Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

An Early Eocene gecko from Baltic amber and its implications for the evolution of gecko adhesion

2005; Wiley; Volume: 265; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1017/s0952836904006259

1469-7998

Aaron M. Bauer, Wolfgang Böhme, Wolfgang Weitschat,

Plant and animal studies

Journal of ZoologyVolume 265, Issue 4 p. 327-332 An Early Eocene gecko from Baltic amber and its implications for the evolution of gecko adhesion Aaron M. Bauer, Corresponding Author Aaron M. Bauer Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, U.S.A. *A. M. Bauer. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorWolfgang Böhme, Wolfgang Böhme Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorWolfgang Weitschat, Wolfgang Weitschat Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author Aaron M. Bauer, Corresponding Author Aaron M. Bauer Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 Lancaster Avenue, Villanova, PA 19085, U.S.A. *A. M. Bauer. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorWolfgang Böhme, Wolfgang Böhme Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Adenauerallee 160, D-53113 Bonn, GermanySearch for more papers by this authorWolfgang Weitschat, Wolfgang Weitschat Geologisch-Paläontologisches Institut und Museum der Universität Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, GermanySearch for more papers by this author First published: 28 February 2006 https://doi.org/10.1017/S0952836904006259Citations: 42AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract A new genus and species of gecko from the Lower Eocene of north-western Russia is described from a superbly preserved specimen in Baltic amber. It is the oldest gekkonid lizard to be represented by more than fragmentary skeletal remains. The digits of the specimen are mostly intact and reveal a unique combination of characters not seen in any living form. Expanded sub-digital scansors on the toes, however, are essentially similar to those of modern climbing geckos and verify the existence of a complex adhesive system 20–30 million years earlier than supported by previously discovered fossil geckos. REFERENCES Alifanov, V. R. (1989). The oldest gecko (Lacertilia, Gekkonidae) from the lower Cretaceous of Mongolia. Paleontog. Zhur. 1: 124–126. (In Russian.). Arnold, E. N., Azar, D., Ineich, I. & Nel, A. (2002). The oldest reptile in amber: a 120 million year old lizard from Lebanon. J. Zool. (Lond.) 258: 7–10. Augé, M. (1987a). Confirmation de la présence d'Iguanidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia) dans l'Eocène européen. C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris Ser. II 305: 633–636. Augé, M. (1987b). Les Cordylidae (Reptilia, Lacertilia) de l'Éocène français. Mém. Mus. natl Hist. nat. Paris Sér. 4, sect. C 9: 181–196. Augé, M. (1990a). La faune de lézards et d'amphisbènes (Reptilia, Squamata) du gisement de Dormaal (Belgique, Éocène inférieur). Bull. Inst. R. Sci. nat. Belg. Sci. Terre 60: 161–173. Augé, M. (1990b). La faune de lézards et d'amphisbaenes del'Éocène inférieur de Condé-en-Brie (France). Mém. Mus. natl Hist. nat, Paris Sér. 4, sect. C 12: 111–141. Augé, M. & Rage, J.-C. (2000). Les Squamates (Reptilia) du Miocène moyen de Sansan. In La faune Miocène de Sansan et son environnement: 263–313. L. Ginsburg (Ed.). Mém. Mus. natl Hist. nat. 183. Augé, M. & Smith, R. (1997). Les Agamidae (Reptilia, Squamata) du Paléogène d'Europe occidentale. Belg. J. Zool. 127: 123–138. Augé, M. & Smith, R. (2002). Nouveaux Lacertidae (Reptilia, Squamata) de l'Éocène inférieur européen. Belg. J. Zool. 131: 3–15. Autumn, K. & Peattie, A. M. (2002). Mechanisms of adhesion in geckos. Integr. Comp. Biol. 42: 1081–1090. Autumn, K., Liang, Y. A., Hsieh, S. T., Zesch, W., Chan, W.-P., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R. & Full, R. J. (2000). Adhesive force of a single gecko foot-hair. Nature (Lond.) 405: 681–685. Autumn, K., Sitti, M., Liang, Y. A., Peattie, A. M., Hansen, W. R., Sponberg, S., Kenny, T. W., Fearing, R., Israelachvili, J. N. & Full, R. J. (2002). Evidence for van der Waals adhesion in gecko setae. Proc. natl Acad. Sci. 99: 12252–12256. Bachofen-Echt, A. (1949). Der Bernstein und seine Einschlüsse. Wien : Springer-Verlag. Bauer, A. M. & Branch, W. R. (1995). The use of radiography in the analysis of resin-embedded lizards. Curator 38: 185–189. Böhme, W. (1984). Erstfund eines fossilen Kugelfingergeckos (Sauria: Gekkonidae: Sphaerodactylinae) aus Dominikanischen Bernstein (Oligozän von Hispaniola, Antillen). Salamandra 20: 212–220. Böhme, W. & Weitschat, W. (1998). Redescription of the Eocene lacertid lizard Nucras succinea Boulenger, 1917 from Baltic amber and its allocation to Succinilacerta n. gen. Mitt. Geol.-Paläontol. Inst. Univ. Hambg 81: 203–222. Böhme, W. & Weitschat, W. (2002). New finds of lizards in Baltic amber (Reptilia: Squamata: Sauria: Lacertidae). Faun. Abh. Staatl. Mus. Tierk. Dresden 23: 117–130. Borsuk-Bialynicka, M. (1990). Gobekko cretacicus gen. et sp. n., a new gekkonid lizard from the Cretaceous of the Gobi Desert. Acta Palaeontol. Polon. 35: 67–76, pls. 17–18. Borsuk-Bialynicka, M., Lubka, M. & Böhme, W. (1999). A lizard from Baltic amber (Eocene) and the ancestry of the crown-group lacertids. Acta Palaeontol. Polon. 44: 349–382. Boulenger, G. A. (1917). A revision of the lizards of the genus Nucras, Gray. Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 5: 196–216, pls. 6–7. Boulenger, G. A. (1920). Monograph of the Lacertidae 1. London : Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). Carranza, S., Arnold, E. N., Mateo, J. A. & Geniez, P. (2002). Relationships and evolution of the North African geckos, Geckonia and Tarentola (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 23: 244–256. Chambers, G. K., Boon, W. M., Buckley, T. R. & Hitchmough, R. A. (2001). Using molecular methods to understand the Gondwanan affinities of the New Zealand biota: three case studies. Aust. J. Bot. 49: 377–387. Conrad, J. L. & Sereno, P. C. (2004). An Early Cretaceous lizard skull from Mongolia and the early evolution of Gekkota. Abstr. Soc. Integr. Comp. Biol. 2004: 133. Dellit, W.-D. (1934). Zur Anatomie und Physiologie derGeckozehe. Jena. Z. Naturw. 68: 613–656. Donnellan, S. C., Hutchinson, M. N. & Saint, K. M. (1999). Molecular evidence for the phylogeny of Australian gekkonoid lizards. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 67: 97–118. Estes, R. (1969). Die Fauna der miozänen Spaltenfüllung von Neudorf an der March (CSSR) Reptilia (Lacertilia). Sitzungsber. Österr. Akad. Wiss. Mathrm.-naturw. Kl. Abt. I, 178: 77–82, plates 1–2. Estes, R. (1983a). Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie Teil 10A. Sauria terrestria, Amphisbaenia. Stuttgart : Gustav Fischer Verlag. Estes, R. (1983b). The fossil record and early distribution of lizards. In Advances in herpetology and evolutionary biology: 365–398. A. G. J. Rhodin & K. Miyata (Eds). Cambridge , MA : Museum of Comparative Zoology. Estes, R., De Queiroz, K. & Gauther, J. (1988). Phylogenetic relationships within Squamata. In Phylogenetic relationships of the lizard families: 119–281. R. Estes & G. Pregill (Eds). Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press. Evans, S. E. (1993). Jurassic lizard assemblages. Rev. Paléobiol. Spec. 7: 55–65. Evans, S. E. (1994). The Solnhofen (Jurassic: Tithonian) lizard genus Bavarisaurus: new skull material and a reinterpretation. Neues Jahrb. Geol. Paläontol. Abh. 192: 37–52. Evans, S. E. (1995). Lizards: evolution, early radiation and biogeography. In Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic terrestrial ecosystems and biota, short papers: 51–55. A. Sun & Y. Wang (Eds). Beijing : China Ocean Press. Evans, S. E. (1998a). Crown group lizards (Reptilia, Squamata) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles. Palaeontographica A 250: 123–154. Evans, S. E. (1998b). Lepidosaurian faunas from the Early Cretaceous: a clade in transition. In Lower and Middle Cretaceous terrestrial ecosystems: 195–200. S. G. Lucas, J. I. Kirkland & J. W. Estep (Eds). N. M. Mus. nat. Hist. Sci. Bull. 14. Giebel, C. (1862). Wirbelthier und Insektenreste im Bernstein. Z. ges. Naturwiss. (Braunschweig) 20: 311–321. Grimaldi, D. (1995). The age of Dominican amber. In Amber, resinite, and fossil resins: 203–217. K. B. Anderson & J. C. Crelling (Eds). Washington , DC : American Chemical Society. Han, D., Zhou, K. & Bauer, A. M. (2004). Phylogenetic relationships among the higher taxonomic categories of gekkotan lizards inferred from C-mos nuclear DNA sequences. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 83: 353–368. Harris, D. J., Marshall, J. C. & Crandall, K. A. (2001). Squamate relationships based on C-mos nuclear DNA sequences: increased taxon sampling improves bootstrap support. Amphib.-Reptilia 22: 235–242. Hoffstetter, R. (1946). Sur les Gekkonidae fossils. Bull. Mus. natl Hist. nat. Ser. 2 18: 195–203. Hoffstetter, R. (1964). Les Sauria du Jurassique supérieur et spécialement les Gekkota de Bavière et de Mandchouri.e. Senckenberg Biol. 45: 281–324. Hoffstetter, R. (1967). A propos des genres Ardeosaurus et Eichstaettisaurus (Reptilia: Sauria: Gekkonoidea) du Jurassique supérieur de Franconie. Bull. Soc. Géol. Fr. 8: 592–595. Iturralde-Vinent, M. A. & MacPhee, R. D. E. (1996). Age and paleogeographical origin of Dominican amber. Science 273: 1850–1852. Katinas, V. (1983). Baltijos gintaras. Vilnius : Mokslas. Klebs, R. (1889). Ueber die Fauna des Bernsteins. Tagebl. Versch. Dtsch Naturforsch. Ärzte 62: 268–271. Klebs, R. (1910). Über Bernsteineinschlüsse im allgemeinen und die Coleopteren meiner Bernsteinsammlng. Schr. Physikökonom. Ges. Königsberg 51: 217–242. Kluge, A. G. (1987). Cladistic relationships in the Gekkonoidea (Squamata, Sauria). Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Mich. 173, i–iv: 1–54. Kluge, A. G. (1995). Cladistic relationships of sphaerodactyl lizards. Am. Mus. Novit. 3139: 1–23. Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, B., Kulicka, R. & Gierlowska, G. (1997a). A lizard found in Baltic amber. Mus. Earth Set Conf. Abstr. 9: 23–24. Kosmowska-Ceranowicz, B., Kulicka, R. & Gierlowska, G. (1997b). Nowe znalezisko jaszczurki w bursztynie baltyckim. Przegl. Geol. 45: 1028–1030. Krumbiegel, G. (1998). Eidechsenfund im Baltischen Bernstein. Fossilien 1998(2): 231–235. Larsson, S. G. (1978). Baltic amber – a palaeobiological study. Entomograph 1. Klampenborg , Denmark : Scandinavian Science Press. Lazell, J. D. Jr (1965). An Anolis (Sauria, Iguanidae) in amber. J. Paleontol. 39: 379–382. Lee, M. S. Y. (1998). Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 65: 369–453. Loveridge, A. (1942). Scientific results of a fourth expedition to forested areas in East and Central Africa. IV: Reptiles. Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 91: 235–373, plates 1–6. Loveridge, A. (1957). Check list of the reptiles and amphibians of East Africa (Uganda; Kenya; Tanganyika; Zanzibar). Bull. Mus. comp. Zool. 117: 151–362, i–xxxvi. Macey, J. R., Larson, A., Ananjeva, N. B. & Papenfuss, T. J. (1997). Replication slippage may cause parallel evolution in the secondary structures of mitochondrial transfer RNAs. Mol. Biol. Evol. 14: 30–39. Maderson, P. F. A. (1964). Keratinized epidermal derivatives as an aid to climbing in gekkonid lizards. Nature (Lond.) 203: 780–781. Maderson, P. F. A. (1970). Lizard glands and lizard hands: models for evolutionary study. Forma Functio 3: 179–204. Müller, J. (2001). A new fossil species of Euleptes from the early Miocene of Montaigu, France (Reptilia, Gekkonidae). Amphib.-Reptilia 22: 341–348. Müller, J. & Mödden, C. (2001). A fossil leaf-toed gecko from the Oppenheim/Nierstein Quarry (Lower Miocene, Germany). J. Herpetol. 35: 529–532. Pasteur, G. (1995). Biodiversité et reptiles: diagnoses de sept nouvelles espèces fossils et actuelles du genre de lizards Lygodactylus (Sauria, Gekkonidae). Dumerilia 2: 1–21. Peters, W. (1865). [Ein] in fossilem Copalharz [eingeschlossener] Gekko, Hemidactylus, aus Zanzibar. Mber. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berl. 1865: 455–457. Peters, W. (1866). A fossil lizard in copal. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 17(3): 78–79. Poinar, G. O. Jr (1988). The amber ark. Nat. Hist. 97(12): 43–47. Poinar, G. O. Jr (1992). Life in amber. Stanford , CA : Stanford University Press. Poinar, G. O. Jr & Cannatella, D. C. (1987). An Upper Eocene frog from the Dominican Republic and its implication for Caribbean biogeography. Science 237: 1215–1216. Poinar, G. O. Jr & Poinar, R. (1994). The quest for life in amber. Reading , MA : Helix Books. de Queiroz, K., Chu, L.-R. & Losos, J. B. (1998). A second Anolis lizard in Dominican amber and the systematics and ecological morphology of Dominican amber anoles. Am. Mus. Novit. 3249: 1–23. Rage, J.-C. (1976). Les squamates du Miocène de Béni Mellal, Maroc. Géol. Medit. 3: 57–70. Rage, J.-C. (1978). Squamates. La poche à phosphate de Ste Néboule (Lot) et sa faune de vertebras du Ludien supérieur. Palaeovertebrata 8: 167–326. Rieppel, O. (1980). Green anole in Dominican amber. Nature (Lond.) 286: 486–487. Ritzkowski, S. (1997). K-Ar-Altersbestimmung der Bernsteinführenden Sedimente des Samlandes (Paläogen, Bezirk Kaliningrad). Metalla (Sonderheft) 66: 19–23. Russell, A. P. (1975). A contribution to the functional analysis of the foot of the tokay, Gekko gecko (Reptilia: Gekkonidae). J. Zool. (Lond.) 176: 437–476. Russell, A. P. (1976). Some comments concerning interrelationships amongst gekkonine geckos. In Morphology and biology of reptiles. Linnean Society Symposium Series No. 3: 217–244. A. d'A. Bellairs & C. B. Cox (Eds). London : Academic Press. Russell, A. P. (1979). Parallelism and integrated design in the foot structure of gekkonine and diplodactyline geckos. Copeia 1979: 1–21. Russell, A. P. & Bauer, A. M. (1990). Digit I in pad-bearing gekkonine geckos: alternate designs and the potential constraints of phalangeal number. Mem. Queensl. Mus. 29: 453–472. Vaillant, L. (1873a). Sur un geckotien de l'ambre jaune. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 10: 65–67. Vaillant, L. (1873b). Sur un geckotien de l'ambre jaune, 2e note. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 10: 97–98. Vaillant, L. (1874). Note rectificative sur l'Hemidactylus viscatus. Bull. Soc. Philomat. Paris 11: 8–9. Vaillant, L. (1875). Remarques sur les lézards de l'ambre et description d'un geckotien de la résine copale (Hemidactylus capensis, Smith). Ann. Sci. Géol. 6: 1–14, plate 19. Weitschat, W. & Wichard, W. (2002). Atlas of plants and animals in Baltic amber. München : Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil. Wermuth, H. (1966). Der Status von Platydactylus minutus Giebel 1862 (Reptilia, Sauria, Gekkonidae). Stuttg. Beitr. Naturkd. Staatl. Mus. Naturkd. 163: 1–6. Werner, Y. L. (1969). Eye size in geckos of various ecological types (Reptilia: Gekkonidae and Sphaerodactylidae). Isr. J. Zool. 18: 291–316. Citing Literature Volume265, Issue4April 2005Pages 327-332 ReferencesRelatedInformation