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Double Trouble: A Realist View of Chinese and Indian Power

2013; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 36; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês

10.1080/0163660x.2013.825554

1530-9177

George J. Gilboy, Eric Heginbotham,

Asian Geopolitics and Ethnography

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Notes 1. The role of Russia was particularly problematic, as it fought minor campaigns against Britain, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire. Charles Esdaile, Napoleon's Wars: An International History, 1803–1815 (New York: Viking Penguin, 2008). 2. Randall L. Schweller, "Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In," International Security 19, no. 1 (Summer 1994), 72–107. 3. Alastair Iain Johnston, "How New and Assertive is China's New Assertiveness?" International Security 37, no.4 (Spring 2013): 7–48. 4. Condoleezza Rice, "Rethinking the National Interest," Foreign Affairs, (July/August 2008), http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/64445/condoleezza-rice/rethinking-the-national-interest. 5. Data presented in this section cover only UN General Assembly resolutions that were adopted with a vote. Some percentage votes do not add to 100 due to abstentions. UN Bibliographic Information System, http://unbisnet.un.org/. 6. "IAEA and Iran: IAEA Resolutions," International Atomic Energy Agency, http://www.iaea.org/newscenter/focus/iaeairan/iaea_resolutions.shtml. 7. A former Indian Foreign Secretary has laid out reasons for India to oppose international censure for human rights violations. See Kanwal Sibal, "Anti-Lanka vote was a bad idea," The Tribune, March 24, 2013, http://www.tribuneindia.com/2013/20130324/edit.htm#1. 8. Jennifer Freedman, "UN waters down criticism of Sri Lanka," Sydney Morning Herald, March 22, 2013, http://www.smh.com.au/world/un-waters-down-criticism-of-sri-lanka-20130322-2gjf2.html. 9. John Miller, "Indian Minister Frustrates West At Trade Talks," Wall Street Journal, July 25, 2008, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB121691447068181327.html. 10. Tobias Rapp, Christian Schwägerl and Gerald Traufetter , "The Copenhagen Protocol: How China and India Sabotaged the UN Climate Summit," Der Spiegel, May 5, 2010, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/the-copenhagen-protocol-how-china-and-india-sabotaged-the-un-climate-summit-a-692861.html. 11. Jairam Ramesh, "How India saved China from isolation at Copenhagen," The Times of India, May 9, 2010, http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-09/india/28305207_1_india-and-china-copenhagen-talks-climate-change. 12. Data on United States international trade from the U.S. Census Bureau. See "Foreign Trade," http://www.census.gov/foreign-trade/index.html. 13. World Trade Organization, "Table of Disputes by Respondent," http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_by_country_e.htm#respondent. 14. World Trade Organization, "Table of Disputes by Respondent," http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/dispu_e/dispu_by_country_e.htm#respondent. 15. International Intellectual Property Alliance, "China: 2013 Special 301 Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement," http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2013/2013SPEC301CHINA.PDF. 16. International Intellectual Property Alliance, "India: 2013 Special 301 Report on Copyright Protection and Enforcement," http://www.iipa.com/rbc/2013/2013SPEC301INDIA.PDF. 17. Sujay Mehdudia, "India not to halt imports from Iran," The Hindu, March 29, 2013, http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/indianot-to-halt-imports-from-iran/article4562004.ece; United States Government Accountability Office, "Firms Reported to Have Sold Iran Refined Petroleum Products or Engaged in Commercial Activities in Iran's Energy Sector," GAO-13-173R, December 7, 2012, http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-13-173R; Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India, "Address by H. E. Mr. Pranab Mukherjee, Minister of External Affairs, at a Seminar on "India and Iran: Ancient Civilizations and Modern Nations" in Tehran," November 2, 2008, http://mea.gov.in/Speeches-Statements.htm?dtl/1768/Address+by+HEMr+Pranab+Mukherjee+Minister+of+External+Affairs+at+a+Seminar+on+India+and+Iran++Ancient+Civilizations+and+Modern+Nations+in+Tehran. 18. Amitav Ranjan, "To engage Iran, India looks to beat US, UN sanctions by being 'creative,'" Express India, August 3, 2010, http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/latest-news/To-engage-Iran--India-looks-to-beat-US--UN-sanctions-by-being--creative-/655365/; and Jim Yardley, "India Defends Oil Purchases From Iran," New York Times, February 11, 2012, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/12/world/asia/india-trumpets-ties-with-us-amid-iran-oil-deal.html. 19. "India Approves Reinsurance Fund to Aid Oil Imports From Iran," Wall Street Journal, April 4, 2013, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323646604578402372992203816.html. 20. R. Nicholas Burns, "India Lets U.S. Down on Iran," The Diplomat, February 20, 2012, http://thediplomat.com/2012/02/20/india-lets-u-s-down-on-iran/. 21. Taylor Fravel, Strong Borders, Secure Nation: Cooperation and Conflict in China's Territorial Disputes (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008); Stephen P. Cohen, Emerging Power: India (Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001). 22. Mark Valencia, "The Impeccable Incident: Truth and Consequences," China Security, 14 (2009), www.chinasecurity.us/pdfs/Valencia.pdf. 23. United Nations, Division for Ocean Affairs and the Law of the Sea, "Declarations made upon signature, ratification, accession or succession or anytime thereafter," India section, http://www.un.org/Depts/los/convention_agreements/convention_declarations.htm#India Declaration made upon ratification. 24. Questions about U.S. naval activities in India's EEZ were also raised in India's parliament in 2004. See Question 2245, Rajya Sabha, August 25, 2004/Bhadrapada 3, 1926 (Saka), http://www.rajyasabha.gov.in/dailyques/202/uq25082004.PDF. 25. China's official defense spending and economic data are found at: National Bureau of Statistics of China, China Statistical Yearbook 2012, http://www.stats.gov.cn/english/publications/t20121011_402841708.htm. Somewhat more detail on official Chinese defense spending is available in China's Defense White Papers, at: The State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, [in Chinese], http://www.scio.gov.cn/zfbps/. Indian official defense spending is available at: Ministry of Finance, Government of India, "Union Budget and Economic Survey," http://indiabudget.nic.in. Indian economic data is available at: Reserve Bank of India, "Database on Indian Economy," http://dbie.rbi.org.in/DBIE/dbie.rbi?site=home. 26. George J. Gilboy and Eric Heginbotham, Chinese and Indian Strategic Behavior: Growing Power and Alarm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012), 94–132. 27. Government of India, Indian Army Doctrine, Part 1, (Simla: Headquarters Army Training Command, October 22, 2004), Section 11, 4.8, and Section 11, 4.11, http://pksoi.army.mil/doctrine_concepts/documents/INDIA/indianarmydoctrine_1.pdf. 28. Freedom to Use the Seas: India's Maritime Military Strategy (New Delhi: Integrated Headquarters, Ministry of Defence [Navy]), May 2007. 29. Christopher P. Twomey, The Military Lens: Doctrinal Difference and Deterrence Failure in Sino-American. Relations (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2010). 30. Sumit Ganguly, "India's Misguided Autonomy," The Diplomat, June 25, 2012, http://thediplomat.com/indian-decade/2012/06/25/indias-misguided-autonomy/; C. Raja Mohan, "India: Between 'Strategic Autonomy' and 'Geopolitical Influence'" Asia Policy no. 15 (January 2013), 21–25. 31. Press Information Bureau, Government of India, "Testing Agni II," April 23, 1999, http://pib.nic.in/feature/fe0499/f2304991.html; The Atlantic Council of the United States, "Managing Nuclear Arms Competition in South Asia: Work the Problem, Don't Fight It!" Bulletin 9, no. 5 (July 30, 1998); P.R. Chari, "India's Nuclear Doctrine: Confused Ambitions," The Non-Proliferation Review (Fall/Winter 2000), 123–135, http://cns.miis.edu/npr/pdfs/73chari.pdf. 32. "Watch Out, World Bank: Here Comes the BRICS Bank," CNBC News, March 27, 2013, http://www.cnbc.com/id/100596232. 33. Ashley Tellis, Opportunities Unbound: Sustaining the Transformation in U.S.-Indian Relations (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2013), 10–15; George Perkovich, Toward Realistic U.S.–India Relations (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2010). Additional informationNotes on contributorsGeorge J. Gilboy George J. Gilboy is co-author of Chinese and Indian Strategic Behavior: Growing Power and Alarm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012) Eric Heginbotham Eric Heginbotham is co-author of Chinese and Indian Strategic Behavior: Growing Power and Alarm (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2012)