Measurement of Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes: Problems and Pitfalls
1992; Wiley; Volume: 9; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01830.x
ISSN1464-5491
AutoresRosemaryC Temple, P. Clark, C. N. Hales,
Tópico(s)Diabetes Management and Research
ResumoDiabetic MedicineVolume 9, Issue 6 p. 503-512 Measurement of Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes: Problems and Pitfalls R. Temple, Corresponding Author R. Temple Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QRSearch for more papers by this authorDr P.M.S. Clark, Dr P.M.S. Clark Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.N. Hales, C.N. Hales Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKSearch for more papers by this author R. Temple, Corresponding Author R. Temple Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2QRSearch for more papers by this authorDr P.M.S. Clark, Dr P.M.S. Clark Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKSearch for more papers by this authorC.N. Hales, C.N. Hales Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, UKSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1992 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-5491.1992.tb01830.xCitations: 66AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Yalow RS, Berson SA., Assay of plasma insulin in human subjects by immunological methods. Nature (Lond) 1959; 184: 1648– 1649. 2 Hales CN, Woodhead JS., Labeled antibodies and their use in the immunoradiometric assay. Meth Enzymology 1980; 70: 334– 355. 3 Steiner DF, Oyer PE., The biosynthesis of insulin and a probable precursor of insulin by a human islet cell adenoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1967; 57: 473– 480 4 Kemmler W., Peterson JD, Steiner DF., Studies on the conversion of proinsulin to insulin. J Biol Chem 1971; 246: 6786– 6791. 5 Lazarus NR, Gutman RA, Penhos JC, Recant L., Biologically active circulating proinsulin-like materials from an islet cell carcinoma patient. Diabetologia 1972; 8: 131– 135. 6 de Haën C., Little SA, May JM, Williams RH., Characterization of proinsulin-insulin intermediates in human plasma. J Clin Invest 1978; 62: 727– 737. 7 Fraser CG., Desirable performance standards for clinical chemistry tests. Adv Clin Chem 1983; 23: 299– 339. 8 Yalow RS, Berson SA., Immunoassay of endogenous plasma insulin in man. J Clin Invest 1960; 39: 1157– 1175. 9 de Fronzo RA, Ferrannini E., Koivisto V., New concepts in the pathogenesis and treatment of noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Am J Med 1983; 74: 52– 81. 10 Chiles R., Tzagournis M., Excessive serum insulin response to oral glucose in obesity and mild diabetes. Diabetes 1970; 19: 458– 464. 11 Jackson WPU, Van Mieghem W., Keller P., Insulin excess as the initial lesion in diabetes. Lancet 1972; 1: 1040– 1044. 12 Savage PJ, Dippe SE, Bennett PH, Gorden P., Roth J., Rushforth NB, et al., Hyperinsulinemia and hypoinsulinemia. Insulin responses to oral carbohydrate over a wide spectrum of glucose tolerance. Diabetes 1975; 24: 362– 368. 13 Reaven GM, Bernstein R., Davis B., Olefsky JM., Nonketotic diabetes mellitus: Insulin deficiency or insulin resistance? Am J Med 1976; 60: 80– 88. 14 Olefsky JM, Reaven GM., Insulin binding in diabetes. Relationships with plasma insulin levels and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 1977; 26: 680– 688. 15 Kosaka K., Hagura R., Kuzuya T., Insulin responses in equivocal and definite diabetes, with special reference to subjects who had mild glucose intolerance but later developed definite diabetes. Diabetes 1977; 26: 944– 952. 16 Zimmett P., Whitehouse S., Alford F., Chisholm D., The relationship of insulin response to a glucose stimulus over a wide range of glucose tolerance. Diabetologia 1978; 15: 23– 27. 17 Savage PJ, Bennion LJ, Flock EV, Nagulesparan FM, Mott D., Roth J., et al., Diet-induced improvement of abnormalities in insulin and glucagon secretion and in insulin receptor binding in diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979; 48: 999– 1007. 18 Bogardus C., Lillioja S., Howard BV, Reaven G., Mott D., Relationships between insulin secretion, insulin action, and fasting plasma glucose concentration in non-diabetic and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects. J Clin Invest 1984; 74: 1238– 1246. 19 Mohan V., Sharp PS, Cloke HR, Burrin JM, Schumer B., Kohner EM., Serum immunoreactive insulin responses to a glucose load in Asian Indian and European Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and control subjects. Diabetologia 1986; 29: 235– 237. 20 Kingston ME, Skoog WC., Maintenance of basal insulin secretion in severe non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Diabetes Care 1986; 9: 232– 235. 21 Deacon CF, Schleser-Mohr S., Ballmann M., Willims B., Conlon JM, Creutzfeldt W., Preferential release of proinsulin relative to insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1988; 119: 549– 554. 22 Yoshioka N., Kuzuya T., Matsuda A., Taniguchi M., Iwamoto Y., Serum proinsulin levels at fasting and after oral glucose load in patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1988; 31: 355– 360. 23 Reaven GM, Hollenbeck CB, Chen Y-DI, Relationship between glucose tolerance, insulin secretion, and insulin action in non-obese individuals with varying degrees of glucose tolerance. Diabetologia 1989; 32: 52– 55. 24 Johansen K., Normal initial plasma insulin response in mild diabetes. Metabolism 1972; 21: 1177– 1180. 25 Danowski TS, Khurana RC, Nolan S., Stephan T., Gegick CG, Chae S., et al., Insulin patterns in equivocal glucose tolerance tests (chemical diabetes). Diabetes 1973; 22: 808– 812. 26 Reaven GM, Olefsky JM., Relationship between heterogeneity of insulin responses and insulin resistance in normal subjects and patients with chemical diabetes. Diabetologia 1977; 13: 201– 206. 27 Berntorp K., Eriksson KF, Lindgärde F., The importance of diabetes heredity in lean subjects on insulin secretion, blood lipids and oxygen uptake in the pathogenesis of glucose intolerance. Diabetes Res, 1986; 3: 231– 236. 28 National Diabetes Data Group. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and other categories of glucose intolerance. Diabetes 1979; 28: 1039– 1057. 29 World Health Organisation: WHO Expert Committee on Diabetes Mellitus. Second Report 1980. WHO Tech. Rep. Series. 646, Geneva: WHO, 1980. 30 Hales CN, Randle PJ., Immunoassay of insulin with insulin-antibody precipitation. Biochem J 1963; 88: 137– 146. 31 Morgan CR, Lazarow A., Immunoassay of insulin: two antibody system. Plasma insulin levels of normal, sub-diabetic and diabetic rats. Diabetes 1963; 12: 115– 126. 32 Soeldner JS, Slone D., Critical variables in the radioimmunoassay of serum insulin using the double antibody technic. Diabetes 1965; 14: 771– 779. 33 Grodsky GM, Forsham PH., An immunochemical assay of total extractable insulin in man. J Clin Invest 1960; 39: 1070– 1079. 34 Beck LV, Zaharko DS, Roberts N., McNeil T., King C., Blankenbaker R., Insulin assay by combined use of I131 labelled insulin, anti-insulin serum and insulinase. Life Sci 1964; 3: 545– 550. 35 Herbert V., Lau KS, Gottlieb CW, Bleicher SJ., Coated charcoal immunoassay of insulin. J Clin Endocrinol 1965; 25: 1375– 1384. 36 Albano JDM, Ekins RP, Maritz G., Turner RC., A sensitive precise radioimmunoassay of serum insulin relying on charcoal separation of bound and free hormone moieties. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1972; 70: 487– 509. 37 Heding LG., Determination of total serum insulin in insulin-treated diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1972; 8: 260– 266. 38 Cotes PM, Mussett VM, Berryman I., Ekins R., Glover S., Hales N., et al., Collaborative study of estimates by radioimmunoassay of insulin concentrations in plasma samples examined in groups of five or six laboratories. J Endocrinol 1969; 45: 557– 569. 39 Shishiba Y., Takino H., Takagi A., Sato S., Irie M., The large 'kit to kit' variation in insulin radioimmunoassay is mainly due to the difference in standard concentration. Clin Chem 1982; 28: 2443– 2444. 40 Livesey JH, Donald RA., Prevention of adsorption losses during radioimmunoassay of polypeptide hormones; effectiveness of albumins, gelatine, caseins, Tween 20 and plasma. Clin Chim Acta 1982; 123: 193– 198. 41 Livesey JH, Hodgkinson SC, Roud HR, Donald RA., Effect of time, temperature, and freezing on the stability of immunoreactive LH, FSH, TSH, growth hormone, prolactin and insulin in plasma. Clin Biochem 1980; 13: 151– 155. 42 O'Rahilly S., Burnett MA, Smith RF, Darley JH, Turner RC., Haemolysis affects insulin, but not C-peptide immunoassay. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 394– 396. 43 Ward WK, LaCava EC, Paquette TL, Beard JC, Wallum BJ, Porte D. Jr., Disproportionate elevation of immunoreactive proinsulin in Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus and in experimental insulin resistance. Diabetologia 1987; 30: 698– 702. 44 Mako ME, Starr J., Rubenstein AH., Circulating proinsulin in patients with maturity onset diabetes. Am J Med 1977; 63: 865– 869. 45 Woodhead JS, Addison GM, Hales CN., Two site assay of human growth hormone. Horm Metab Res 1971; 3: 59– 60. 46 Kohler G., Milstein C., Continuous cultures of fused cells secreting antibody of predefined specificity. Nature 1975; 256: 495– 497. 47 Kohler G., Milstein C., Derivation of specific antibody-producing tissue culture and tumour lines by cell fusion. Eur J Immunol 1976; 6: 511– 519. 48 Siddle K., Monoclonal antibodies in clinical biochemistry. In: KGM Alberti, CP Price, eds., Recent Advances in Clinical Biochemistry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1985: 63– 102. 49 Tolvonen E., Hemmilä I., Marniemi J., Jørgensen PN, Zeuthen J., Lövgren T., Two-site time-resolved immuno-fluorometric assay of human insulin. Clin Chem 1986; 32: 637– 640. 50 Comitti R., Racchetti G., Guocchi P., Marandi E., Galeuti YM., A monoclonal based two-site enzyme immunoassay for human insulin. J Immunol Methods 1987; 99: 25– 37. 51 Burgi W., Briner M., Franken N., Kessler A-Ch., One-step sandwich enzyme immunoassay for insulin using monoclonal antibodies. Clin Biochem 1988; 21: 311– 314. 52 Storch MJ, Alexopoulos A., Kerp L., Evaluation of a solid-phase monoclonal antibody-based enzyme immunoassay for insulin in human serum. J Immunol Methods 1989; 119: 53– 57. 53 Storch MJ, Licht T., Peterson KG, Obermeier R., Kerp L., Specificity of monoclonal anti-human insulin antibodies. Diabetes 1987; 36: 1005– 1009. 54 Frank BH, Pettee JM, Zimmerman RE, Burck PH., The production of human proinsulin and its transformation into insulin and C-peptide. In: DH Rich, E. Grosse, eds. Peptides; Synthesis-Structure-Function. Proceedings of the Seventh American Peptide Symposium, Madison, WI Pierce Chemical Company, 1981: 729– 738. 55 Ekins RP., The precision profile: its use in assay design, assessment and quality control. In: WM Hunter, JET Corrie, eds. Immunoassays for Clinical Chemistry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983: 76– 105. 56 Jackson TM, Marshall NJ, Ekins RP., Optimisation of immunoradiometric (labelled antibody) assays. In: WM Hunter, JET Corrie, eds. Immunoassays for Clinical Chemistry. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1983, 557– 575. 57 Ekins RP, Dakubo S., The development of high sensitivity, pulsed light, time-resolved fluoroimmunoassays. J Pure Appl Chem 1985; 57: 473– 482. 58 Hinsberg WB, Milby KH, Zare RN., Determination of insulin in serum by enzyme immunoassay with fluorometric determination. Anal Chem 1981; 53: 1509– 1512. 59 Kekow J., Ulrichs K., Müller-Ruchholtz W., Gross WL., Measurement of rat insulin. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with increased sensitivity, high accuracy, and greater practicability than established radioimmunoassay. Diabetes 1988; 37: 321– 326. 60 Ruan K., Hashida S., Yoshitake S., Ishikawa E., Wakisaka O., Yamamoto Y., et al., A more sensitive and less time consuming sandwich enzyme immunoassay for insulin in human serum with less serum interference. Ann Clin Biochem 1986; 23: 54– 58. 61 Robbins DC, Tager HS, Rubenstein AH., Biologic and clinical importance of proinsulin. New Engl J Med 1984; 310: 1165– 1175. 62 Gorden P., Roth J., Plasma insulin: fluctuations in the 'big' insulin component in man after glucose and other stimuli. J Clin Invest 1969; 48: 2225– 2234. 63 Melani F., Rubenstein AH, Oyer PE, Steiner DF., Identification of proinsulin and C-peptide in human serum by a specific immunoassay. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1970; 67: 148– 155. 64 Kitabchi AE, Duckworth WC, Brush JS, Heinemann M., Direct measurement of proinsulin in human plasma by the use of an insulin-degrading enzyme. J Clin Invest 1971; 50: 1792– 1799. 65 Cresto JC, Lavine RL, Fink G., Recant L., Plasma proinsulin. Comparison of insulin specific protease and gel filtration assays. Diabetes 1974; 23: 505– 511. 66 Starr JI, Juhn DD, Rubenstein AH, Kitabchi AE., Degradation of insulin in serum by insulin-specific protease. J Lab Clin Med 1975; 86: 631– 637. 67 Heding LG., Specific and direct radioimmunoassay for human proinsulin in serum. Diabetologia 1977; 13: 467– 474. 68 Rainbow SJ, Woodhead JS, Yue DK, Luzio SD, Hales CN., Measurement of human proinsulin by an indirect two-site immunoradiometric assay. Diabetologia 1970; 17: 229– 234. 69 Gray IP, Siddle K., Docherty K., Frank BH, Hales CN., Proinsulin in human serum; problems in measurement and interpretation. Clin Endocrinol 1984; 21: 43– 47. 70 Kruse V., Heding LG, Jørgensen KH, Tronier B., Christensen M., Thim L., et al., Human proinsulin standards. Diabetologia 1984; 27: 414– 415. 71 Deacon CF, Conlon JM., Measurement of circulating human proinsulin concentrations using a proinsulin-specific antiserum. Diabetes 1985; 34: 491– 497. 72 Cohen RM, Given BD, Licinio-Paixao J., Provow SA, Rue PA, Frank BH, et al., Proinsulin radioimmunoassay in the evaluation of insulinomas and familial hyperproinsulinaemia. Metabolism 1986; 35: 1137– 1146. 73 Hartling SG, Dinesen B., Kappelgård AM, Faber OK, Binder C., ELISA for human proinsulin. Clin Chim Acta 1986; 156: 289– 298. 74 Temple RC, Clark PMS, Nagi DK, Schneider AE, Yudkin JS, Hales CN., Radioimmunoassay may overestimate insulin in non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Clin Endocrinol 1990; 32: 689– 693. 75 Clark PMS, Price CP, Braude P., An immunoradiometric assay for luteinising hormone (LH): an analytical and clinical evaluation. Ann Clin Biochem 1987; 24: suppl 1: 176– 178. 76 Sobey WJ, Beer SF, Carrington CA, Clark PMS, Frank BH, Gray IP, et al., Sensitive and specific two-site immunoradiometric assays for human insulin, proinsulin, 65–66 split, and 32–33 split proinsulins. Biochem J 1989; 260: 535– 541. 77 Boscato LM, Stuart MC., Incidence and specificity of interference in two-site immunoassays. Clin Chem 1986; 32: 1491– 1495. 78 Kohse KP, Wisser H., Antibodies as a source of analytical error. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem 1990; 28: 881– 892. 79 Temple RC, Carrington CA, Luzio SD, Owens DR, Schneider AE, Sobey WJ, et al., Insulin deficiency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Lancet 1989; 1: 293– 295. 80 Reaven GM, Chen Y-DI, Donner CC, Fraze E., Hollenbeck CB., How insulin resistant are patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1985; 61: 32– 36. 81 Donner CC, Fraze E., Chen Y-DI, Reaven GM., Quantitation of insulin-stimulated glucose disposal in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1985; 34: 831– 835. Citing Literature Volume9, Issue6July 1992Pages 503-512 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)