Change and Continuity under an Eclectic Social Security Regime: The Case of Turkey
2011; Taylor & Francis; Volume: 47; Issue: 3 Linguagem: Inglês
10.1080/00263206.2011.565145
ISSN1743-7881
Autores Tópico(s)Social Policy and Reform Studies
ResumoAbstract This article discusses how changes in the welfare regime are shaped by the inherited institutional setting as well as by politics with reference to the particular case of Turkey, where the former social security system combined Bismarckian conservatism with informality and clientelism. Both the reassertion of traditional forms of solidarity and the discovery of social rights as an aspect of equal citizenship figure in the currently emerging social solidarity models. The ability of political actors to defend these contesting models is likely to influence the ongoing transformation of the countryãs eclectic welfare regime. Notes 1. On this point, see B. Palier and M. Claude, 'From "a Frozen Landscape" to Structural Reforms: The Sequential Transformation of Bismarckian Welfare Systems', Social Policy and Administration, Vol.41, No.6 (2007), pp.535–54. Also see B. Palier and K. 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Turkey, Parliament Deb., 454, 16 May 1986, Proposed Law on the Encouragement of Social Cooperation and Solidarity and the Report of the Commission on Plan and Budget. 22. Turkey, Parliament Deb., reunion 84, session 2, 17 June 1992, p.364. 23. Conditional Cash Transfer involves providing monthly social assistance to poor families with children on the condition of regular school attendance and vaccination. The target group has been the poorest 6% of the population. The amount of monthly assistance is also very low. Nevertheless, it has been widely observed that the programme has become successful in ensuring that the girls are sent to school and has helped the poorest section of the society to a certain extent. 24. B. Yakut-Cakar, 'Turkey', in B. Deacon and P. Stubbs (eds.), Social Policy and International Interventions in South East Europe (Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2007), pp.103–29. 25. B. 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In 2003 two conferences on microcredit were held in five-star hotels in Istanbul with massive elite participation: the Conference on the Alleviation of Poverty through the Use of Microcredit, organized by the Turkish Foundation for the Reduction of Waste, Istanbul, 9–10 June 2003 and the Conference on Microfinance: Global Experience and Prospects for Turkey, organized by the International Finance Corporation, Turkish Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency and Bankgruppe, Istanbul, 2–3 Oct. 2003. The opening address by the prime minister at the first conference and the minister of finance at the second clearly revealed both the prevailing social policy outlook and the place of microcredit within it. 32. Aziz Akgül, member of the parliament from Diyarbakır and the founding director of the Turkish Foundation for the Reduction of Waste (Türkiye Israfı Önleme Vakfı) 33. A. Bugra and S. Adar, 'Social Policy Change in Countries Without Mature Welfare States: The Case of Turkey', New Perspectives on Turkey, No.38 (2008), pp.83–106. 34. S. Adar, 'Turkey: Reform in Social Policy', Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.17, No.2 (2007), pp.167–8. 35. The statistics that were released after the elections show that the amount of social assistance distributed by the General Directorate of Social Assistance and Solidarity had increased threefold in the pre-election period. 36. The prime minister participated in the debate with a statement which was widely quoted in the media, both critically and with approval: 'Charity is legitimate in our culture'. See 'Erdoğan: Sadaka kültürümüzde meşrudur' [Erdogan: Charity is legitimate in our culture], Milliyet, 2 Jan. 2009, http://www.milliyet.com.tr/default.aspx?aType=HaberDetay&ArticleID=1041815 (accessed 8 March 2010). 37. The report of the CHP on the new guaranteed minimum income scheme for the family can be accessed at http://www.chp.org.tr/wp-content/upload/ailesigortasi.pdf (accessed 25 March 2011). 38. The Draft Constitution prepared by DISK Kaboglu et al. (1 June 2009), Özgürlükçü, Eşitlikçi, Demokratik ve Sosyal Bir Anayasa İçin Temel İlkeler (Anayasa Raporu) [Fundamental Principles of a Freedom-generating, Egalitarian, Democratic and Social Constitution (Constitution Report)], http://www.disk.org.tr/content_images/DiSKanayasa.pdf (accessed 8 March 2010). 39. Ibid., p.45. 40. Ibid., p.53. 41. KEIG, Türkiye'de Kadın Emeği ve İstihdamı: Sorun Alanları ve Politika Önerileri [Female Labour and Employment in Turkey: Problems and Policy Suggestions] (Istanbul: KEIG, 2009). 42. 'Evde Bakim Hizmeti ve Bagimsiz Yasam' [Care At Home Model and Autonomous Life], Bulent Kucukaslan, 15 Oct. 2007, http://bianet.org/bianet/toplum/102304-evde-bakim-hizmeti-ve-bagimsiz-yasam (accessed 8 March 2010).
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