Efficacy of preplant soil fumigation with chloropicrin for tomato production in Italy
2002; Elsevier BV; Volume: 21; Issue: 9 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1016/s0261-2194(02)00031-5
ISSN1873-6904
AutoresM. L. Gullino, A. Minuto, G. Gilardi, A. Garibaldi, Husein A. Ajwa, T. Duafala,
Tópico(s)Plant Pathogenic Bacteria Studies
ResumoThe efficacy of chloropicrin (CP) as a possible alternative fumigant to methyl bromide (MB) was investigated in tomato production systems in Northern (Albenga, Liguria) and Southern (Acate, Sicily) Italy, in six experimental trials. Two different application methods were tested: soil injection using traditional shank fumigation equipment and drip fumigation through the irrigation systems using different amounts of water to deliver CP. In the presence of severe attacks of Verticillium dahliae, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, CP applied by shank injection at rates ⩾30 g/m2, provided a satisfactory and consistent control of tomato diseases, without causing phytotoxicity. However, CP applied by shank injection at 30 or 40 g/m2 was less effective than MB applied using the standard rate (60 g/m2) and method. The concentration of CP providing the most control of fungal pathogens ranged from 400 to 700 μl/l. CP efficacy applied through the drip irrigation systems seemed affected by the amount of irrigation water more than the application rate or concentration. Soil type and organic matter content may influence the efficacy of the treatment, particularly when CP is applied through shank injection. With this type of application, the same application rate of CP was more effective in Acate soil that contains more sand and less organic matter than in Albenga soil. For any application rate of CP, the efficacy of drip fumigation was greater than shank injection, particularly in the Albenga soil.
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