Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Virus-encoded Zinc Fingers as Targets for Antiviral Chemotherapy

1996; Wiley; Volume: 6; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1002/(sici)1099-1654(199612)6

1099-1654

William G. Rice, Jim A. Turpin,

HIV Research and Treatment

Reviews in Medical VirologyVolume 6, Issue 4 p. 187-199 Review Article Virus-encoded Zinc Fingers as Targets for Antiviral Chemotherapy W. G. Rice, W. G. Rice Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, SAIC Frederick, Building 431T-B, P.O. Box B, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. Turpin, J. A. Turpin Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, SAIC Frederick, Building 431T-B, P.O. Box B, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USASearch for more papers by this author W. G. Rice, W. G. Rice Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, SAIC Frederick, Building 431T-B, P.O. Box B, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USASearch for more papers by this authorJ. A. Turpin, J. A. Turpin Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Mechanisms, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment, Diagnosis and Centers, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, SAIC Frederick, Building 431T-B, P.O. Box B, Frederick MD 21702-1201, USASearch for more papers by this author First published: December 1996 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1654(199612)6:4 3.0.CO;2-FCitations: 28AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Coffin, J. M., (1995) HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis and therapy. Science 267, 483– 489. 2 Aldovini, A. and Young, R. A., (1990) Mutations of RNA and protein sequences involved in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 packaging result in production of non infectious virus. J. Virol. 64, 1920– 1926. 3 Dupraz, P., Oertle, S., Meric, C., Damay, P. and Spahr, P.-F., (1990) Point mutations in the proximal Cys-His box of Rous Sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein. J. Virol. 64, 4978– 4987. 4 Gorelick, R. J., Nigida, S. M., Jr., Bess, J. W., Jr., Arthur, L. O., Henderson, L. E. and Rein, A., (1990) Noninfectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 mutants deficient in genomic RNA. J. Virol. 64, 3207– 3211. 5 Rice, W. G., Schaeffer, C. A., Harten, B., et al. (1993) Inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity by zinc-ejecting aromatic C-nitroso compounds. Nature 361, 473– 475. 6 Rice, W. G., Supko, J. G., Malspeis, L., et al. (1995) Inhibitors of HIV nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers as candidates for the treatment of AIDS. Science 270, 1194– 1197. 7 Rice, W. G., Turpin, J. A., Arthur, L. O. and Henderson, L. E., (1995) Highly conserved retroviral zinc fingers as targets for HIV-1 therapeutic management. Int. Antivir. News 3, 87– 89. 8 Berg, J. M., (1986) Potential metal-binding domains in nucleic acid binding proteins. Science 232, 485– 487. 9 Henderson, L. E., Copeland, T. D., Sowder, R. C., Smythers, G. W. and Oroszlan, S., (1981) Primary structure of the low molecular weight nucleic acid-binding proteins of murine leukemia viruses. J. Biol. Chem. 256, 8400– 8406. 10 Chance, M. R., Sagi, I., Wirt, M. D., et al. (1992) Extended x-ray absorption fine structure studies of a retrovirus: equine infectious anemia virus cysteine arrays are coordinated to zinc. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 10041– 10045. 11 South, T. L. and Summers, M. F., (1990) Zinc fingers. Adv. Inorg. Biochem. Ser. 8, 199– 248. 12 Berg, J. M. and Shi, Y., (1996) The galvanization of biology: a growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science 271, 1081– 1085. 13 Temin, H. M., (1992) Origin and general nature of retroviruses. In, The Retroviridae, Volume 1, ed. by J. A. Levy, pp. 1– 18. Plenum Press, New York. 14 Temin, H. M., (1985) Reverse transcription in the eukaryotic genome: Retroviruses, pararetroviruses, retrotransposons and retrotranscripts. Mol. Biol. Evol. 2, 455. 15 Coffin, J. M., (1992) Structure and classification of retroviruses. In, The Retroviridae, Volume 1, ed. by J. A. Levy, pp. 19– 49. Plenum Press, New York. 16 Leis, J., Baltimore, D., Bishop, J. M., et al. (1988) Standardization and simplified nomenclature for proteins common to all retroviruses. J. Virol. 62, 1808– 1809. 17 McClure, M. O. and Erlwein, O., (1995) Foamy viruses-pathogenic or therapeutic potential? Rev. Med. Virol. 5, 229– 237. 18 Ho, D. D., Neumann, A. U., Perelson, A. S., Chen, W., Leonard, J. M. and Markowitz, J., (1995) Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature 373, 123– 126. 19 Wei, S., Ghosh, S. K., Taylor, M. E., et al. (1995) Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type I infection. Nature 373, 117– 122. 20 Johnston, M. I., (1996) HIV/AIDS vaccine development: challenges, progress and future directions. Rev. Med. Virol. 6, 123– 140. 21 Boucher, C. and Larder, B., (1995) HIV variation: consequences for antiviral therapy and disease progression. Rev. Med. Virol. 5, 7– 21. 22 Mellors, J. W., Larder, B. A. and Schinazi, R. F., (1995) Mutations in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease associated with drug resistance. Int. Antivir. News 3, 8– 13. 23 Larder, B. A., Kemp, S. D. and Harrigan, P. R., (1995) Potential mechanism for sustained antiretroviral efficacy of AZT/3TC combination therapy. Science 269, 696– 699. 24 St. Clair, M. H., Martin, J. L., Tudor-Williams, G., et al. (1991) Resistance to ddI and sensitivity to AZT induced by a mutation in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Science 245, 1557– 1559. 25 Mellors, J. W., Dutschman, G. E., Im, G. J., Tramontano, E., Winkler, S. R. and Cheng, Y. C., (1992) in vitro selection and molecular characterization of human immunodeficiency virus-1 resistant to non-nucleoside inhibitors of reverse transcriptase. Mol. Pharmacol. 41, 446– 451. (Erratum 42, 174.) 26 South, T. L., Blake, P. R., Sowder II, R. C., Arthur, L. O., Henderson, L. E. and Summers, M. F., (1990) The nucleocapsid protein isolated from HIV-1 particles binds zinc and forms retroviral-type zinc fingers. Biochemistry 29, 7786– 7789. 27 Summers, M. F., Henderson, L. E., Chance, M. R., et al. (1992) Nucleocapsid zinc fingers detected in retro-viruses: EXAFS studies of intact viruses and the solution-state structure of the nucleocapsid protein from HIV-1. Protein Sci. 1, 563– 574. 28 Maurer, B., Bannert, H., Darai, G. and Flügel, R. M., (1988) Analysis of the primary structure of the long terminal repeat and the gag and pol genes of the human retroviruses. J. Virol. 62, 1590– 1597. 29 Bowles, N. E., Damay, P. and Spahr, P.-F., (1993) Effect of rearrangement and duplications of the Cys-His motifs of Rous Sarcoma virus nucleocapsid protein. J. Virol. 67, 623– 631. 30 Dorfman, T., Luban, J., Goff, S. P., Haseltine, W. A. and Göttlinger, H. G., (1993) Mapping of functionally important residues of a cysteine-histidine box in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein. J. Virol. 67, 6159– 6169. 31 Gorelick, R. J., Chabot, D. J., Rein, A., Henderson, L. E. and Arthur, L. O., (1993) The two zinc fingers in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein are not functionally equivalent. J. Virol. 67, 4027– 4036. 32 Gorelick, R. J., Henderson, L. E., Hanser, J. P. and Rein, A., (1988) Point mutations of Moloney murine leukemia virus that fail to package viral RNA: evidence for specific RNA recognition by a "zinc finger-like" protein sequence. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 85, 8420– 8424. 33 Kaplan, A. H. and Swanstrom, R., (1991) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag proteins are processed in two cellular compartments. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4528– 4532. 34 Pillay, D., Bryant, M., Getman, D. and Richman, D. D., (1995) HIV-1 protease inhibitors: Their development mechanism of action and clinical potential. Rev. Med. Vir. 3, 23– 33. 35 Henderson, L. E., Bowers, M. A., Sowder, R. C., et al. (1992) Gag proteins of the highly replicative NM strain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: post-translational modifications, proteolytic processing and complete amino acid sequences. J. Virol. 66, 1856– 1865. 36 Darlix, J.-L., Vincent, A., Gabus, C., De Rocquigny, H. and Roques, B., (1993) Trans-activation of the 5′ to 3′ viral DNA strand transfer by nucleocapsid protein during reverse transcription of HIV-1 RNA. C. R. Acad. Sci. III 316, 763– 771. 37 Rodriguez-Rodriguez, L., Tsuchihashi, Z., Fuentes, G. M., Bambara, R. A. and Fay, P. J., (1995) Influence of human immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein on synthesis and strand transfer by the reverse transcriptase in vitro. J. Biol. Chem. 270, 15005– 15011. 38 Tranchou, V., Gabus, C., Rogemondk, V. and Darlix, J.-L., (1995) Formation of stable and functional HIV-1 nucleoprotein complexes in vitro. J. Mol. Biol. 252, 563– 571. 39 You, J. C. and McHenery, C. S., (1994) Human immunodeficiency virus nucleocapsid protein accelerates strand transfer of the terminally redundant sequences involved in reverse transcription. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 31491– 31495. 40 Rice, W. G. and Bader, J. P., (1995) Discovery and in vitro development of AIDS antiviral drugs as bio-pharmaceuticals. In, Advances in Pharmacology, Volume 33, ed. by J. T. August, M. W. Anders, F. Murad and J. T. Coyle, pp. 389– 438. Academic Press, San Diego. 41 Yu, X., Hathout, Y., Fenselau, C., et al. (1995) Specific disulfide formation in the oxidation of HIV-1 zinc finger protein nucleocapsid p7. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 8, 586– 590. 42 Rice, W. G., Schaeffer, C. A., Graham, L., et al. (1993) The site of action of 3-nitrosobenzamide on the infectivity process of human immunodeficiency virus in human lymphocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 90, 9721– 9724. 43 Rice, W. G., Arthur, L. O., Henderson, L. E. and Turpin, J. A., (1996) Discovery and development of disulfide-substituted benzamides as candidate anti-HIV drugs. Int. Antivir. News 4, 3– 6. 44 Rein, A., Ott, D. E., Mirro, J., Arthur, L. O., Rice, W. G. and Henderson, L. E., (1996) Inactivation of murine leukemia virus by compounds that react with the zinc finger in the viral nucleocapsid protein. J. Virol. 70; 4966– 4972. 45 Turpin, J. A., Schaeffer, C. A., Terpening, S. J., et al. (1996) Retroviral zinc finger inhibitors mimic the action of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in vitro. Antiviral Chemistry and Chemotherapy. in press. 46 Turpin, J. A., Terpening, S. J., Schaeffer, C. A., et al. (1996) Inhibitors of HIV-1 zinc fingers preventing normal processing of Gag precursors and result in the release of noninfectious virus particles. J. Virol. 70, 6180– 6189. 47 Frederickson, C. J., Kasarskis, E. J., Ringo, D. and Frederickson, R. E., (1987) A quinoline fluorescence method for visualizing and assaying the histochemically reactive zinc (bouton zinc) in the brain. J. Neurosci. Meth. 20, 91– 103. 48 Rice, W. G., Turpin, J. A., Schaeffer, C. A., et al. (1996) Evaluation of selected chemotypes in coupled cellular and molecular target-based screens identifies novel HIV-1 zinc finger inhibitors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. in press. 49 Myers, L. C., Terranova, M. P., Ferentz, A. E., Wagner, G. and Verdine, G. L., (1993) Repair of DNA methylphosphotriesters through a metallo-activated cysteine nucleophile. Science 261, 1164– 1167. 50 Maret, W., (1994) Oxidative metal release from metallothionein via zinc-thiol/disulfide interchange. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 91, 237– 241. 51 Kortemme, T. and Creighton, T. E., (1995) Ionisation of cysteine residues at the termini of model α-helical peptides. Relevance to unusual thiol pKa values in proteins of the thioredoxin family. J. Mol. Biol. 253, 799– 812. 52 Gorelick, R. J., Chabot, D. J., Ott, D. E., et al. (1996) Genetic analysis of the zinc finger in the moloney murine leukemia virus nucleocapsid domain: Replacement of zinc-coordinating residues with other zinc-coordinating residues yields noninfectious particles containing genomic RNA. J. Virol. 70, 2593– 2597. 53 Déméné, H., Dong, C. Z., Ottmann, M., et al. (1994) 1H NMR Structure and biological studies of the His23 Cys mutant nucleocapsid protein of HIV-1 indicate that the conformation of the first zinc finger is critical for virus infectivity. Biochemistry 33, 11707– 11716. 54 Bellomo, G., Vairetti, M., Stivala, L., Mirabelli, F., Richelmi, P. and Orrenius, S., (1992) Demonstration of nuclear compartmentalization of glutathione in hepatocytes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 89, 4412– 4416. 55 Gilbert, H. F., (1990) Molecular and cellular aspects of thiol-disulfide exchange. Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol. 63, 69– 172. 56 Hwang, C., Sinskey, A. J. and Lodish, H. F., (1992) Oxidized redox state of glutathione in the endoplasmic reticulum. Science 257, 1496– 1502. 57 Ziegler, D. M., (1985) Role of reversible oxidation-reduction of enzyme thiols-disulfides in metabolic regulation. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 54, 305– 329. Citing Literature Volume6, Issue4December 1996Pages 187-199 ReferencesRelatedInformation