Artigo Revisado por pares

Sex Differentiation and the Social Organization of Science

1978; Wiley; Volume: 48; Issue: 3-4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1111/j.1475-682x.1978.tb00815.x

ISSN

1475-682X

Autores

Barbara F. Reskin,

Tópico(s)

Contemporary Sociological Theory and Practice

Resumo

Sociological InquiryVolume 48, Issue 3-4 p. 6-37 Sex Differentiation and the Social Organization of Science Barbara F. Reskin, Barbara F. Reskin With a Ph. D. degree from the University of Washington, is associate professor at Indiana University. She has published papers in the American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, and Social Forces.Search for more papers by this author Barbara F. Reskin, Barbara F. Reskin With a Ph. D. degree from the University of Washington, is associate professor at Indiana University. She has published papers in the American Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, and Social Forces.Search for more papers by this author First published: July 1978 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1978.tb00815.xCitations: 36AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References American Association for the Advancement of Science, Office for Women in Science. Conference on the Participation of Women in Scientific Research. Washington , D. C. : American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1977. Astin, H. S. Factors Affecting Women's Scholarly Productivity.” In H. S. Astin and W. Hirsch, (Eds.), Women: A Challenge to Higher Education. New York : Praeger, 1977. Astin, H. S., and Bayer, A. E. Sex Discrimination in Academe. Educational Record, 1972, 53, 101–118. Bayer, A. E. College and University Faculty: A Statistical Description. Vol. 5. Washington , D. C : American Council on Education, June 1970. Bayer, A. E. Teaching Faculty in Academe: 1972–73. Vol. 8. Washington , D. C. : American Council on Education, August 1973. Bayer, A. E., and Astin, H. S. Sex Differences in Academic Rank and Salary Among Science Doctorates in Teaching. Journal of Human Resources, 1968, 3 (2), 191–200. Bayer, A. E., and Astin, H. S. Sex Differentials in the Academic Reward System. Science, 1975, 188, 796–802. Bernard, J. Academic Women. University Park : Pennsylvania State University Press, 1964. Bradford, D. L., Sargent, A. G., and Sprague, M. S. Executive Man and Woman: The Issue of Sexuality.” In F. E. Gordon and M. H. Strober, (Eds.), Bringing Women into Management. New York : Free Press, 1975. Cartter, A. M., and Ruhter, W. E. The Disappearance of Sex Discrimination in First Job Placement of New Ph. D. s. Los Angeles : Higher Education Research Institute, 1975. Centra, J. A. Women, Men, and the Doctorate. Princeton , N. J. : Educational Testing Service, 1974. Chubin, D. Sociological Manpower and Womanpower: Sex Differences in Career Patterns of Two Cohorts of American Doctoral Sociologists. American Sociologist, 1974, 9 (2), 83–92. Cole, J. R. American Men and Women of Science. Paper presented at 66th annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Denver, Colo. Aug. 31, 1971. Cole, J. R., and Cole, S. Social Stratification in Science. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1973. Crane, D. Social Class Origin and Academic Success: The Influence of Two Stratification Systems on Academic Careers. Sociology of Education, 1969, 42 (1), 1–17. Crane, D. Reply to Gaston, Wolinsky, and Bohleber. Sociology of Education, 1976, 49, 187–189. Dash, J. A Life of One's Own. New York : Harper & Row, 1973. Epstein, C. Woman's Place: Options and Limits in Professional Careers. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1970a. Epstein, C. Encountering the Male Establishment: Sex-Status Limits on Women's Careers in the Professions. American Journal of Sociology, 1970b, 75 (2), 965–982. Epstein, C. Bringing Women In. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences, 1973, 208, 62–70. Feigl, H. The Scientific Outlook.” In H. Feigel and M. Brodbeck, (Eds.), Readings in the Philosophy of Science. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1953. Fidell, L. S. Empirical Verification of Sex Discrimination in Hiring Practices in Psychology. American Psychologist, 1970, 25, 1094–1098. Garvey, W. D., and Griffith, B. C. Scientific Communication as a Social System. Science, 1967, 157, 1011–1016. Gaston, J., Wolinsky, F. D., and Bohleber, L. W. Social Class Origin and Academic Success Revisited. Sociology of Education, 1976, 49, 184–187. Gilford, D. M., and Snyder, J. Women and Minority Ph. D.'s in the 1970s. Washington , D. C. : National Academy of Sciences, 1977. Graham, P. A. Women in Academe. Science, 1970, 169, 1284–1290. Green, Sister A. A. Women on the Chemistry Faculties of Institutions Granting the Ph. D. in Chemistry. Paper presented at meeting of American Chemical Society, Oct. 1976. Griffith, B., and Miller, A. J. Networks of Informal Communication among Scientifically Productive Scientists.” In C. E. Nelson and D. K. Pollock, (Eds.), Communication Among Scientists and Engineers. Lexington , Mass. : Heath, 1970. Hagstrom, W. O. The Scientific Community. New York : Basic Books, 1965. Hargens, L. L., Mullins, N. C., and Hecht, P. K. Research Areas and Stratification Processes in Science. Paper presented at 2nd annual meeting of the Society for the Social Studies of Science, Boston, Oct. 1977. Hubbard, R. Rosalind Franklin and DNA.” Book review in Signs, 1976, 2, 229–237. Hughes, E. C. Dilemmas and Contradictions of Status. American Journal of Sociology, 1945, 50, 353–359. Kanter, R. M. Some Effects of Proportions on Group Life: Skewed Sex Ratios and Responses to Token Women. American Journal of Sociology, 1977, 82, 965–990. Kaplan, N., and Storer, N. W. Scientific Communication.” In D. L Sills, (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Vol. 14. New York : Macmillan and Free Press, 1968. Kaufman, D. R. Associational Ties in Academe: Some Male and Female Differences. Sex Roles, 1978, 4 (1), 9–21. Kjerulff, K. H., and Blood, M. R. A Comparison of Communication Patterns in Male and Female Graduate Students. Journal of Higher Education, 1973, 44, 623–632. Lewin, A. Y., and Duchan, L. Women in Academia. Science, 1971, 173 (4000), 892–895. Lin, N., Garvey, W. D., and Nelson, C. E. A Study of the Communication Structure of Science.” In C. E. Nelson and D. K. Pollock, (Eds.), Communication Among Scientists and Engineers. Lexington , Mass. : Heath, 1970. Maccoby, E. E. Feminine Intellect and the Demands of Science. Impact of Science on Society, 1970, 20, 13–28. Mackie, M. Professional Women's Collegial Relations and Productivity: Female Sociologists' Journal Publications, 1967 and 1973,” Sociology and Social Research, 1976, 61 (3), 277–293. Menzel, H. Planned and Unplanned Scientific Communication.” In B. Barber and W. Hirsch, (Eds.), The Sociology of Science. New York : Free Press, 1962. Merton, R. K. Science and Democratic Social Structure.” In R. K Merton, (Ed.), Social Theory and Social Structure. New York : Free Press, 1957. Mintz, G. R. (pseudonym). “Some Observations on the Function of Women Sociologists at Sociology Conventions. American Sociologist, 1967, 2 (3), 158–159. Mitroff, I. I., Jacob, T, and Moore, E. T. On the Shoulders of the Spouses of Scientists. Social Studies of Science, 1977, 7 (3), 303–327. Morlock, L. Discipline Variation in the Status of Academic Women.” In A. S. Rossi and A. Calderwood, (Eds.), Academic Women on the Move. New York : Russell Sage Foundation, 1973. Mullins, N. C. Theory and Theory Groups in Contemporary American Sociology. New York : Harper & Row, 1973. Parish, J. B., and Block, J. S. The Future of Women in Science and Engineering. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 1968, 24, 46–49. Patterson, M. Alice in Wonderland: A Study of Women Faculty in Graduate Departments of Sociology. American Sociologist, 1971, 6, 226–234. Pelz, D. C. Some Social Factors Related to a Performance in a Research Organization. Administrative Science Quarterly, 1956, 1, 310–325. Perrucci, C. C. Minority Status and the Pursuit of Professional Careers: Women in Science and Engineering. Social Forces, 1970, 49 (2), 245–259. Pour-El, M. B. Mathematician.” In R. B Kundsin, (Ed.), Women and Success. New York : Morrow, 1974. Price, D. J. de S. Little Science, Big Science. New York : Columbia University Press, 1963. Radcliffe Community on Graduate Education for Women. Graduate Education for Women. Cambridge , Mass. : Harvard University Press, 1956. Reskin, B. F. Sex Differences in the Professional Life Chances of Chemists.” Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Washington, Seattle, 1973. Reskin, B. F. Sex Differences in Status Attainment in Science: The Case of the Postdoctoral Fellowship. American Sociological Review, 1976, 41 (4), 597–612. Reskin, B. F. Assessing Sex Discrimination in Science.” Paper presented at Symposium on Indication of Institutionalized Racism-Sexism, University of California, Los Angeles, April 1977a. Reskin, B. F. Academic Sponsorship and Scientific Careers. Paper presented at 2nd annual meeting of the Society for the Social Studies of Science, Boston, Oct. 1977b. Reskin, B. F. Scientific Productivity, Sex, and Location in the Institution of Science. American Journal of Sociology, 1978, 83 (5), 1235–1243. Roe, A. Women in Science. Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1966, 44, 784–787. Rossi, A. Barriers to the Career Choice of Engineering, Medicine, or Science Among American Women.” In J. A. Mattfield and C. G. Aken, (Eds.), Women and the Scientific Professions. Cambridge : M. I. T. Press, 1965a. Rossi, A. Women in Science: Why So Few? Science, 1965b. 148, 1196–1202. Rossi, A. S. Summary and Prospects.” In A. S. Rossi and A. Calderwood, (Eds.), Academic Women on the Move. New York : Russell Sage Foundation, 1973. Sayre, A. Rosalind Franklin and DNA. New York : Norton, 1975. Schilling, C. W. Informal Communication Among Bioscientists.” Pts. 1–2. Unpublished manuscript, George Washington University, 196364. Simon, R. J., Clark, S. M., and Galway, K. The Woman Ph. D.: A Recent Profile. Social Problems, 1967, 15 (2), 221–236. Solmon, L. C. Male and Female Graduate Students: The Question of Equal Opportunity. New York : Praeger, 1976. Stone, E. A Mme. Curie from the Bronx. New York Times Magazine, April 9, 1978, pp. 29–31, 34, 36, 95–103. Storer, N. W. The Social System of Science. New York : Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1966. Strodtbeck, F. L., and Mann, R. D. Sex-Role Differentiation on the Jury. Sociometry, 1956, 19, 3–11. Vetter, B. M. Women in the Natural Sciences. Signs, 1976, 1 (3, pt. 1), 713–720. Vetter, B. M. Data on Women in Scientific Research.” Unpublished paper, 1977. Vetter, B. M., and Babco, E. L. Professional Women and Minorities: A Manpower Data Resource Service. Washington , D. C. : Scientific Manpower Commission, 1975. Watson, J. D. The Double Helix. New York : Atheneum, 1968. White, M. S. Psychological and Social Barriers to Women in Science. Science, 1970, 170, 413–416. Wilkie, J. R., and Allen, I. L. Women Sociologists and Coauthorship with Men. American Sociologist, 1975, 10, 19–24. Zuckerman, H. Patterns of Name Ordering Among Authors of Scientific Papers: A Study of Social Symbolism and Its Ambiguity. American Journal of Sociology, 1968, 74 (3), 276–291. Zuckerman, H., and Cole, J. R. ‘Women in American Science. Minerva, 1975, 13, 82–102. Zuckerman, H., and Merton, R. K. Age, Aging, and Age Structure in Science.” In M. W. Riley, M. Johnson, and A. Foner, (Eds.), Aging and Society. Vol. 3: A Sociology of Age Stratification. New York : Russell Sage Foundation, 1972. Citing Literature Volume48, Issue3-4July 1978Pages 6-37 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Referência(s)
Altmetric
PlumX