MANORIAL WASTES, ENCROACHMENTS, AND INDUSTRY IN GLAMORGANSHIRE
1974; Wiley; Volume: 18; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1541-0064.1974.tb00128.x
ISSN1541-0064
Autores Tópico(s)Scottish History and National Identity
ResumoCanadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennesVolume 18, Issue 3 p. 265-280 MANORIAL WASTES, ENCROACHMENTS, AND INDUSTRY IN GLAMORGANSHIRE BRIAN S. OSBORNE, BRIAN S. OSBORNE Queen's UniversitySearch for more papers by this author BRIAN S. OSBORNE, BRIAN S. OSBORNE Queen's UniversitySearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1974 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0064.1974.tb00128.xCitations: 1AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL REFERENCES 1 Report of the Royal Commission on Land in Wales and Monmouthshire (London, 1896), 547. For details of the distribution of commonlands throughout Wales, see The Report of the Royal Commission on Common Land, 1955–1958 (London, 1958), Cmnd. 462.; also, STAMP, L. D., and HOSKINS, W. G., The Common Lands of England and Wales (London, 1963). 2 For examples of this literature see the following: Davies, W. L., “The Henllan Enclosure Award,” Bull. Board of Celtic Studies, 9 (193739), 247– 71; THOMAS, J. G., “The Distribution of the Commons in Part of Arwystli at the Time of Enclosure,” Montgomeryshire Collections, 4 (1955), 27–33; idem, “Some Enclosure Patterns in Central Wales,” Geography, 42 (1957), 25–36; idem, “Settlement Patterns,” in BOWEN, E. G. (ED.), Wales, a Physical, Historical and Regional Geography (London, 1965), 141-57; THOMAS, D., Agriculture in Wales during the Napoleonic Wars: A Study of Geographical Interpretations of Historical Sources (Cardiff, 1963), 130-44; THOMAS, C, “Enclosure and the Rural Landscape of Marioneth in the Sixteenth Century,” Trans. Inst. Brit. Geog., 42 (1967), 153-62; PRINCE, H., “Land Settlement and society: Report of the Conference Convened for the Historical Geography Research Group,” Area 5, No. 3 (1973), 199–200. 3 By the Commons Act, 1236, the lord could “approve” or enclose the waste provided he left a sufficiency of pasture for the commoners' livestock. 4 National Library of Wales, Dunraven Collection, Book of Surveys, Survey of Newcastle, 1632. 5 National Library of Wales, Bute Collection, Box 91, PCI. B, Item 2, Survey of Senghenydd, 1625. 6 Ibid., PCI. H, Item 4, “Encroachments on Gellygare,” 1842. 7 Ibid., PCI. G, Item 21, “Senghenydd Common,” 1914. 8 Derived from rhosfa, which means darn o fynydd He powr defaid or un ffarm, i.e. “part of a mountain where the sheep of one farm graze,”“mountain pasture.”. 9 Report of the Select Committee on Commons Enclosure(Londor\, 1844), Evidence 6, 239. 10 Report of the Royal Commission, 1896, p. 570. 11 Report of the Select Committee 1844, Evidence 6, 236. 12 Report of the Royal Commission on Labour, The Agricultural Labourer in Wales (1893), p. 84. 13 The details for the ensuing section are derived from a nineteenth century map of encroachments undertaken by the Duchy of Lancaster. The key map is in the National Library of Wales Map Collection, Dunraven Map, No. 1. Documentary support material is also to be found in the Dunraven Collection. 14 Ffridd or porfa defaid, i.e. “mountain sheep walk”; coed-cae or, literally, “the wood-field.” Both terms relate to rough grazing land, often the most recently enclosed sections of the farm unit. 15 National Library of Wales, Dunraven Collection, Earl of Dunraven v. Llewellyn, 18 Aug. 1849. 16 Ibid., item 142, 2 May 1832. 17 Cardiff City Library, Mse. 4.850, D. Stewart, “The Extent of the Mineral Property of the Marquess of Bute,” 1823. 18 Cardiff City Library, ibid., Bute Collection, xvm, mss. 21, “Report on His Grace the Duke of Beaufort's Collieries in Glamorganshire” by J. Buddie, October 1832. 19 D. Stewart, note 17. 20 Report of the Select Committee 1844, Evidence vol. 4, 681-4. 21 D. Stewart, note 17. 22 Ibid. It should be pointed out that during the pre-industrial period the lord of the manor was also active in disposing of the then unprofitable wasteland. For example, between 1629 and 1640 approximately 1,500 acres of Hirwaun Grwgan were granted to various claimants by the lord of the manor, the Earl of Pembroke. 23 D. Stewart, note 17. 24 National Library of Wales, Dunraven Collection, item 435. 25 Duchy of Lancaster Estate Offices, “Report on Encroachments, Mines, etc.,” 1859. 26 D. Stewart, note 17. 27 Ibid.. 28 Ibid.. 29 Ibid.. 30 Ibid. Such was the importance of the one Bute “outlet” farm in this area that the steward foresaw the development of a settlement on this site. 31 Ibid.. 32 Ibid.. 33 Ibid.. 34 Ibid. The benevolence of his immediate superiors was not so apparent, however. Stewart's effectiveness as an estate agent was questioned by Bute and much of the material used in this study was generated by their disagreement over the management of mineral property. Citing Literature Volume18, Issue3September 1974Pages 265-280 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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