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Systematic Identification and Analysis of Exonic Splicing Silencers

2004; Cell Press; Volume: 119; Issue: 6 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.cell.2004.11.010

1097-4172

Zefeng Wang, Michael E. Rolish, G Yeo, Vivian Tung, Matthew Mawson, Christopher B. Burge,

RNA modifications and cancer

Exonic splicing silencers (ESSs) are cis-regulatory elements that inhibit the use of adjacent splice sites, often contributing to alternative splicing (AS). To systematically identify ESSs, an in vivo splicing reporter system was developed to screen a library of random decanucleotides. The screen yielded 141 ESS decamers, 133 of which were unique. The silencer activity of over a dozen of these sequences was also confirmed in a heterologous exon/intron context and in a second cell type. Of the unique ESS decamers, most could be clustered into groups to yield seven putative ESS motifs, some resembling known motifs bound by hnRNPs H and A1. Potential roles of ESSs in constitutive splicing were explored using an algorithm, ExonScan, which simulates splicing based on known or putative splicing-related motifs. ExonScan and related bioinformatic analyses suggest that these ESS motifs play important roles in suppression of pseudoexons, in splice site definition, and in AS.