G., Levenson SM, Barbul A., et al: Supplemental arginine and ornithine promote allograft rejection. 183rd Meeting American Chemical Society, AGFD, 1982 (abstr 11) 153Rettura G., Levenson SM, Seifter E.: Anti-tumor and anti-stress actions of L-ornithine. Fed Proc 40: 1685, 1981 (abstr 840) 154Rettura G., Padawer J., Barbul A., et al: Supplemental arginine increases thymic cellularity in normal and murine sarcoma virusinnoculated mice and increases the resistance of mice to the murine sarcoma virus tumor. JPEN 3: 409–416. 1979 155Rettura G., Stratford F., Levenson SM et al: Improved wound healing, anti-catabolle and thymotropic actions of supplemental ornithine. 17th Mid-Atlantic Reg Meeting. American Chemical Society, April 6–8. 1983 156Rogers QR, Freedland RA, Symmons RA: In vivo synthesis and utilization of arginine in the rat. Am J Physiol 223: 236–240. 1972 157Rose WC: The nutritive significance of the amino acids and certain related compounds. Science 86: 298–300. 1937 158Rose WC: Amino acid requirements of man. Fed Proc 8: 546–552, 1949 159Rose WC: The amino acid requirements of adult man. Nutr Abstr Rev 27: 631–647, 1957 160Rose WC, Rice EE: The significance of amino acids in canine nutrition. Science 90: 186–187, 1939 161Rose WC, Wixom RL, Lockhart HB, et al: The amino acid requirements of man. XV. The valine requirement; summary and final observations. J Biol Chem 217: 987–995, 1955 162Rosenberg LE, Downing SJ: Transport of neutral and dibasic amino acids in leukocytes: absence of defect in cystinuria. J Clin Invest 44: 1382–1393, 1965 163Saito H., Wang SL, Trocki O., et al: Metabolic and immune effects of dietary arginine supplementation after burn. Presented at the 27th Annual Society of University Surgical Residents' Conference, February 5, 1985, Boston, MA 164Schachter A., Friedman S., Goldman JA, et al: Treatment of oligospermia with the amino acid arginine. Int J Gynecol Obstet 11: 206–209, 1973 165Schafer W. : Die intravenose zufuhr von ornithinaspartat bei leberkrankheiten. Munch Med Wochenschr 110: 2521–2525, 1968 166Schimke RT : Repression of enzymes of arginine biosynthesis in mammalian tissue culture. Biochem Biophys Acta 62: 599–601, 1962 167Schimke RT : Studies on factors affecting the levels of urea cycle enzymes in rat liver. J Biol Chem 238: 1012–1018, 1963 168Schwinn G., Schwarck H., McIntosh C., et al: Effect of the dopamine receptor blocking agent pimozide on growth hormone response to arginine and exercise and in the spontaneous growth hormone fluctuations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 43: 1183–1185, 1976 169Scull CW, Rose WC: Arginine metabolism I: The relation of the arginine content of the diet to the increments in tissue arginine during growth. J Biol Chem 89: 109–122, 1930 170Seifter E., Barbul A., Levenson SM, et al: Supplemental arginine increases survival in mice undergoing local tumor excision. JPEN 5: 589, 1980 (abstr 38) 171Seifter E., Levenson SM, Mendecki J., et al: Lewis lung tumor: Anti-tumor action of supplemental arginine and vitamin A. 188th National Meeting, American Chemical Society, August 26–31, 1984, Philadelphia, PA 172Seifter E., Mendecki J., Weinzweig J., et al: Influence of supplemental vitamin A and arginine in mice inoculated with C3HBA tumor cells. J Am Coll Nutr 3: 253, 1984 (abstr 69) 173Seifter E., Rettura G., Barbul A., et al: Arginine: an essential amino acid for injured rats. Surgery 84: 224–230, 1978 174Seifter E., Rettura G., Levenson SM: Ornithine inhibits C3HBA tumor growth. Fed Proc 41: 405, 1982 (abstr 794) 175Sitren HS, Fisher H.: Nitrogen retention in rats fed on diets enriched with arginine and glycine. Br J Nutr 37: 195–208, 1977 176Szam I., Szentner J., Hegedus-Wein, I., et al: Wirkung von argininmalat bei experimenteller und klinischer hyperammoniamie. Int J Clin Pharmacol 6: 260–265, 1972 177Szam VI, Szentner J., Hegedus-Wein I., et al: Therapie experimenteller und klinischer hyperammonamien mit ornithin-alpha-ketoglutarat. Wien Med Wochenschr 124: 319–325, 1974 178Takeda Y., Tominaga T., Tei N., et al: Inhibitory effect of l-arginine-on growth of rat mammary tumors induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Cancer Res 35: 2390–2393, 1975 179Tanimura J. : Studies on arginine in human semen Part I: The arginine contents of normal and sterile human semen. Bull Osaka Med Sch 13: 76–83, 1967 180Tanimura J. : Studies on arginine in human semen Part II: The effects of medication with l-arginine-HCL on male infertility. Bull Osaka Med Sch 13: 84–89, 1967 181Tete R., Paliard P., Vachon A.: Le traitement des comas heatiques. Rev Lyon Med 15: 371–378, 1966 182Thier SO, Segal S., Fox M. et al: Cystinuria: defective intestinal transport of dibasic amino acids and cystine. J Clin Invest 46: 442–448, 1965 183Tissot-Favre A., Brett R.: Effets therapeutiques du malate d'arginine dans les cirrhoses alcooliques. Therapie 15: 629–633, 1970 184Tiwary CD, Rosenbloom AL, Julius RL, et al: Anaphylactic reaction to arginine infusion. N Engl J Med 288: 218, 1973 185Ulman EA, Kari FW, Hevia P., et al: Orotic aciduria caused by feeding excess lysine to growing rats. J Nutr 111: 1772–1779, 1981 186Utsumi M., Makimura H., Ishihara K., et al: Determination of immunoreactive somatostatin in rat plasma and responses to arginine, glucose and glucagon infusion. Diabetologia 17: 319–323, 1979 187Verzetti G., Emanuelli G., Montagnani M.: Terapia dell'iperammoniemia : azione di un farmaco a base di pirrolidoncarbossilato di arginina, taurina, vitamina B6 ed acido citrico. Clin Ter 60: 429–438, 1972 188Weir CG, Samols E., Loo S., et al: Somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide secretion: Effects of glucagon, insulin and arginine. Diabetes 28: 35–40, 1979 189Weisburger JH, Yamamoto RS, Glass RM, et al: Prevention by arginine glutamate of the carcinogenicity of acetamide in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 14: 163–175, 1969 190Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE: Source and fate of circulating citrulline. Am J Physiol 241: 473–480, 1981 191Winitz M., du Ruisseau JP, Otey M., et al: Studies on the metabolism of amino acids and related compounds in vivo. IV. Effects of combined administration of nonprotective compounds and subprotective levels of L-arginine HCl on ammonia toxicity in rats. Arch Biochem Biophys 64: 368–373, 1956 192Wissler RW, Steffee CH, Frazier LE, et al: Studies in amino acid utilization III: the role of the indispendable amino acids in maintenance of the adult albino rat. J Nutr 36: 245–262, 1948 193Wolfe SJ, Fast BB, Stormont J., et al: Treatment of hepatic coma: Use of certain Krebs' urea cycle intermediates (l-arginine, dlornithine). J Lab Clin Med 51: 672–688, 1958 194Yamamoto RS, Weisburger JH: Failure of arginine glutamate to inhibit lung tumor formation by isomiazid and hydrazine in mice. Life Sci 9: 285–289, 1970 Citing Literature Volume10, Issue2March 1986Pages 227-238 ReferencesRelatedInformation