Survey and Excavation in the Central Highlands of Yemen: Results of the Dhamãr Survey Project, 1996 and 1998
1999; Wiley; Volume: 10; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1111/j.1600-0471.1999.tb00124.x
ISSN1600-0471
AutoresT. J. Wilkinson, Christopher Edens,
Tópico(s)African history and culture analysis
ResumoArabian Archaeology and EpigraphyVolume 10, Issue 1 p. 1-33 Survey and Excavation in the Central Highlands of Yemen: Results of the Dhamãr Survey Project, 1996 and 1998 T. J. WILKINSON, T. J. WILKINSON 2The Oriental Institute, ChicagoSearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTOPHER EDENS, CHRISTOPHER EDENS 2University of Pennsylvania Museum, PhiladelphiaSearch for more papers by this author T. J. WILKINSON, T. J. WILKINSON 2The Oriental Institute, ChicagoSearch for more papers by this authorCHRISTOPHER EDENS, CHRISTOPHER EDENS 2University of Pennsylvania Museum, PhiladelphiaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 February 2007 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0471.1999.tb00124.xCitations: 9AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat References 1 Previous results of the Dhamãr Survey are reported in Gibson M & Wilkinson TJ. The Dhamãr Plain, Yemen: a preliminary study of the archaeological landscape. PSAS 25: 1995: 159–183.Wilkinson TJ, Edens C, & Gibson M. The archaeology of the Yemen high plains: a preliminary chronology. AAE 8: 1997: 99–142. Wilkinson TJ. Holocene environments of the high plateau, Yemen, recent geoarchaeological investigations. Geo Archaeology 12 (8): 1997: 833–64. Edens C & Wilkinson TJ. Southewest Arabia during the Holocene: Recent Archaeological Developments. J. World Prehistory 12 (1): 1998: 55–119. 2 Funding for the 1996 survey season was provided by members of the Oriental Institute, and in particular by the generosity of a single donor; we wish to thank these benefactors for their financial support Funding for the test excavations of that season came from a grant to Edens from the American Institute for Yemeni Studies. 3 Funding for the 1998 field season was provided by the National Science Foundation (grant no. 9727355), The National Geographic Society (grant no. 6040–97) and several private donors. 4 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology. 5 Wilkinson, Holocene Environment. 6 Wilkinson, Holocene Environment: 845–47. 7 Wilkinson, Holocene Environment. 8 Nettleton WD & Chadwick OA. Late Quaternary, redeposited loess-soil development sequences, South Yemen. Geoderma 70: 1996: 21–36. 9 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 108–110. 10 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 111–122. 11 Cf. those illustrated in de Maigret A. The Bronze Age Culture of Hogo;awlãn at Tiyãl and al-Hada (Republic of Yemen). Rome : IsMEO, ( 2 vols) 1990. 12 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: Figs 15, 16 and 18. The pair of al-Kharraib radiocarbon determinations are statistically identical at the 95% confidence level. Their weighted average of 3020$60 BP calibrates to 1250 BC (one sigma range of 1380–1130 BC, two sigma range of 1410–1040). 13 Drawn and interpreted by Glynn Barratt and Eleanor Barbanes and to be discussed in a future report. 14 Zarins J. Ancient Egypt and the Red Sea trade: the case for obsidian in the Predynastic and Archaic periods. In: A Leonard & B Williams, eds. Essays in Ancient Civilization Presented to Helene J. Kantor. Chicago : SADC, 47: 1989: 339–368. 15 Breton J-F. Les fortifications d'Arabie Méridionale du 7eau 1ersiècle avant notre ère. ABADY 8: 1994. 16 Gibson & Wilkinson, Dhamãr Plain: Figs 6 and 7; Wilkinson et al. Preliminary Chronology: Fig. 19. 17 OI Qãcma 1; Norbet Nebes, pers. comm., March 1998. 18 Norbet Nebes pers. comm., March 1998. 19 To be published separately by Prof. Nebes. 20 Reigned AD 1644–76: Dresch, P. Tribes, Government and History in Yemen. Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1989: 200. 21 Gibson & Wilkinson, Dhamãr Plain: 170–76. 22 Edens & Wilkinson, Southwest Arabia: 68–71. 23 2290$50 BP (Beta-100520); see Wilkinson, Holocene Environment: Table 1. 24 For DS 45, see Gibson & Wilkinson, Dhamãr Plain: 165. 25 for DS 153, see Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 111. 26 for DS 150, see Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 111–113. 27 for DS 176, see Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 117–118. 28 for DS 66 and 101 see Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 113–117, 119–122. 29 Edens & Wilkinson, Southwest Arabia: 79–84. 25 See Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology; Table 1 here lists the radiocarbon dates. 26 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 120. 27 Fedele F. Radiocarbon dates. In: de Maigret A, Hogoawlãn and Hada: 205–212. 28 N=237; de Maigret, Hogoawlãn and Hada. 29 Notably hemispherical bowls, the range of small everted rim jars, and heavy storage jars with everted or ledge rims. 30 The Sibal assemblage also includes a small horizontal loop handle (Fig. 13. 12); this form anticipates the larger handle typical of early Iron Age assemblages in the highlands (see Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 122, 166, Fig. 15. 21–24). However, the one recovered Sibal example derives from the slope wash unit of the ash dump (Op. 3 Loc. 1), associated with the late second-millennium radiocarbon date, leaving uncertain its association with the third-millennium assemblage. This type of handle seems absent from the Hogoawlãn assemblage, but several examples from good contexts do occur at Hammat al-Qãc. 31 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 111, 113. 32 Wilkinson et al., Preliminary Chronology: 111–113. 33 Impressed holes sometimes appear on lug handles, a decoration typical of the Hogoawlãn and also present at DS 45 and 150. 34 The predominance of sheep/goat appears at MASi (forty-five of fifty-three identifiable specimens; Bökönyi S. Preliminary report on the animal remains of Gabal Qutran (GQi) and Al-Masannah (MASi). In: de Maigret, Hogoawlãn and Hada: 145–148), RAQi (209 of 265 identifiable), and WYi (103 of 129, Fedele F. Bronze Age faunal collections from North Yemen. In: de Maigret, Hogoawlãn and Hada 149–185); sheep are definitely, and goat probably, present. The proportion of cattle is higher at several sites (NABvii and BSUii), but the small samples sizes involved may reflect more severe taphonomic effects (Fedele, Fauna). 35 Fedele, Fauna: 168. 36 Garcia M, Rachad M, Hadjouis D, Inizan M-L & Fontugne M. Découvertes préhistoriques au Yemen, le contexte archéologique de l'art rupestre de la région de Saada. Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris 313 série II: 1991: 1201–1206. 37 Fedele, Fauna: 167. 38 Dr. Richard Redding (University of Michigan) provided the species identification of the faunal samples, and general interpretative comments on which this report is based. We thank Dr. Redding for his analysis. 39 For the Hammat al-Qãc limb fragments, Redding reports a ratio of 0.5:1 for non-meat-bearing to meat-bearing elements; a ratio of 2.3:1 is expected where whole animals are butchered. This difference suggests a system of marketed butchered carcasses rather than slaughter and butchering of entire animals in domestic contexts. 40 de Maigret, Hogoawlãn and Hada: 217. 41 Even larger towns may exist in the highlands toward Ibb, where rainfall is considerably higher than in the western Hada district. But intensive terracing has obscured sites and finding remains of Bronze Age settlement is much more difficult here. See Edens & Wilkinson, Southwest Arabia for a discussion of these issues. Citing Literature Volume10, Issue1May 1999Pages 1-33 ReferencesRelatedInformation
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