Structure and Function of Clostridium botulinum Toxins
1995; Wiley; Volume: 39; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Romeno
10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02184.x
ISSN1348-0421
AutoresKeiji Oguma, Yukako Fujinaga, Kaoru Inoue,
Tópico(s)Neurological disorders and treatments
ResumoMicrobiology and ImmunologyVolume 39, Issue 3 p. 161-168 MinireviewFree Access Structure and Function of Clostridium botulinum Toxins Keiji Oguma, Corresponding Author Keiji Oguma Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanAddress correspondence to Dr. Keiji Oguma, Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Okayama 700, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorYukako Fujinaga, Yukako Fujinaga Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKaoru Inoue, Kaoru Inoue Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanSearch for more papers by this author Keiji Oguma, Corresponding Author Keiji Oguma Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanAddress correspondence to Dr. Keiji Oguma, Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama, Okayama 700, Japan.Search for more papers by this authorYukako Fujinaga, Yukako Fujinaga Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanSearch for more papers by this authorKaoru Inoue, Kaoru Inoue Department of Bacteriology, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama, 700 JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 1995 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02184.xCitations: 121AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abbreviations Ach acetylcholine cha type C hemagglutinin component gene cnt type C nontoxic-nonHA component gene ctx type C neurotoxin gene HA hemagglutinin Mr molecular mass H chain heavy chain L chain light chain ORF open reading frame. References 1Agui, T., Syuto, B., Oguma, K., Iida, H., and Kubo, S. 1983. Binding of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin to rat brain synaptosomes. J. Biochem. Tokyo 94: 521– 527. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2Agui, T., Syuto, B., Oguma, K., Iida, H., and Kubo, S. 1985. The structural relation between the antigenic determinants to monoclonal antibodies and binding sites to rat brain synaptosomes and GT1b ganglioside in Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin. J. Biochem. Tokyo 97: 213– 218. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3Binz, T., Blasi, J., Yamasaki, S., Baumeister, A., Link, E., Sudhof, T.C., Jahn, R., and Niemann, H. 1994. Proteolysis of SNAP-25 by types E and A botulinal neurotoxins. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 1617– 1620. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4Binz, T., Kurazono, H., Popoff, M.R., Eklund, M.W., Sakaguchi, G., Kozaki, S., Krieglstein, K., Henschen, A., Gill, D.M., and Niemann, H. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin type D. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 5556. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 5Binz, T., Kurazono, H., Wille, M., Frevert, J., Wernars, K., and Niemann, H. 1990. The complete sequence of botulinum neurotoxin type A and comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 9153– 9158. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 6Black, J.D., and Dolly, J.O. 1986. Interaction of 125I-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. I. Ultrastructural autoradiographic localization and quantitation of distinct membrane acceptors for types A and B on motor nerves. J. Cell Biol. 103: 521– 534. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 7Black, J.D., and Dolly, J.O. 1986. Interaction of 125I-labeled botulinum neurotoxins with nerve terminals. II. Autoradiographic evidence for its uptake into motor nerves by acceptor-mediated endocytosis. J. Cell Biol. 103: 535– 544. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 8Blasi, J., Chapman, E.R., Link, E., Binz, T., Yamasaki, S., De, C.P., Sudhof, T.C., Niemann, H., and Jahn, R. 1993. Botulinum neurotoxin A selectively cleaves the synaptic protein SNAP-25 [see comments]. Nature 365: 160– 163. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9Blasi, J., Chapman, E.R., Yamasaki, S., Binz, T., Niemann, H., and Jahn, R., 1993. Botulinum neurotoxin C1 blocks neurotransmitter release by means of cleaving HPC-1/syntaxin. EMBO J. 12: 4821– 4828. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 10Blaustein, R.O., Germann, W.J., Finkelstein, A., and DasGupta, B.R. 1987. The N-terminal half of the heavy chain of botulinum type A neurotoxin forms channels in planar phospholipid bilayers. FEBS Lett. 226: 115– 120. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 11Campbell, K., Collins, M.D., and East, A.K. 1993. Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for Clostridium botulinum (Clostridium argentinense) type G neurotoxin: genealogical comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1216: 487– 491. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12DasGupta, B.R., and Sugiyama, H. 1972. A common subunit structure in Clostridium botulinum type A, B and E toxins. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 48: 108– 112. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13East, A.K., and Collins, M.D. 1994. Conserved structure of genes encoding components of botulinum neurotoxin complex M and the sequence of the gene coding for the nontoxic component in nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum type F. Curr. Microbiol. 29: 69– 77. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 14East, A.K., Richardson, P.T., Allaway, D., Collins, M.D., Roberts, T.A., and Thompson, D.E. 1992. Sequence of the gene encoding type F neurotoxin of Clostridium botulinum. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 75: 225– 230. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15Eisel, U., Jarausch, W., Goretzki, K., Henschen, A., Engels, J., Weller, U., Hudel, M., Habermann, E., and Niemann, H. 1986. Tetanus toxin: primary structure, expression in E. coli, and homology with botulinum toxins. EMBO J. 5: 2495– 2502. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16Eklund, M.W., Poysky, F.T., Reed, S.M., and Smith, C.A. 1971. Bacteriophage and the toxigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C. Science 172: 480– 482. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 17Fairweather, N.F., and Lyness, V.A. 1986. The complete nucleotide sequence of tetanus toxin. Nucleic Acids Res. 14: 7809– 7812. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 18Fujii, N., Kimura, K., Yokosawa, N., Yashiki, T., Tsuzuki, K., and Oguma, K. 1993. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the nontoxic component of Clostridium botulinum type E progenitor toxin. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139: 79– 86. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19Fujinaga, Y., Inoue, K., Shimazaki, S., Tomochika, K., Tsuzuki, K., Fujii, N., Watanabe, T., Ohyama, T., Takeshi, K., Inoue, K., and Oguma, K. 1994. Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin and its gene organization. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 205: 1291– 1298. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20Hauser, D., Eklund, M.W., Boquet, P., and Popoff, M.R. 1994. Organization of the botulinum neurotoxin C1 gene and its associated non-toxic protein genes in Clostridium botulinum C 468. Mol. Gen. Genet. 243: 631– 640. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21Hauser, D., Eklund, M.W., Kurazono, H., Binz, T., Niemann, H., Gill, D.M., Boquet, P., and Popoff, M.R. 1990. Nucleotide sequence of Clostridium botulinum C1 neurotoxin. Nucleic Acids Res. 18: 4924. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22Hutson, R.A., Collins, M.D., East, A.K., and Thompson, D.E. 1994. Nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for non-proteolytic Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin; comparison with other clostridial neurotoxins. Curr. Microbiol. 28: 101– 110. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 23Inoue, K., and Iida, H. 1970. Conversion of toxigenicity in Clostridium botulinum type C. Jpn. J. Microbiol. 14: 87– 89. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 24Kimura, K., Fujii, N., Tsuzuki, K., Murakami, T., Indoh, T., Yokosawa, N., Takeshi, K., Syuto, B., and Oguma, K. 1990. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for botulinum type C1 toxin in the C-ST phage genome. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171: 1304– 1311. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25 K. Kimura, N. Fujii, K. Tsuzuki, N. Yokosawa, and K. Oguma 1992. The functional domains of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin, p. 375– 385. In P. Gopalakrishnakone, and C.K. Tan (eds), Recent advances in toxinology research, Venom and toxin research group, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Google Scholar 26Kitamura, M., Iwamori, M., and Nagai, Y. 1980. Interaction between Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin and gangliosides. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 628: 328– 335. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 27Kitamura, M., Sakaguchi, S., and Sakaguchi, G. 1968. Purification and some properties of Clostridium botulinum type E toxin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 168: 207– 217. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28Kozaki, S., Kamata, Y., Nagai, T., Ogasawara, J., and Sakaguchi, G. 1986. The use of monoclonal antibodies to analyze the structure of Clostridium botulinum type E derivative toxin. Infect. Immun. 52: 786– 791. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29Kozaki, S., Sakaguchi, S., and Sakaguchi, G. 1974. Purification and some properties of progenitor toxins of Clostridium botulinum type B. Infect. Immun. 10: 750– 756. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30Link, E., Edelmann, L., Chou, J.H., Binz, T., Yamasaki, S., Eisel, U., Baumert, M., Sudhof, T.C., Niemann, H., and Jahn, R. 1992. Tetanus toxin action: inhibition of neurotransmitter release linked to synaptobrevin proteolysis. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 189: 1017– 1023. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31Miyazaki, S., Iwasaki, M., and Sakaguchi, G. 1977. Clostridium botulinum type D toxin: purification, molecular structure, and some immunological properties. Infect. Immun. 17: 395– 401. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 32Nishiki, T., Kamata, Y., Nemoto, Y., Omori, A., Ito, T., Takahashi, M., and Kozaki, S. 1994. Identification of protein receptor for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin in rat brain synaptosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 10498– 10503. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 33Nukina, M., Mochida, Y., Sakaguchi, S., and Sakaguchi, G. 1988. Purification of Clostridium botulinum type G progenitor toxin. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. A 268: 220– 227. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 34Ogasawara, J., Kamata, Y., Sakaguchi, G., and Kozaki, S. 1991. Properties of a protease-sensitive acceptor component in mouse brain synaptosomes for Clostridium botulinum type B neurotoxin. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 63: 351– 355. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 35Oguma, K., Iida, H., and Shiozaki, M. 1976. Phage conversion to hemagglutinin production in Clostridium botulinum types C and D. Infect. Immun. 14: 597– 602. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 36Oguma, K., Iida, H., Shiozaki, M., and Inoue, K. 1976. Antigenicity of converting phages obtained from Clostridium botulinum types C and D. Infect. Immun. 13: 855– 860. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 37Oguma, K., Murayama, S., Syuto, B., Iida, H., and Kubo, S. 1984. Analysis of antigenicity of Clostridium botulinum type C1 and D toxins by polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Infect. Immun. 43: 584– 588. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 38Ohishi, I., and Sakaguchi, G. 1975. Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type F progenitor toxin. Appl. Microbiol. 29: 444– 447. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 39Ohishi, I., and Sakaguchi, G. 1980. Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type C and D toxins of different molecular sizes. Infect. Immun. 28: 303– 309. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 40Ohishi, I., Sugii, S., and Sakaguchi, G. 1977. Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum toxins in response to molecular size. Infect. Immun. 16: 107– 109. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 41Poulet, S., Hauser, D., Quanz, M., Niemann, H., and Popoff, M.R. 1992. Sequences of the botulinal neurotoxin E derived from Clostridium botulinum type E (strain Beluga) and Clostridium butyricum (strains ATCC 43181 and ATCC 43755). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183: 107– 113. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 42Sakaguchi, G., and Sakaguchi, S. 1974. Oral toxicities of Clostridium botulinum type E toxins of different forms. Jpn. J. Med. Sci. Biol. 27: 241– 244. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 43Schiavo, G., Benfenati, F., Poulain, B., Rossetto, O., Polverino, d.L.P., DasGupta, B.R., and Montecucco, C. 1992. Tetanus and botulinum-B neurotoxins block neurotransmitter release by proteolytic cleavage of synaptobrevin [see comments]. Nature 359: 832– 835. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 44Schiavo, G., Malizio, C., Trimble, W.S., Polverino, d.L.P., Milan, G., Sugiyama, H., Johnson, E.A., and Montecucco, C. 1994. Botulinum G neurotoxin cleaves VAMP/synaptobrevin at a single Ala-Ala peptide bond. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 20213– 20216. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 45Schiavo, G., Poulain, B., Rossetto, O., Benfenati, F., Tauc, L., and Montecucco, C. 1992. Tetanus toxin is a zinc protein and its inhibition of neurotransmitter release and protease activity depend on zinc. EMBO J. 11: 3577– 3583. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 46Schiavo, G., Rossetto, O., Catsicas, S., Polverino, d.L.P., DasGupta, B.R., Benfenati, F., and Montecucco, C. 1993. Identification of the nerve terminal targets of botulinum neurotoxin serotypes A, D, and E. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 23784– 23787. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 47Schiavo, G., Rossetto, O., Santucci, A., DasGupta, B.R., and Montecucco, C. 1992. Botulinum neurotoxins are zinc proteins. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 23479– 23483. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 48Schiavo, G., Santucci, A., DasGupta, B.R., Mehta, P.P., Jontes, J., Benfenati, F., Wilson, M.C., and Montecucco, C. 1993. Botulinum neurotoxins serotypes A and E cleave SNAP-25 at distinct COOH-terminal peptide bonds. FEBS Lett. 335: 99– 103. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 49Schiavo, G., Shone, C.C., Rossetto, O., Alexander, F.C., and Montecucco, C. 1993. Botulinum neurotoxin serotype F is a zinc endopeptidase specific for VAMP/synaptobrevin. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 11516– 11519. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 50Shone, C.C., Hambleton, P., and Melling, J. 1985. Inactivation of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin by trypsin and purification of two tryptic fragments. Proteolytic action near the COOH-terminus of the heavy subunit destroys toxin-binding activity. Eur. J. Biochem. 151: 75– 82. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 51Shone, C.C., Hambleton, P., and Melling, J. 1987. A 50-kDa fragment from the NH2-terminus of the heavy subunit of Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin forms channels in lipid vesicles. Eur. J. Biochem. 167: 175– 180. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 52Simpson, L.L. 1980. Kinetic studies on the interaction between botulinum toxin type A and the cholinergic neuromuscular junction. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 212: 16– 21. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 53Simpson, L.L., and Rapport, M.M. 1971. The binding of botulinum toxin to membrane lipids: sphingolipids, steroids and fatty acids. J. Neurochem. 18: 1751– 1759. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 54Somers, E., and DasGupta, B.R. 1991. Clostridium botulinum types A, B, C1, and E produce proteins with or without hemagglutinating activity: do they share common amino acid sequences and genes? J. Protein Chem. 10: 415– 425. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 55Sugii, S., and Sakaguchi, G. 1975. Molecular construction of Clostridium botulinum type A toxins. Infect. Immun. 12: 1262– 1270. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 56Sunagawa, H., Ohyama, T., Watanabe, T., and Inoue, K. 1992. The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium botulinum type D neurotoxin, deduced by nucleotide sequence analysis of the encoding phage d-16 phi genome. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 54: 905– 913. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 57Syuto, B., and Kubo, S. 1981. Separation and characterization of heavy and light chains from Clostridium botulinum type C toxin and their reconstitution. J. Biol. Chem. 256: 3712– 3717. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 58Thompson, D.E., Brehm, J.K., Oultram, J.D., Swinfield, T.J., Shone, C.C., Atkinson, T., Melling, J., and Minton, N.P. 1990. The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium botulinum type A neurotoxin, deduced by nucleotide sequence analysis of the encoding gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 189: 73– 81. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 59Tsuzuki, K., Kimura, K., Fujii, N., Yokosawa, N., Indoh, T., Murakami, T., and Oguma, K. 1990. Cloning and complete nucleotide sequence of the gene for the main component of hemagglutinin produced by Clostridium botulinum type C. Infect. Immun. 58: 3173– 3177. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 60Tsuzuki, K., Kimura, K., Fujii, N., Yokosawa, N., and Oguma, K. 1992. The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the nontoxic-nonhemagglutinin component of Clostridium botulinum type C progenitor toxin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 183: 1273– 1279. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 61Tsuzuki, K., Yokosawa, N., Syuto, B., Ohishi, I., Fujii, N., Kimura, K., and Oguma, K. 1988. Establishment of a monoclonal antibody recognizing an antigenic site common to Clostridium botulinum type B, C1, D, and E toxins and tetanus toxin. Infect. Immun. 56: 898– 902. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 62Whelan, S.M., Elmore, M.J., Bodsworth, N.J., Atkinson, T., and Minton, N.P. 1992. The complete amino acid sequence of the Clostridium botulinum type-E neurotoxin, derived by nucleotide-sequence analysis of the encoding gene. Eur. J. Biochem. 204: 657– 667. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 63Whelan, S.M., Elmore, M.J., Bodsworth, N.J., Brehm, J.K., Atkinson, T., and Minton, N.P. 1992. Molecular cloning of the Clostridium botulinum structural gene encoding the type B neurotoxin and determination of its entire nucleotide sequence. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58: 2345– 2354. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 64Wright, J.F., Pernollet, M., Reboul, A., Aude, C., and Colomb, M.G. 1992. Identification and partial characterization of a low affinity metal-binding site in the light chain of tetanus toxin. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 9053– 9058. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 65Yamasaki, S., Binz, T., Hayashi, T., Szabo, E., Yamasaki, N., Eklund, M., Jahn, R., and Niemann, H. 1994. Botulinum neurotoxin type G proteolyses the Ala81-Ala82 bond of rat synaptobrevin 2. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200: 829– 835. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 66Yang, K.H., and Sugiyama, H. 1975. Purification and properties of Clostridium botulinum type F toxin. Appl. Microbiol. 29: 598– 603. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 67Yokosawa, N., Kurokawa, Y., Tsuzuki, K., Syuto, B., Fujii, N., Kimura, K., and Oguma, K. 1989. Binding of Clostridium botulinum type C neurotoxin to different neuroblastoma cell lines [published erratum appears in Infect. Immun. 1989 Jul; 57(7): 2265]. Infect. Immun. 57: 272– 277. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 68Yokosawa, N., Tsuzuki, K., Syuto, B., and Oguma, K. 1986. Activation of Clostridium botulinum type E purified by two different procedures. J. Gen. Microbiol. 132: 1981– 1988. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar Citing Literature Volume39, Issue3March 1995Pages 161-168 ReferencesRelatedInformation
Referência(s)