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Social Variables Predict Gains in Cognitive Scores across the Preschool Years in Children with Birth Weights 500 to 1250 Grams

2015; Elsevier BV; Volume: 166; Issue: 4 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.12.016

1097-6833

Brett J. Manley, Robin S. Roberts, Lex W. Doyle, Barbara Schmidt, Peter J. Anderson, Keith J. Barrington, Birgitta Böhm, Agneta Golan, Aleid G. van Wassenaer‐Leemhuis, Peter G. Davis, Barbara Schmidt, Judy D’Ilario, Janice Cairnie, Joanne Dix, Beth Adams, Erin M. Warriner, Mee-Hai Marie Kim, Peter J. Anderson, Peter G. Davis, Lex W. Doyle, Brenda Argus, Catherine Callanan, Noni Davis, Julianne Duff, Marion McDonald, Elizabeth Asztalos, Denise Hohn, Maralyn Lacy, Ross Haslam, Christopher Barnett, Louise Goodchild, Rosslyn Marie Lontis, Simon Fraser, Julie Keng, Kerryn Saunders, Gillian Opie, Elaine Kelly, Heather Woods, Emma Marchant, Anne-Marie Turner, Noni Davis, Emma Magrath, Amanda Williamson, Aïda Bairam, Sylvie Bélanger, Annie Fraser, Marc Blayney, Brigitte Lemyre, J. Howard Frank, Alfonso Solimano, Anne Synnes, Ruth E. Grunau, Philippa Hubber-Richard, Marilyn Rogers, Margot Mackay, Julianne Petrie-Thomas, Arsalan Butt, Aleid van Wassenaer, Debbie H. G. M. Nuytemans, Bregje A. Houtzager, L. van Sonderen, Rivka Regev, Netter Itzchack, Shmuel Arnon, Adiba Chalaf, Arne Ohlsson, Karel O’Brien, Anne-Marie Hamilton, May Lee Chan, Koravangattu Sankaran, Pat Proctor, Agneta Golan, Esther Goldsch-Lerman, Graham Reynolds, Barbara Dromgool, Sandra Meskell, Vanessa Parr, Catherine Maher, Margaret Broom, Zsuzsoka Kecskés, Cathy Ringland, Douglas McMillan, Elizabeth Spellen, Reginald S. Sauve, Heather Christianson, Deborah Anseeuw-Deeks, Dianne Creighton, Jennifer Heath, Ruben Alvaro, Aaron Chiu, Ceceile Porter, G. Turner, Diane Moddemann, Naomi Granke, Karen Penner, Jane Bow, Antonius Mulder, Renske Wassenberg, Markus van der Hoeven, Maxine Clarke, Judy Parfitt, Kevin C. H. Parker, Chukwuma Nwaesei, Heather Ryan, Cory D. Saunders, Andreas Schulze, Inga Wermuth, Anne Hilgendorff, Andreas W. Flemmer, Eric Herlenius, Lena Legnevall, Hugo Lagercrantz, Derek Matthew, Wendy Amos, Suresh Tulsiani, Cherrie Tan-Dy, Marilyn L. Turner, Constance Phelan, Eric S. Shinwell, Michael H. Levine, Ada Juster‐Reicher, May Khairy, Patricia Grier, Julie Vachon, Larissa Perepolkin, Keith J. Barrington, Sunil K. Sinha, Win Tin, Susan Fritz, Hervé Walti, Diane Royer, Henry L. Halliday, David Millar, Clifford Mayes, Christopher McCusker, Olivia Marie McLaughlin, Hubert Fahnenstich, Bettina Tillmann, Christian Weber, Unni Wariyar, Nicholas D. Embleton, Ravi Swamy, Hans Ulrich Bucher, Jean‐Claude Fauchère, V. Dietz, C Harikumar, Win Tin, Susan Fritz, Barbara Schmidt, Peter J. Anderson, Elizabeth Asztalos, Keith J. Barrington, Peter G. Davis, Deborah Dewey, Lex W. Doyle, Ruth E. Grunau, Diane Moddemann, Arne Ohlsson, Robin S. Roberts, Alfonso Solimano, Win Tin, Michael Gent, William D. Fraser, Edmund Hey, Max Perlman, Kevin E. Thorpe, Shari Gray, Robin S. Roberts, Carole Chambers, Lorrie Costantini, Wendy Yacura, Erin McGean, Lori Scapinello,

Neuroscience of respiration and sleep

Objective To determine the extent that social variables influence cognitive development of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants across the preschool years. Study design Participants were VLBW (500-1250 g) children enrolled in the Caffeine for Apnea of Prematurity randomized trial between 1999 and 2004. We investigated the relationships between 4 potential social advantages: higher maternal education, higher paternal education, caregiver employment, and 2 biologic parents in the same home—and gain in cognitive scores. Cognitive assessments were performed at the corrected ages of 18 months (Mental Development Index score on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II) and 5 years (Full Scale IQ on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence III). Cognitive gain was computed by subtracting each individual 18-month Mental Development Index score from the corresponding Full Scale IQ at 5 years. Results Data were available for 1347 children. Mean (SD) cognitive scores were 90.8 (15.7) at 18 months and 98.9 (14.5) at 5 years. Multivariable regression showed that higher maternal education, higher paternal education, and caregiver employment had independent and additive effects of similar size on cognitive gain ( P < .001); the mean cognitive gain between 18 months and 5 years increased by 3.6 points in the presence of each of these advantages. When all 3 were present, cognitive scores improved on average by 10.9 points compared with children without any of these advantages. Conclusion In VLBW children, a count of 3 social advantages strongly predicts gains in cognitive scores across the preschool years.