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What animals mean, in Moby-Dick , for example

2005; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 19; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0950236042000329663

1470-1308

Philip Armstrong,

Ecocriticism and Environmental Literature

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. John Berger, “Animal world”, New Society, 18 (1971), pp. 1042–3: p. 1043. 2. Marjorie Garber, Dog Love (New York: Touchstone, 1997), p. 42. 3. Erica Fudge, Animal (London: Reaktion, 2002), p.22. 4. Annabelle Sabloff, Reordering the Natural World (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2001), p. 15. 5. Donna Haraway, Simians, Cyborgs and Women (London: Routledge, 1991), p. 201. 6. Steve Baker, The Postmodern Animal (London: Reaktion, 2000), p. 82. 7. One exception would be Marian Scholtmeijer's consideration of animal “resistance” in her book Animal Victims in Modern Fiction (Toronto: U. of Toronto P., 1993), pp. 55–69; see also Scholtmeijer's brief mention of Moby-Dick (pp. 50–1). 8. John Simons, Animal Rights and the Politics of Literary Representation (New York: Palgrave, 2002), pp. 5–6, 85–7. 9. Chris Philo and Chris Wilbert (ed.) Animal Spaces, Beastly Places (London: Routledge, 2000), p. 5. 10. Jonathan Burt, Animals in Film (London: Reaktion, 2002), p. 31. 11. Philo and Wilbert, Animal Spaces, pp. 15–16. 12. Bruno Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, trans. Catherine Porter (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993), pp. 10–11. 13. Philo and Wilbert, Animal Spaces, p. 16. 14. Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, p. 89. 15. Hence the power of allegorical readings of the novel such as Alan Heimert's “Moby-Dick and American political symbolism”, American Quarterly, 15.4 (1963), pp. 498–534. 16. For a critique of some ideological assumptions governing ecocritical approaches, see my article, “Moby-Dick and compassion”, Society and Animals, 12.1 (2004), pp. 19–37. 17. Robert Zoellner, The Salt-Sea Mastodon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), pp. 146–65. 18. Robert Zoellner, The Salt-Sea Mastodon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), pp. 247–66. 19. Robert Zoellner, The Salt-Sea Mastodon (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), p. 266. 20. Throughout this article, chapter and page numbers in parentheses indicate citations from Herman Melville, Moby-Dick: A Norton Critical Edition, ed. Hershel Parker and Harrison Hayford (2nd edn) (New York: Norton, 2002). 21. Richard Brodhead, “Trying all things: an introduction to Moby-Dick”, New Essays on Moby-Dick, ed. Richard Brodhead (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986), p. 3. 22. Zoellner, The Salt-Sea Mastodon, pp. 151–2. 23. Howard Vincent, The Trying-out of Moby-Dick (Cambridge, MA: Riverside, 1949), pp. 132–3. 24. William Scoresby, Journal of a Voyage to the Northern Whale-Fishery (Edinburgh: Archibald Constable, 1923), p. 135. 25. Vincent, The Trying-out of Moby-Disk, p. 166. 26. Thomas Beale, The Natural History of the Sperm Whale (London: John van Voorst, 1839), pp. 9–10. 27. Frederick Bennett, Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Around the Globe from the Year 1833 to 1836 (London: Richard Bentley, 1840), vol. II, pp. 176–7. 28. Frederick Bennett, Narrative of a Whaling Voyage Around the Globe from the Year 1833 to 1836 (London: Richard Bentley, 1840), vol. II, pp. 215–20; vol. I, pp. 265–6; vol. I, pp. 177–8, 205; vol. II, pp. 213–14. 29. Beale, Natural History, p. 91; for other accounts of these rogues, see Bennett Narrative of a Whaling Voyage, vol. II, p. 220. 30. Jeremiah Reynolds, “Mocha Dick:, Or, the White Whale of the Pacific”, Moby-Dick, ed. Parker and Hayford, pp. 549–65. 31. Owen Chase, The Wreck of the Whaleship Essex (1821; London: Review, 2000), pp. 33–5. 32. Charles Olson, Call Me Ishmael (San Francisco, CA: City Lights, 1947), p. 12. 33. Chase, Wreck, pp. 23–4. 34. Reynolds, “Mocha Dick”, pp. 564–5. 35. Alexander Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery (1882; Secaucus, NJ: Castle, 1989), p. 122. 36. See Francis Olmsted's Incidents of a Whaling Voyage (1841; Rutland: Charles E. Tuttle 1969), pp. 144–5, which Melville knew. In the year of Moby-Dick's publication, a Punch burlesque and an American opinion piece demonstrated urban intellectual disdain for such stories: see Clement Sawtell's The Ship Ann Alexander of New Bedford, 1805–1851 (Mystic, CT: Marine Historical Association, 1962), pp. 87–94. 37. For a survey of anthropomorphic representations of the animal in the nineteenth century, see Christine Kenyon-Jones, Kindred Brutes: Animals in Romantic-period Writing (Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001). For my own analysis of Melville's anthropomorphism see ““Leviathan is a skein of networks”: translating nature and culture in Moby-Dick”, ELH, 71 (2004), 1039–1063. 38. Zoellner, The Salt-Sea Mastodon, pp. 264–5. 39. Michael Rogin, Subversive Genealogy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), p. 118. 40. Latour, We Have Never Been Modern, pp. 106–7.