Zoe‐philic Desires: Wet media art and beyond
2008; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 14; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/13534640802159104
ISSN1460-700X
Autores Tópico(s)Neuroethics, Human Enhancement, Biomedical Innovations
ResumoClick to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. I would like to thank Ionat Zurr and Oron Catts for their helpful comments and the permission to reproduce the images. 2. A definition of bio art is debatable. For detailed arguments see: Jens Hauser, ‘Bio Art – Taxonomy of an Etymological Monster’, in Hybrid: Living in Paradox, ed. Gerfried Stocker and Christine Schopf (Linz: Ars Electronica, 2005), pp.181–92; and Eduardo Kac, ‘Art that Looks You in the Eye: Hybrids, Clones, Mutants, Synthetics, and Transgenics’, in Signs of Life. Bio Art and Beyond (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2007), pp.1–32. 3. Nikolas Rose, The Politics of Life Itself: Biomedicine, power and subjectivity in the Twenty‐First Century (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2006), p.83. 4. Due to the technical requirements some of the artworks‐wetworks can only be created and maintained in the laboratory environment. Therefore the public is offered only documentation of the work. However, sometimes a form of the lab is temporarily created in the gallery space, TC&A being a good example. 5. For more information on other projects of TC&A visit: ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au⟩. 6. Ionat Zurr, Oron Catts, ‘Are the Semi‐Living semi‐Good or semi‐Evil?’, ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/atGlance/pubMainFrames.html⟩. 7. Paul Rabinow, French DNA: Trouble in Purgatory (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2002), p.15. 8. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), p.19. More recently a similar idea was articulated by Giorgio Agamben in his book The Open: Man and Animal (Stanford University Press, 2004), p.15: ‘The division of life into vegetal and relational, organic and animal, animal and human, therefore passes first of all as a mobile border within living man, and without this intimate caesura the very decision of what is human and what is not would probably not be possible.’ 9. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition, p.316. 10. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions: On Nomadic Ethics (Cambridge: Polity Press, 2006), p.37. 11. Nikolas Rose, Politics, p.83. 12. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.41. 13. Dorion Sagan, ‘Metametazoa: Biology and Multiplicity’, in Incorporations, ed. Jonathan Crary and Stanford Kwinter (New York: Zone, 1992), pp.362–85 (p.368). 14. Donna J. Haraway, When Species Meet (London, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2008), p. 4. 15. Francis Fukuyama called transhumanism the most dangerous idea as it is no longer situated on the intellectual fringe due to the rapid developments in biomedicine. ‘Transhumanism’, Foreign Policy, (September/October 2004), pp.42–43. Transhumanist Nick Bostrom's response: ‘In Defence of Posthuman Dignity’, Bioethics, 19 (2005), pp.202–14. 16. Francis Fukuyama, ‘Transhumanism’, p.43 17. Another way to immortality would be to upload the mind to a computer and abandon biological life. 18. For a concise account on the debate see Nicholas Agar, ‘Whereto Transhumanism? The Literature Reaches a Critical Mass’, Hastings Center Report 37, no.3 (2007), pp.12–17. 19. Susan Merrill Squire, Liminal Lives. Imagining the Human at the Frontiers of Biomedicine (Durham: Duke University Press, 2004), p.9. 20. An on‐line comment posted by ‘honnalulu’ on ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/guestbook/guest.asp?page = 13⟩ [20/03/2005]. 21. Created in colaboration with Guy Ben‐Ary. 22. In the Guatemalan tradition, the worry dolls can take problems off troubled kids, so they can sleep well. 23. They were seeded with mouse cells of McCoy cell line. However, it is interesting to note that: ‘The cells were reported to have originated from the synovial fluid in the knee joint of a patient suffering from degenerative arthritis, and in 1965 Defendi, et al. showed that McCoy cells (designated McCoy A) were indeed human cells. However, another subline (designated McCoy B) was found to be of mouse origin and possessed marker chromosomes characteristic of strain L mouse fibroblasts. McCoy cells presumed to be human, but which were in fact mouse cells, have been disseminated from laboratory to laboratory throughout the world.’ ⟨http://www.viromed.com/services/product/mccoy.htm⟩. 24. ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/guestbook/guest.asp?page = 13⟩. 25. Ionat Zurr, Oron Catts, ‘Towards a New Class of Being: the Extended Body’, Intelligent Agent, ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/atGlance/pubMainFrames.html⟩ [06/02/2006]. 26. HeLa line, for a fascinating account see Hannah Landecker, ‘Immortality, in Vitro: A History of the HeLa Cell Line’, in Biotechnology and Culture: Bodies, Anxieties, Ethics, ed. Paul Brodwin (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2000), pp.53–74. 27. French biologist and Nobel Laureate Alexis Carrel wrongly argued that all normal body cells are immortal. This conviction was refuted by Leonard Hayflick in 1965. 28. Hannah Landecker, Culturing Life. How Cells Became Technologies (Boston: Harvard University Press, 2007), p.69. 29. Gilles Deleuze, Negotiations 1972–1990 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), p.143. 30. Michael West, The Immortal Cell. One Scientist's Quest to Solve the Mystery of Human Aging (New York: Doubleday, 2003). 31. West, M., Brown, D. J., ‘The Technology of Immortality: An Interview with Dr. Michael West’, (Smart Publications, 2007), ⟨http://www.smart‐publications.com/articles/MOM‐west.php⟩. 32. Michael West, The Immortal Cell. 33. Hannah Arendt, ‘The Modern Concept of History’, The Review of Politics, 20:4 (1958), pp.570–90 (p.576). 34. Susan Merrill Squire, Liminal Lives, p.268. 35. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition, p.321. 36. Hannah Arendt, The Human Condition, p.322. 37. Aubrey de Grey, ‘Concerns’, ⟨http://www.methuselahfoundation.org/index.php?pagename = concerns⟩; for controversy surrounding de Grey's perspective see Sherwin Nuland, ‘Do you want to live forever?’, Technological Review, Feb. 2005, ⟨http://www.technologyreview.com/Biotech/14147/page1/⟩. 38. Nick Bostrom, ‘Letter from Utopia’, ⟨http://www.nickbostrom.com/utopia.html⟩. 39. The research in longevity of mice plays a crucial role for human life extention therapies. The Methuselah Foundation offeres the Methuselah Mouse Prize to a scientific research team who develops the longest living mice, ⟨http://www.methuselahfoundation.org/mprize⟩. 40. Susan Merrill Squire, Liminal Lives. 41. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.211. 42. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.259. 43. Note a post by the famous transhumanist activist and leader Natasha Vita‐More who worries ‘that art+biotechnology practices are pointing a finger when they are doing exactly what they are pointing a finger at! Is it okay for artists to make wings on pigs, make fake food and give it to people to eat while, at the same time, criticizing people who want to live longer and improve their minds and bodies?’, ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/guestbook/guest.asp?page = 3⟩. 44. Ionat Zurr and Oron Catts, ‘Semi‐Good or Semi‐Evil?’, p.7. 45. Ionat Zurr and Oron Catts, ‘Semi‐Living Art’, in Signs of Life: Bio Art and Beyond, ed. Eduardo Kac (Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2007), pp.231–48 (p.239). 46. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.223. 47. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.205. 48. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.40. 49. Donna J. Haraway, Species, p.4. 50. ⟨http://www.tca.uwa.edu.au/guestbook/guest.asp?page = 90⟩. 51. Ionat Zurr and Oron Catts, ‘Extended’, p.4. 52. Dorion Sagan,‘Metametazoa’, p.368. 53. However, only when we manage to manufacture Wet Artificial Life, which is predicted to happen between three and ten years from now, will we break the present genealogy lines of life‐as‐we‐know‐it. Yet, even then, when the first cell will be created and kept alive, its very corporality will leave no doubt that such a life form also is embedded in the system of exchange between organic and inorganic in which all life partakes. 54. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.131. 55. Rosi Braidotti, Transpositions, p.130. 56. Donna Haraway, keynote address at the Kindred Spirits conference, ⟨http://www.homepages.indiana.edu/2006/09‐29/story.php?id = 854⟩.
Referência(s)