Photoimmunology of Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis: A Speculative Review
1996; Wiley; Volume: 63; Issue: 5 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb05660.x
ISSN1751-1097
Autores Tópico(s)Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
ResumoPhotochemistry and PhotobiologyVolume 63, Issue 5 p. 583-594 Free Access Photoimmunology of Lupus Erythematosus and Dermatomyositis: A Speculative Review Richard D. Sontheimer, Corresponding Author Richard D. Sontheimer Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA*Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 752359069, USA. Fax: 214–648–5656; e-mail: sontheim@utsw.swmed.edu.Search for more papers by this author Richard D. Sontheimer, Corresponding Author Richard D. Sontheimer Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA*Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., Dallas, TX 752359069, USA. Fax: 214–648–5656; e-mail: sontheim@utsw.swmed.edu.Search for more papers by this author First published: May 1996 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.1996.tb05660.xCitations: 55AboutSectionsPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abbreviations: ACLE acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus CCLE chronic cutaneous LE CLA cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen DLE discoid LE DM dermatomyositis ELAM endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule GM-CSF granulocyte—macrophage colony-stimulating factor HLA human leukocyte antigen ICAM intercellular adhesion molecule IL interleukin LE lupus erythematosus LESSD LE-specific skin disease LFA lymphocyte function-associated antigen MED minimal erythema dose PUVA psoralen + UVA: RNP, ribonucleoprotein SCLE subacute cutaneous LE SLE systemic LE TNF tumor necrosis factor UVR ultraviolet radiation VCAM vasculai- cell adhesion molecule VLA very late antigen References 1 Norris, D. A. (1993) Pathomechanisms of photosensitive lupus erythematosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 58s– 68s. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 2 Kind, P., P. Lehmann and G. Plewig (1993) Phototesting in lupus erythematosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 53S– 57S. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 3 Kochevar, I. E. (1985) Action spectrum and mechanisms of UV radiation-induced injury in lupus erythematosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 85, 140S– 142S. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 4 Tan, E. M., A. S. Cohen, J. F. Fries et al. (1982) The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheum. 25, 1271. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedGoogle Scholar 5 Nived, O., P. B. Johansen and G. Sturfelt (1993) Standardized ultraviolet-A exposure provokes skin reaction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2, 247– 250. CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar 6 Doria, A., A. Riasinutto, A. Ghirardello, E. Sartori, R. Ron-dinone, A. Piccoli, C. Veller, C. V. Fornasa and P. F. Gambari (1996) Photosensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus: laboratory testing of ARA/ACR definition. Lupus. (In press). Google Scholar 7 Sontheimer, R. D. and T. T. Provost (1996) Lupus erythematosus. Chapter I. In Cutaneous Manifestations uf Rheumatic Diseases (Edited by R. D. Sontheimer and T. T. Provost), pp. 1– 71, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore . Google Scholar 8 Ueki, H. (1994) Kobner phenomenon in lupus erythematosus. Hautarzt 45, 154– 160. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 9 Chargin, L. (1950) Recurrence of lupus erythematosus in grafted skin. Arch. Dermatol. 61, 532. Web of Science®Google Scholar 10 Cormane, R. H. and W. Bruinsma (1970) Exchange autografts of skin in lupus erythematosus. Ann. Clin. Res. 2, 22– 27. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 11 Davis, T. L., C. B. Lyde, B. M. Davis and R. D. Sontheimer (1989) Perturbation of experimental ultraviolet light-induced erythema by passive transfer of serum from subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus patients. J. Invest. Dermatol. 92, 573– 577. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 12 Lacobelli, D., L. Bianchi and K. Hashimoto (1987) Passive transfer of photosensitivity by intradermal injection of vesic-ulobullous lupus erythematosus serum and ultraviolet light irradiation in the guinea pig. Photodermatology 4, 288– 295. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 13 Goerz, G., P. Lehmann, H. C. Schuppe, H. J. Lakomek and P. Kind (1990) Lupus erythematosus. Z. Huurkr. 65, 226– 234. Web of Science®Google Scholar 14 Lehmann, P., E. Holzle, P. Kind, G. Goerz and G. Plewig (1990) Experimental reproduction of skin lesions in lupus erythematosus by UVA and UVB radiation. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 22, 181– 187. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 15 Everett, M. A. and A. C. Curtis (1957) Dermatomyositis: a review of 19 cases in adolescents and children. Arch. Intern. Med. 100, 70– 76. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 16 Woo, T. R., J. Rasmussen and J. P. Callen (1985) Recurrent photosensitive dermatitis preceding juvenile dermatomyositis. Pediatr. Dermatol. 2, 207– 212. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedGoogle Scholar 17 Abdel-Nasser, M. B., S. C. Chun, H. Gollniek and C. E. Or-fanos (1993) Amyopathie dermatomyositis (dermatomyositis dermatomyositis sinó myositis myositis) in a male patient and possible induction by ultraviolet light. Eur. J. Dermatol. 3, 367– 370. Google Scholar 18 Cheong, W. K., G. R. V. Hughes, P. G. Norris and J. L. M. Hawk (1994) Cutaneous photosensitivity in dermatomyositis. Br. J. Dermatol. 131, 205– 208. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 19 Sontheimer, R. D. and J. N. Gilliam (1979) Regional variation in the deposition of subepidermal immunoglobulin in NZB/W F, mice: association with epidermal DNA synthesis. J. Invest. Dermatol. 72, 25– 28. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 20 Furukawa, F., H. Tanaka, K. Sekita, T. Nakamura, Y. Hori-guchi and Y. Hamashima (1984) Dermatolpathological studies on skin lesions of MRL mice. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 276, 186– 194. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 21 Kanauchi, H., F. Furukawa and S. Imamura (1991) Characterization of cutaneous infiltrates in MRL/lpr mice monitored from onset to the full development of lupus erythematosus-like skin lesions. J. Invest. Dermatol. 86, 478– 483. CrossrefWeb of Science®Google Scholar 22 Horiguchi, Y., F. Furukawa, G. Ohshio, T. Horio and S. Imamura (1987) Effects of ultraviolet light irradiation on the skin of MRL/l mice. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 279, 478– 483. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 23 Davis, P. and J. S. Percy (1978) Effect of ultraviolet light of disease characteristics of NZBW mice. J. Rheumatol. 5, 125– 128. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 24 Davis, P. and J. S. Percy (1978) Role of ultraviolet light and UV DNA in the induction of skin lesions in experimental animals. Br. J. Dermatol. 99, 201– 205. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 25 Strickland, P. T. (1984) Photocarcinogenesis and influence of UV radiation on autoimmune disease in NZB/N mice. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 73, 537– 541. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 26 Golan, D. T. and Y. Borel (1984) Increased photosensitivity to near-ultraviolet light in murine SLE. J. Immunol. 132, 705– 710. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 27 Ansel, J. C., J. Mountz, A. D. Steinberg, E. DeFabo and I. Green (1985) Effects of UV radiation on autoimmune strains of mice: increased mortality and accelerated autoimmunity in BXSB male mice. J. Invest. Dermatol. 85, 181– 186. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 28 Bruze, M., A. Forsgren and B. Ljunggren (1985) Antinuclear antibodies in mice induced by long wave ultraviolet radiation (UVA). Acta Dermato-Venereol. (Stockh.) 65, 25– 30. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 29 McGrath, Jr. H., E. Bak and J. P. Michalski (1987) Ultraviolet-A light prolongs survival and improves immune function in (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White) F, hybrid mice. Arthritis Rheum. 30, 557– 561. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 30 McGrath, Jr., H., E. Bak, M. L. Zimny and J. P. Michalski (1990) Fluorescent light decreases autoimmunity and improveh immunity in B/W mice. J. Clin. Lab. Immunol. 32, 113– 116. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 31 Hargis, A. M. and D. J. Prieur (1988) Animal models of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Clin. Dermatol. 6, 120– 9, 52–4. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 32 Wysenheek, A. J., D. A. Block and J. F. Fries (1989) Prevalence and expression of photosensitivity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 48, 461– 463. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 33 Sontheimer, R. D. (1989) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a decade's perspective. Med. Clin. North Am. 73, 1073– 1090. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 34 Callen, J. P. and J. Klein (1988) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Clinical, scrologic, immunogenetic, and therapeutic considerations in 72 patients. Arthritis Rheum. 31, 1007– 1103. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 35 Herrero, C., I. Bielsa, J. Font, F. Lozano, G. Ericilla, M. Lecha, M. Lngelman and J. M. Mascaro (1988) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: clinical pathologic findings in 13 cases. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 19, 1057– 1062. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 36 Hymes, S. R., T. J. Russell and R. E. Jordon (1986) The anti-Ro antibody system. Int. J. Dermatol. 25, 1– 7. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 37 Shou-yi, S., F. Shu-fang, L. Kang-huang, F. Li and K. Ke-fei (1987) Clinical study of 30 cases of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Chin. Med. J. 100, 45– 48. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 38 Kind, P. and G. Goetz (1987) Klinik und differential diagnose des cutanen lupus erythematodes. Z. Huutkr. 62, 1337– 1347. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 39 Hochberg, M. C., R. B. Boyd, J. M. Ahearn, F. C. Arnett, W. B. Bias, T. T. Provost and M. B. Stevens (1985) Systemic lupus erythematosus: a review of clinicolaboratory features and immunogenetic markers in 150 patients with emphasis on demographic subsets. Medicine 64, 285– 295. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 40 Nesbitt, Jr., L. T. (1980) Cutaneous immunofluorescence in dermatomyositis. Int. J. Dermatol. 19, 270– 273. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 41 Euwer, R. L. and R. D. Sontheimer (1991) Amyopathic dermatomyositis (dermatomyositis sink myositis). Presentation of six new cases and review of the literature. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 24, 959– 966. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 42 Kochevar, I. E., M. A. Pathak and J. A. Parrish (1993) Pho-tophysics, photochemistry, and photobiology. Chapter 131, In Dermatology in General Medicine, 4th ed., Vol. 1 (Edited by T. B. Fitzpatrick, A. Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, I. M. Freedberg and K. F. Austen), pp. 1627– 1638. MeGraw-Hill, New York . Google Scholar 43 Wolska, H., M. Blaszczyk and S. Jablonska (1989) Phototests in patients with various forms of lupus erythematosus. Int. J. Dermatol. 28, 98– 103. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 44 Sontheimer, R. D., J. R. Thomas and J. N. Gilliam (1979) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus: a cutaneous marker for a distinct lupus erythematosus subset. Arch. Dermatol. 115, 1409– 1415. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 45 McGrath, Jr., H. (1994) Ultraviolet-Al irradiation decreases clinical disease activity and autoantibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 12, 29– 135. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 46 Sonnichsen, N., H. Meffert, V. Kunzelmann and H. Audring (1993) UV-A-1 therapy of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Hautarzt 44, 723– 725. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 47 Davis, P., A. S. Russell and J. S. Percy (1976) Antibodies to UV light denatured DNA in systemic lupus erythematosus: detection by filter radioimmunoassay and clinical correlations. J. Rheumatol. 3, 375– 379. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 48 Natali, P. G. and E. M. Tan (1972) Experimental renal disease induced by DNA anti-DNA immune complexes. J. Clin. Invest. 51, 345– 355. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 49 Golan, T. D., V. Foltyn and A. Roueff (1991) Increased susceptibility to in vitro ultraviolet B radiation in fibroblasts and lymphocytes cultured from systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 58, 289– 304. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 50 Rosenstein, B. S., R. B. Rosenstein and G. B. Zamansky (1992) Repair of DNA damage induced in systemic lupus erythematosus skin fibroblasts by simulated sunlight. J. Invest. Dermutol. 98, 469– 474. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 51 Herrick, A. L., J. A. Rafferty and G. P. Margison (1995) Viewpoint—DNA repair deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus: cause or consequence of disease and implications for management. Lupus 4, 423– 424. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 52 Richardson, B., D. Powers, F. Hooper, R. Yung and K. O'Rourke (1994) Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 overexpression and T cell autoreactivity. Arthritis Rheum. 9, 1363– 1372. Wiley Online LibraryWeb of Science®Google Scholar 53 Richardson, B., L. Scheinbart, J. Strahler, L. Gross, S. Hanash and M. Johnson (1990) Evidence for impaired T cell DNA methylation in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 33, 1665– 1673. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 54 Ponta, H., M. Pfennig-Yeh, E. Wagner, M. Schweiger and P. Herrlich (1979) Radiation sensitivity of messenger RNA. Mol. Genet. 175, 13– 17. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 55 Ottensmeyer, F. P. and G. F. Whitmore (1968) Coding properties of ultraviolet photoproducts of uracil. J. Mol. Biol. 38, 1– 16. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 56 Shaw, G. and R. Kamen (1986) A conserved AU sequence from the 3′ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell 46, 659– 667. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 57 De Vos, S., M. Brach, A. Budnik, M. Grewe, F. Henmann and J. Krutmann (1994) Post-transcriptional regulation of interleu-kin-6 gene expression in human keratinocytes by ultraviolet B radiation. J. Invest. Dermatol. 103, 92– 96. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 58 McCauliffe, D. P. and R. D. Sontheimer (1993) Molecular characterization of the Ro/SS-A autoantigens. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 73s– 79s. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 59 Palmer, R. G., C. J. Dore, L. Henderson and A. M. Denman (1987) Sister-chromatid exchange frequencies in fibroblasts and lymphocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Mutut. Res. 177, 125– 132. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 60 Fan, X. and F. Liu (1991) Hereditary mechanism of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chung-Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih 71, 4– 5. PubMedGoogle Scholar 61 Devary, Y., R. A. Gottlieb, T. Smeal and M. Karin (1992) The mammalian ultraviolet response as triggered by activation of Src tyrosine kinases. Cell 71, 1081– 1091. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 62 Casellas, A. M., A. Prat, A. Llera, J. Manni, A. Boveris and J. F. Sarano (1991) Increased superoxide production by poly-morphonuclear leukocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin. Exp. Rheumatol. 9, 511– 514. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 63 Ara, J. and R. Ali (1992) Reactive oxygen species modified DNA fragments of varying size are the preferred antigen for human anti-DNA autoantibodies. Immunol. Lett. 34, 195– 200. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 64 Blount, S., H. R. Griffiths and J. Lunec (1991) Reactive oxygen species damage to DNA and its role in systemic lupus erythematosus [Review]. Mol. Aspects Med. 12, 93– 105. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 65 Golan, T. D., S. Dan, H. Haim, G. Varda and K. Sol (1994) Solar ultraviolet radiation induces enhanced accumulation of oxygen radicals in murine SLE-derived splenocytes in vitro. Lupus 3, 103– 106. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 66 Weimann, B. J. and H. Weiser (1992) Effects of antioxidant vitamins C, E, and beta-carotene on immune functions in MRL/lpr mice and rats. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 669, 390– 392. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 67 Chandrasekar, B. and G. Fernandes (1994) Decreased pro-inRammatory cytokines and increased antioxidant enzyme gene expression by omega-3 lipids in murine lupus nephritis. Bio-chem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 200, 893– 898. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 68 Yeaman, G. R., K. Froebel, G. Galea, A. Ormerod and S. J. Urbaniak (1992) Discoid lupus erythematosus in an X-linked cytochrome-positive carrier of chronic granulomatous disease. Br. J. Dermatol. 126, 60– 65. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 69 Hafner, J., A. Enderlin, R. A. Seger, B. Wiithrich, L. Bruckner-Tudermann, P. Panizzoni and G. Burg (1992) Discoid lupus erythematosus-like lesions in carriers of X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Br. J. Dermatol. 127, 446– 447. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 70 Jackson, S. H., J. I. Gallin and S. M. Holland (1995) The p47phox mouse knock-out model of chronic granulomatous disease. J. Exp. Med. 182, 751– 758. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 71 Kalra, J., A. K. Chaudhary and K. Prasad (1991) Increased production of oxygen free radicals in cigarette smokers. Int. J. Exp. Pathol. 72, 1– 7. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 72 Sontheimer, R. D. and P. R. Bergstresser (1982) Epidermal Langerhans cell involvement in cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 79, 237– 243. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 73 Andrews, B. S., A. Schenk, R. Barr, G. Friou, G. Mirick and P. Ross (1986) Immunopathology of cutaneous human lupus erythematosus defined by murine monoclonal antibodies. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 15, 474– 481. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 74 Shiohara, T., N. Moriya, Y. Tanaka, Y. Arai, J. Hayakawa, M. Chiba and M. Ngashima (1988) Immunopathologic study of lichenoid skin diseases: correlation between HLA-DR-positive keratinocytes or Langerhans cells and epidermotropic T cells. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 18, 67– 74. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 75 Tebbe, B., L. Mazur, R. Stadler and C. E. Orfanos (1995) Immunohistochemical analysis of chronic discoid and subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus—relation to immunopatholog-ical mechanisms. Br. J. Dermatol. 132, 25– 31. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 76 Nieboer, C., Z. Tak-Diamand and A. G. VanLeeuwen-Wallau (1988) Dust-like particles: a specific direct immunofluoi-es-cence pattern in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Br. J. Dermatol. 118, 725– 734. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 77 David-Bajar, K. M., S. D. Bennion, J. D. DeSpain, L. E. Golitz and L. A. Lee (1992) Clinical, histologic, and immunofluores-cent distinctions between subacute cutaneous lupus erythematows and discoid lupus erythematosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 99, 251– 257. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 78 Valeski, J. E., V. Kumar, A. B. Forman, E. H. Beutner and T. P. Chorzelski (1992) A characteristic cutaneous direct immunofluorescent pattern associated with Ro(SS-A) antibodies in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 27, 194– 198. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 79 Weinstein, C., M. H. Miller, R. Axtens, G. O. Littlejohn, A. P. Dorevitch and R. Buchman (1987) Lupus and non-lupus cutaneous manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus. Aust. N.Z. J. Med. 17, 501– 506. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 80 Fabbri, P., E. Bernacchi and R. Neri (1990) Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Review of the literature and immu-nological studies of II patients. G. Ital. Dermatol. Venereol. 125, 329– 336. CASPubMedGoogle Scholar 81 George, R., R. Mathai and S. Kurian (1992) Cutaneous lupus erythematosus in India: immunofluorescence profile. Int. J. Dermatol. 32, 265– 269. Wiley Online LibraryWeb of Science®Google Scholar 82 Velthuis, P. J., L. Kater, I. Van der Tweel, H. Baart de la Faille and W. A. Van Vloten (1992) Immunofluorescence microscopy of healthy skin from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: more than just the lupus band. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 51, 720– 725. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 83 Lee, L. A., K. G. Gaither, S. N. Coulter, D. A. Norris and J. B. Harley (1989) The pattern of cutaneous immunoglobulin G deposition in subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is reproduced by infusing purified anti-Ro (SSA) antibodies into human skin grafted mice. J. Clin. Invest. 83, 1556– 1563. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 84 Mascaro, Jr. J. M., G. Hausmann, C. Herrero, J. Grau, M. Cid, J. Palou and J. M. Mascaro (1995) Membrane attack complex deposits in cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis. Arch. Dernzatol. 131, 1386– 1392. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 85 Konttinen, Y. T., S. Reitamo, A. Ranki et al. (1981) T lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes in the skin infiltrate of systemic and discoid lupus erythematosus and Jessner's lymphocytic intiltrate. Br. J. Dermatol. 104, 141– 145. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 86 Bjerke, J. R., H. Krogh and R. Matre (1981) In siru idcntik cation of mononuclear cells in cutaneous infiltrates in discoid lupus erythematosus, sarcoidosis and secondary syphilis. Acta Derniato-Veriereol (Stockh). 61, 371– 380. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 87 Synkowski, D. R. and T. T. Provost (1983) Characterization of the inflammatory infiltrate in lupus erythematosus lesions. J. Rheumatol. 10, 920– 924. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 88 Viljaranta, S., A. Ranki, A. Kariniemi, P. Nieminen and L. Johansson (1987) Distribution of natural killer cells and lymphocyte subclasses in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin and in cutaneous lesions of discoid and systemic lupus crythematosus. Br. J. Dermatol. 116, 831– 838. Wiley Online LibraryCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 89 Bergroth, V., Y. T. Konttinen, H. Piirainen, E. Johansson, D. Nordstrom and M. Malmstrom (1988) Evaluation of lymphocyte activation in skin lesions of patients with mixed connective tissue disease and discoid lupus erythematodes. Arch. Dermatol. Res. 280, 1– 4. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 90 Markey, A. C., M. H. Allen, C. Pitzalis and D. M. MacDonald (1990) T-cell inducer populations in cutaneous inflammation: a predominance of T helper—inducer lymphocytes (THI) in the infiltrate of inflammatory dermatoses. Br. J. Dermatol. 122, 325– 332. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 91 De Jong, E. M. G. J., P. E. J. Van Erp, D. J. Ruiter and P. C. M. Van de Kerkhof (1991) Immunohistochemical detection of prolifcration and differentiation in discoid lupus erythematosus. J. Atn. Acad. Dermatol. 25, 1032– 1038. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 92 Rijlaarsdam, J. U., C. Niebocr, E. De Vries and R. Willemze (1990) Characteriration of the dermal infiltrates in Jessner's lymphocytic infiltratc of the skin, polyinorphous light eruption and cutaneous lupus erythematosus: differential diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects. J. Cutaneous Pathol. 17, 2– 8. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 93 Velthuis, P. J., H. Van Weelden, D. Van Wichen and B. De La Faille (1990) Immunohistopathology of light-induced skin lesions in lupus erythematosus. Acta Dermato-Venereol. (Stockh). 70, 93– 98. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 94 Fivenson, D. P., L. A. Rheins, J. J. Nordlund, M. Pomaranski, M. C. Douglass and E. A. Krull (1991) Thy-I and T-cell receptor antigen expression in mycosis fungoides and benign inflammatory derinatoses. J. Natl. Cancer Inst. 83, 1088– 1092. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 95 Volc-Platzer, B., B. Anegg, S. Milota, W. Pickl and G. Fischer (1993) Accumulation of gammddelta T cells in chronic cutaneous lupus erythernatosus. J. Invest. Dernzurol. 100, 84S– 91S. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 96 Hausmann, G., C. Herrero, M. C. Cid, J. Casademont, M. Lccha and J. M. Mascaró (1991) Immunopathologic study of skin lesions in dennatomyositis. J. Am. Acad. Dermatol. 25, 225– 230. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 97 Winkelmann, R. K., R. E. Jordon and J. M. De Moragas (1972) Iminunofluorescent studies of dermatomyositis. Dermatologica 145, 42– 47. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 98 Nesbitt, Jr., L. T. (1980) Cutaneous immunofluorescence in dcrmatornyositis. Int. J. Dermatol. 19, 270– 278. Wiley Online LibraryPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 99 Kasper, C. S., C. L. White and R. G. Freeman (1988) Pathology and iininunopathology of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Clin. Dermatol. 6, 64– 75. CrossrefCASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 100 Chen, Z., J. C. Maize, R. M. Silver, R. L. Dohson, H. R. Maricq and S. K. Ainsworth (1985) Direct and indirect im-munofluorescent findings in dennatomyositis. J. Ccctuneous Pathol. 12, 18– 27. Wiley Online LibraryCASWeb of Science®Google Scholar 101 Mascaro, Jr. J. M., G. Hausmann, C. Herrero, J. M. Grau, M. C. Cid, J. Palou and J. M. Mascarb (1995) Membrane attack complex deposits in cutaneous lesions of dermatomyositis. Arch. Dermatol. 131, 1386– 1392. CrossrefPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 102 Fabré, V. C., S. Lear, M. Reichlin, S. J. Hodge and J. P. Callen (1991) Twenty percent of biopsy specimens from sun-exposed skin of normal young adults demonstrate positive irnmunofluorescence. Arch. Dermatol. 127, 1006– 1011. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 103 Cripps, D. J. and J. Rankin (1973) Action spectra of lupus erythernatosus and experimental inimunoHuoresccnce. Arch. Dermatol. 107, 563– 567. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 104 Lee, L. A. (1993) Neonatal lupus erythcmatosus. J. Invest. Dermatol. 100, 9S– 13S. CASPubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 105 Sontheimer, R. D., T.G. Lieu and J. D. Capra (1993) The diverse functional repertoire of calrcticulin, a new huinan au-toantigen. The Immunologist 1, 155– 160. Google Scholar 106 Sontheimer, R. D., T. Q. Nguyen, S. T. Cheng, T. S. Lieu and J. D. Capra (1995) The unveiling of calrcticulin—a clinically relevant tour of modern ccll biology. J. Invest. Med. 43, 362– 370. PubMedWeb of Science®Google Scholar 107 Cheng, S. T., T. Q. Nguyen, Y. S. Yang, J. D. Capra and R. D. Sontheimer (1996) Calreticulin binds hYRNA and the 52kD polypeptide component of the Ro/SS-A ribonuclcoprotein a
Referência(s)