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Central Eurasia and the New Great Game: Players, Moves, Outcomes, and Scholarship

2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 9; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/14799855.2013.832214

1555-2764

Nicola Contessi,

Central Asia Education and Culture

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgments I wish to acknowledge comments and feedback from Juliet Johnson and Ed Schatz on an earlier version of this essay. Notes 1. The term comes from Parag Khanna, The Second World. Empires and Influence in the New Global Order (New York: Random House, 2008). 2. Use of the term comes from Rudyard Kipling, Kim (London: Penguin Classics, 2007). 3. See Nick Megoran, Sevara Sharapova, and Alisher Fazullaev. "Conference Report. Halford Mackinder's 'Heartland' – a Help or Hindrance? Tashkent, 2–3 December 2004," The Geographical Journal Vol. 171, No. 2 (June 2005), pp. 177–178. 4. Martin C. Spechler and Dina R. Spechler, "Is Russia winning in Central Asia?" CACI Analyst, October 29, 2008. Available at http://www.cacianalyst.org/?q=node/4972 5. "President Dmitry Medvedev, interview by Russian TV channels (Channel One, Rossia, and NTV)," August 31, 2008. Available at http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2008/08/31/1850_type82912type82916_206003.shtml 6. See also Bobo Lo, Axis of Convenience: Moscow, Beijing, and the New Geopolitics (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2008). 7. Willy Lam, "Beijing's Alarm over New 'U.S. Encirclement Conspiracy,'" China Brief Vol. 5, No. 8 (April 12, 2005); Willy Lam, "Hu's Central Asian Gamble to Counter the U.S. 'Containment Strategy,'" China Brief Vol. 5, No. 15 (July 5, 2005); Adiljon Umarov and Dmitry Pashkun, "The Prospects for Chinese Influence in Central Asia," China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly Journal (Winter 2005). 8. See also Sean Kay, "Geopolitical Constraints and Institutional Innovation: the Dynamics of Multilateralism in Eurasia," in James Sperling, Sean Kay, and S. Victor Papacosma, eds., Limiting Institutions? The Challenge of Eurasian Security Governance, pp. 125–143 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2003); S. Neil MacFarlane, "The United States and Regionalism in Central Asia," International Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3 (2004), p. 460. 9. This organization, which takes its name from the initials of its founding countries Georgia, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, and Moldova, was formed in 1997 as a forum, though its charter was signed in 2001. Because of its agenda, it is typically considered to propose an alternative to Russian-led integration projects, Uzbekistan has also been a member from 1999 to 2005. 10. See also Roy Allison, ed. "Regionalism and the Changing International Order in Central Eurasia," International Affairs Vol. 8, No. 3 (2004), Special Issue. 11. See Sébastien Peyrouse, "South Korea's Advances into Central Asia," CACI Analyst, January 9, 2010. 12. However Cabestan (in Laruelle, p. 26) puts this in perspective, arguing that while Central Asia has acquired a key place in Chinese foreign policy, it has not altered "the country's well-established hierarchy of partnerships and priorities." 13. See Roman Muzalevsky, "India's 'Connect Central Asia' Policy Seeks to Compensate for Lost Time." Eurasia Daily Monitor Vol. 9, No. 176, September 27, 2012. 14. For early bridge-building efforts, see Stephen Aris, "A new model of Asian regionalism: does the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation have more potential than ASEAN?" Cambridge Review of International Affairs Vol. 22, No. 3 (2009), pp. 451–467; Richard Weitz, "Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A new force in Asian security?" Korean Journal of Defense Analysis Vol. 23, No. 1 (2011), pp. 133–148. 15. See Alastair Iain Johnston, "What (If Anything) Does East Asia Tell Us About International Relations Theory?" Annual Review of Political Science Vol. 15 (2012), pp. 53–78; G. John Ikenberry and Micheal Mastanduno, International relations theory and the Asia-Pacific (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003); Peter J. Katzenstein and Nobuo Okawara, "Japan, Asian-Pacific Security, and the Case for Analytical Eclecticism," International Security Vol. 26, No. 3 (2001–02), pp. 153–185; Peter A. Gourevitch, ed., "The Pacific Region: Challenges to Policy and Theory," The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Special Issue, (September 1989).