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The Influence and Illusion of China's New Left

2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 35; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0163660x.2012.642293

1530-9177

Charles W. Freeman, Wen Jin Yuan,

Chinese history and philosophy

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Acknowledgement The authors would like to thank the Chinese scholars who agreed to be interviewed for this report. We have respected their preference to remain anonymous and therefore do not cite them by name. Notes 1. See, for example, Qin Hui, "Di SanTiao Daolu, Haishi Gongtong De Dixian?" (A Third Road, or a Joint Baseline?), 360doc, April 22, 2008, http://www.360doc.com/content/08/0422/13/41440_1208214.shtml. 2. Wang Shaoguang, "Zhongguo Minzhu Zhenzhi Zhi Dao" (The Way towards the Chinese-style Democratic Politics), Chinareform.net, August 22, 2011, http://www.chinareform.net/show.php?id=1915. 3. Lance Carter, "A Chinese Alternative? Interpreting the Chinese New Left Politically," Insurgent Notes, June 6, 2010, http://insurgentnotes.com/2010/06/chinese-new-left/. 4. Lance Carter, "A Chinese Alternative? Interpreting the Chinese New Left Politically," Insurgent Notes, June 6, 2010, http://insurgentnotes.com/2010/06/chinese-new-left/. 5. See "China's Overheated Real Estate Market and Its Impact on Financial Stability," Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, August 15, 2006, http://www.knowledgeatwharton.com.cn/index.cfm?fa=viewArticle&Articleid=1457&languageid=1. 6. Wang Shaoguang, "Wang Shaoguang: Jingrong Haixiao De Wenhua Fansi Yu Zhongguo Fangan" (Thinking About the Financial Crisis from a Cultural Perspective and Evaluating the China Plan), Utopia.com, November 29, 2008, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class17/200811/59553.html. 7. Wang Shaoguang, "Wang Shaoguang: Jingrong Haixiao De Wenhua Fansi Yu Zhongguo Fangan" (Thinking About the Financial Crisis from a Cultural Perspective and Evaluating the China Plan), Utopia.com, November 29, 2008, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class17/200811/59553.html. 8. Wang Shaoguang, "Xiaozhengfu Dashehui Cong Genben Shang Shi Cuo De" (The notion of small government and big market is fundamentally fallacious), Utopia.com, March 10, 2011, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class17/201103/219956.html. 9. Wu Ming, "Cui Zhiyuan Fang Tan: Kan bujian de Shou Fanshi de Beilun Yu Dangqian Jinrong Weiji" (A Conversation with Cui Zhiyuan: The Paradox of the Invisible Hand and the Current Financial Crisis), Utopia.com, September 28, 2008, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class4/200809/52300.html. 10. Zuo Dapei, "Xifang de Jinrong Weiji yu Zhongguo" (The Financial Crisis in the Western World and China), Quanqiuzhengjing, December 24, 2008, http://www.china-review.com/gao.asp?id=20860. 11. Zhang Hongliang, "G20 Fenghui—Weijizhong de Shijie Mingzhuhua Jincheng" (G20 Summit – the Democratization Process in the Crisis), Utopia.com, March 29, 2009, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class16/200903/76657.html. 12. Zhang Weiying, "Weiji Zhong de Xuanze" (Choices among the Crisis), Sina, February 14, 2009. 13. Zhang Weiying, "Weiji Zhong de Xuanze" (Choices among the Crisis), Sina, February 14, 2009. 14. Zhang Weiying, "Weiji Zhong de Xuanze" (Choices among the Crisis), Sina, February 14, 2009. 15. Hua Min, "Quanqiu Jinrong Weiji yu Zhongguo de Xuanze" (Global Financial Crisis and China's Choice), Journal of Chongqing Technology and Business University (West Forum), July 2009, http://www.econ.fudan.edu.cn/userfiles/file/20110427094303625.pdf. 16. Shi Yan, "Zhang Weiying Zenme Zongshi Ti Meiguoren Shuohua" (Why Zhang Weiying Always Speaks on Behalf of the Americans), Utopia.com, March 29, 2009, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class22/200903/76662.html. 17. Barry Naughton, "Understanding the Chinese Stimulus Package," China Leadership Monitor, no. 28, May 8, 2009, http://www.hoover.org/publications/china-leadership-monitor/article/5588. 18. Che Haigang, "Jinrong Weiji Gaixie Zhongguo Jingji Bantu, Guojin Mintui Yinfa Danyou" (The Financial Crisis Has Changed China's Economic Structure, Worrisome Thoughts Arise as the State Advances and Private Industry Recedes), Sina, June 23, 2009, http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20090623/15416387459.shtml. 19. These industries are iron and steel, automotive, textiles, equipment, shipbuilding, electronics and information, lighting, petrochemical, nonferrous metals, and logistics. 20. See Haigang. 21. Peng Heyue, "China's Indigenous Innovation Policy and its Effect on Foreign Intellectual Property Rights Holders," China Law Insight, September 9, 2010, http://www.chinalawinsight.com/2010/09/articles/intellectual-property/chinas-indigenous-innovation-policy-and-its-effect-on-foreign-intellectual-property-rights-holders/. 22. U.S.-China Business Council, "Provincial and Local Indigenous Innovation Product Catalogues," February 2011, http://www.uschina.org/public/documents/2010/11/local_ii_catalogues.pdf. 23. "Woguo Guomin Jingji He Shehui Fazhan Shi'er Wu Guihua Gangyao (Quanwen)" (The Guideline of China's Twelfth Five-Year Plan on National Economic and Social Development), Sina, March 17, 2011, http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2011-03-17/055622129864.shtml. 24. Qian Junliang, "Impact of China's Indigenous Innovation Strategies in the 12th Five-Year Plan," Watson & Band, December 2010, http://www.watson-band.com.cn/publication/pub?id=97&language=en_US. 25. In the stimulus package, the central government only funded a moderate portion of the investment plan, and local governments needed to make up the rest with matching funds. However, since local government revenue is limited, the central government approved a special program of extra long-term, concessionary interest rate bank loans to provide paid-in capital for investment projects. Naughton, "Understanding the Chinese Stimulus Package." 26. Zhang Weiying, "Xindai Guoda Yinfu Weiji Jingrong Tizhi Ying Jixu Gaige," (Credit-Easing Might Elicit Crisis, the Reform of the Financial System Should Continue), China.com.cn, August 3, 2009, http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2009-08/03/content_18252982.htm. 27. John McDermott, "Credit Suisse slashes Chinese banks," Financial Times, June 21, 2011, http://ftalphaville.ft.com/blog/2011/06/21/601051/credit-suisse-slashes-chinese-banks/. 28. Telephone interview, July 29, 2009. 29. Zhang Weiying, "Xindai Guoda Yinfu Weiji Jingrong Tizhi Ying Jixu Gaige" (Credit-Easing Might Elicit Crisis, the Reform of the Financial System Should Continue), China.com.cn, August 3, 2009, http://www.china.com.cn/economic/txt/2009-08/03/content_18252982.htm. 30. Naughton, "Understanding the Chinese Stimulus Package." 31. Telephone interview, August 6, 2009. 32. Jingchengsilao refers to four famous old-generation economists in Beijing. The other three are Xiao Zhuoji, Li Yining, and Wu Jinglian. These economists are believed to have strong influence over the Zhongnanhai leadership circle's decisionmaking process. Among them, Liu Guoguang's views are regarded as leaning toward the New Left. 33. Liu Guoguang, "Dangqian Shijie Jingji Weiji Zhong Zhongguo de Biaoxian yu Zhongguo Tese Shehui zhuyi Moshi de Guanxi" (The Relationship between China's Performance in the Global Financial Crisis and the Socialism Model with Chinese Characteristics), Utopia.com, May 12, 2009, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class4/200905/83472.html. 34. Liu Guoguang, "Bianzheng de Kan Zhongguo Gaige Sanshi Nian" (Evaluating China's Reform and Open Door Policy at the 30th Anniversary from a Dialectical Perspective), Utopia.com, May 24, 2009, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class4/200905/85777.html. 35. Long Hua, "Funds raised for construction of 'Five Chongqing' Program," Chongqing News, September 1, 2009, http://english.cqnews.net/cqnews/200909/t20090901_3557356.htm. 36. "Xin Zuipai Cui Zhiyuan Dangguan, Zhu Bo Xilai Zhongjie Chongqing Moshi" (New Leftist Cui Zhiyuan becomes an official, helping Bo Xilai summarize the Chongqing Model), Xinweiyuekan, January 23, 2011, http://xinweiyuekan.com/taxonomy/term/179. 37. Peter Martin and David Cohen, "Socialism 3.0 in China," Diplomat, April 25, 2011, http://the-diplomat.com/2011/04/25/socialism-3-0-in-china/2/ 38. Wang Shaoguang, "Tansuo Zhongguo Shi Shehui Zhuyi 3.0: Chongqing Jingyan" (Exploring Socialism 3.0 with Chinese Characteristics: the Chongqing Experience), Utopia.com, June 10, 2011, http://www.wyzxsx.com/Article/Class4/201106/240443.html. 39. Li Yajie, "Xi Jinping: Cujin Jingji Pingwen Jiaokuai Fazhan he Shehui Hexie Wending" (Xi Jinping: Facilitate the Balanced and Quick Development of the Economy and the Establishment of a Harmonious Society), Xinhua Wang, December 8, 2010, http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-12/08/c_12860642.htm. 40. Telephone interview with a leading Chinese university political scientist, July 23, 2009. 41. Nanfangzhoumo, "Beida Falv Xi Huangpu Yiqi Nabairen" (The Classmates in the Peking University School of Law), ce.cn, June 7, 2007, http://www.ce.cn/xwzx/gnsz/gdxw/200706/07/t20070607_11629544_1.shtml. 42. Telephone interview with leading Chinese university political scientist, July 23, 2009. 43. Census data in 2009 and 2010, National Bureau of Statistics of China, http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjgb/ndtjgb/qgndtjgb/t20110228_402705692.htm. 44. Michael Pettis, "The Contentious Debate Over China's Economic Transition," Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, March 25, 2011, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/china_econ_transition.pdf. 45. Yao Yang, "The End of the Beijing Consensus: Can China's Model of Authoritarian Growth Survive?" Foreign Affairs, February 2, 2010, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65947/the-end-of-the-beijing-consensus?page=2#. 46. Giovanni Ferri and Li-Gang Liu, "Are the Profits of Chinese State-Owned Enterprises Real?" Hong Kong Institute for Monetary Research, April 2009, http://www.hkimr.org/cms/upload/publication_app/pub_full_0_2_210_WP%20No.16_2009.pdf. 47. Pettis, "The Contentious Debate Over China's Economic Transition." 48. "China's Interest Rate Regime: Paying a High Price for Cheap Credit," Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, September 1, 2010, http://www.knowledgeatwharton.com.cn/index.cfm?fa=viewArticle&articleID=2286&languageid=1. 49. Chen Bin, "LongDuan Guoqi Gai Jianfei Le" (It's Time for the Monopolistic State-Owned Enterprises to Reduce their Size), Nanfangzhoumo, May 12, 2011, http://nf.nfdaily.cn/epaper/nfzm/content/20110512/ArticelF29006FM.htm. 50. Huang Yasheng, "Rethinking the Beijing Consensus," Asia Policy 11, January 2011, http://www.nbr.org/publications/element.aspx?id=481. 51. Joshua Cooper Ramo, "The Beijing Consensus," The Foreign Policy Centre, May 2004, http://fpc.org.uk/fsblob/244.pdf. Additional informationNotes on contributorsCharles W. FreemanCharles W. Freeman III was recently the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies and is a nonresident senior adviser for economic and trade affairs at CSISWen Jin YuanWen Jin Yuan is a researcher with the Freeman Chair and a Ph.D. student in policy studies at the University of Maryland, concentrating on international security and economic policy