Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Estado, mercado e desenvolvimento: uma nova síntese para o século XXI?

1999; UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS; Volume: 8; Issue: 1 Linguagem: Inglês

1982-3533

Robert Boyer,

Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth

Ao longo dos ultimos 20 anos, as oposicoes radicais no terreno do desenvolvimento deram lugar a uma notavel convergencia: dado que tanto o mercado quanto o Estado deparam-se com limitacoes, torna-se conveniente combinar suas logicas. Cabem aos Estados as decisoes estrategicas, deixa-se ao mercado o papel da alocacao cotidiana de bens que nao envolvem uma escolha social. A experiencia confirma que a estrategia “so Estado” conduz ao impasse, e que a estrategia “so mercado” encontra limitacoes evidentes no que tange ao trabalho (desemprego e desigualdades), as financas (papel potencialmente desestabilizador da especulacao) ou, ainda, ao meio-ambiente (necessidade de normas coletivas). As teorias microeconomicas confirmam as condicoes restritivas sob as quais um equilibrio de mercado e otimo, a analise do progresso tecnico endogeno reabilita a importância das intervencoes publicas para o desenvolvimento (educacao, inovacao) e a nova economia politica mostra que o Estado nao e jamais puramente instrumental em relacao ao desenvolvimento. A alternância entre estrategias intervencionistas e liberais nao e, pois, uma fatalidade. A crise dos paises asiaticos apos 1997 permite esperar uma sintese original para o seculo XXI: a busca, como base do desenvolvimento, de complementaridades entre Estado e mercado, fundadas em arranjos institucionais potencialmente ricos em novas formas de coordenacao economica.Abstract Concerning economic and social development, radical differences of view have yielded to a distinct convergence over the last 20 years: to the extent that both State and market intervention have their limits, it is better to combine their specificities and action than to privilege one over the other. Leave strategic decisions to the State and let the market make the day-to-day decisions regarding the allocation of goods that do not presuppose social choice. Experience confirms that the “all State” approach leads to a dead-end, just as the “all market” approach has obvious limitations as regards labour (unemployment, inequality), finance (the potentially disruptive role of speculation) or the environment (the need for government standards). Microeconomic theories confirm the restrictive conditions required for an optimal market equilibrium, analysis of endogenous technical progress gives renewed importance to public intervention to foster development (education, infrastructure, innovation) and contemporary political economy shows that the State does not always act exclusively in favour of development. Alternating between interventionist strategies on the one hand and liberal ones on the other is thus not inevitable. The crisis in Asian countries since 1997 opens the prospect of a new synthesis for the 21st century: the search, as the basis for development, for complementarities between the State and the market, based on other institutional arrangements with rich potential for new forms of economic co-ordination.Key words: Employment. Wage; Employment policies. Institutional theory of growth. “Regulation” theory. Wage labor nexus