Portal de Periódicos da CAPES

Malignant neoplasms associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection

1992; Wiley; Volume: 42; Issue: 2 Linguagem: Inglês

10.3322/canjclin.42.2.74

1542-4863

Bijan Safai, B. Diaz, Jazmin Schwartz,

CNS Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment

CA: A Cancer Journal for CliniciansVolume 42, Issue 2 p. 74-95 ArticleFree Access Malignant neoplasms associated with human immunodeficiency virusinfection Bijian Safai MD, DSc, Bijian Safai MD, DSc Chief of the Dermatology Service and a Member of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Professor of Medicine at Cornell University Medical College in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorBeatrice Diaz MD, Beatrice Diaz MD An Intern/Resident at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph Schwartz MD, Joseph Schwartz MD Dermatology Fellow at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author Bijian Safai MD, DSc, Bijian Safai MD, DSc Chief of the Dermatology Service and a Member of Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Professor of Medicine at Cornell University Medical College in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorBeatrice Diaz MD, Beatrice Diaz MD An Intern/Resident at St. Vincent's Hospital in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this authorJoseph Schwartz MD, Joseph Schwartz MD Dermatology Fellow at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York, New YorkSearch for more papers by this author First published: March/April 1992 https://doi.org/10.3322/canjclin.42.2.74Citations: 44AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL References 1 Kaposi M: Idiopathigches multiples pigment sarcom der haut. Arch Dermatol Syph 4: 265– 273, 1872. 2 Centers for Disease Control: Revision of the case definition of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome for national reporting—United States. MMWR 34: 373– 375, 1985. 3 Friedman-Kien AE, Saltzman BR: Clinical manifestations of classical, endemic African and epidemic AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. J Am Acad Dermatol 22: 1237– 1250, 1990. 4 Safai B, Johnson KG, Myskowski PL, et al: The natural history of Kaposi's sarcoma in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 103: 744– 750, 1985. 5 Chachoua A, Krigel R, Lafleur F, et al: Prognostic factors and staging classification of patients with epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 7: 774– 780, 1989. 6 Nakamura S, Salahuddin SZ, Biberfeld P, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma cells: Long-term culture with growth factor from retrovirus-infected CD4+ T cells. Science 242: 426– 430, 1988. 7 Salahuddin SZ, Nakamura S, Biberfeld P, et al: Angiogenic properties of Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells after long-term culture in vitro. Science 242: 430– 433, 1988. 8 Thompson EW, Nakamura S, Shima TB, et al: Supernatants of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related Kaposi's sarcoma cells induce endothelial cell chemotaxis and invasiveness. Cancer Res 51: 2670– 2676, 1991. 9 Weich HA, Salahuddin SZ, Nakamura S, et al: AIDS-Kaposi's derived cells in long-term culture express and synthesize smooth muscle a-Actin. Science, in press. 10 Ensoli B, Nakamura S, Salahuddin SZ, et al: AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma-derived cells express cytokines with autocrine and paracrine growth effects. Science 243: 223– 226, 1989. 11 Ensoli B, Barillari G, Gallo RC: Pathogenesis of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5: 281– 295, 1991. 12 Barillari G, Buonaguro L, Hoffman J, et al: Cytokines from activated T cells and extracellular HIV-1 TAT protein have complimentary effects on mesenchymal cell growth and HIV-1 gene expression: Implications for AIDS-Kaposi's sarcoma pathogenesis. 13 Vogel J, Hinrichs SH, Reynolds RK, et al: The HIV tat gene induces dermal lesions resembling Kaposi's sarcoma in transgenic mice. Nature 335: 606– 611, 1988. 14 Ensoli B, Barillari G, Salahuddin SZ, et al: Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients. Nature 345: 84– 86, 1990. 15 Pilgrim M: Spontaneous manifestation and regression of a Kaposi's sarcoma under cyclosporin A. Hautarzt 39: 368– 370, 1988. 16 Wijnveen AC, Persson H, Bjorck S, Blohme I: Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma: Full regression after withdrawal of immunosuppressive therapy: Report of a case. Transplant Proc 19: 3735– 3736, 1987. 17 Safai B: Long-term survivors. Unpublished data. 18 Safai B, Sarngadharan MG, Koziner B, et al: Spectrum of Kaposi's sarcoma in the epidemic of AIDS. Cancer Res 45: 4646s– 4648s, 1985. 19 Rabkin CS, Goedert JJ, Biggar RJ, et al: Kaposi's sarcoma in three HIV-1-infected cohorts. J AIDS 3 (suppl 1): s38– s43, 1990. 20 Mitsuyasu RT, Taylor JM, Glaspy J, Fahey JL: Heterogeneity of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma: Implications for therapy. Cancer 57: 1657– 1661, 1986. 21 Ballard HS: Disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma without lymphocyte abnormalities. Arch Intern Med 145: 547, 1985. 22 Lane HC, Masur H, Gelmann EP, et al: Correlation between immunologic function and clinical subpopulations of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Am J Med 78: 417– 422, 1985. 23 Jacobson LP, Munoz A, Fox R, et al: Incidence of Kaposi's sarcoma in a cohort of homosexual men infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J AIDS 3 (suppl 1): s24– s31, 1990. 24 Cohen DJ, Loertscher R, Rubin MF, et al: Cyclosporine: A new immunosuppressive agent for organ transplantation. Ann Intern Med 101: 667– 682, 1984. 25 Mavligit GM, Talpaz M, Hsia FT, et al: Chronic immune stimulation by sperm alloantigens: Support for the hypothesis that spermatozoa induce immune dysregulation in homosexual males. JAMA 251: 237– 241, 1984. 26 Folks TM, Justement J, Kinter A, et al: Cytokine-induced expression of HIV-1 in a chronically infected promonocyte cell line. Science 238: 800– 802, 1987. 27 Koyanagi Y, O'Brien WA, Zhao JQ, et al: Cytokines alter production of HIV-1 from primary mononuclear phagocytes. Science 241: 1673– 1675, 1988. 28 Rabkin CS, Biggar RJ, Horm JW: Increasing incidence of cancers with the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic. Int J Cancer 47: 692– 696, 1991. 29 Beral V, Peterman T, Berkelman R, Jaffe H: AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Lancet 337: 805– 809, 1991. 30 Moore RD, Kessler H, Richman DD, et al: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma in patients with advanced HIV infection treated with zidovudine. JAMA 265: 2208– 2211, 1991. 31 Lowenthal DA, Straus DJ, Campbell SW, et al: AIDS-related lymphoid neoplasias: The Memorial Hospital experience. Cancer 61: 2325– 2337, 1988. 32 Ioachim HL, Dorsett B, Cronin W, et al: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphomas: Clinical, pathologic, immunologic, and viral characteristics of 111 cases. Hum Pathol 22: 659– 673, 1991. 33 Knowles DM, Chamulak GA, Subar M, et al: Lymphoid neoplasia associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): The New York University Medical Center experience with 105 patients (1981–1986). Ann Intern Med 108: 744– 753, 1988. 34 Kaplan LD, Abrams DI, Feigal E, et al: AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in San Francisco. JAMA 261: 719– 724, 1989. 35 Monfardini S, Tirelli U, Vaccher E, et al: Malignant lymphomas in patients with or at risk for AIDS: A report of 50 cases observed in Italy. Cancer Detect Prev 12: 237– 241, 1988. 36 Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Pallesen G, Franzmann MB, et al: AIDS-related lymphoma: Histopathology, immunophenotype, and association with Epstein-Barr virus as demonstrated by in situ nucleic acid hybridization. Am J Pathol 138: 149– 163, 1991. 37 Raphael M, Gentilhomme O, Tulliez M, et al: Histopathologic features of high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Pathol Lab Med 115: 15– 20, 1991. 38 Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Pathologic Classification Project: National Cancer Institute sponsored study of classifications of Non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. Cancer 49: 2112– 2135, 1982. 39 Loureiro C, Gill PS, Meyer PR, et al: Autopsy findings in AIDS-related lymphoma. Cancer 62: 735– 739, 1988. 40 Boyle MJ, Swanson CE, Turner JJ, et al: Definition of two distinct types of AIDS-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Br J Hematol 76: 506– 512, 1990. 41 Roithmann S, Toledano M, Tourani JM, et al: HIV-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphomas: Clinical characteristics and outcome: The experience of the French Registry of HIV-associated tumors. Ann Oncol 2: 289– 295, 1991. 42 Murray HW, Godbold JH, Jurica KB, Roberts RB: Progression to AIDS in patients with lymphadenopathy or AIDS-related complex: Reappraisal of risk and predictive factors. Am J Med 86: 533– 538, 1989. 43 Chadburn A, Metroka C, Mouradian J: Progressive lymph node histology and its prognostic value in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and AIDS-related complex. Human Pathol 20: 579– 587, 1989. 44 Shibata D, Weiss LM, Nathwani BN, et al: Epstein-Barr virus in benign lymph node biopsies from individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is associated with concurrent or subsequent development of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Blood 77: 1527– 1533, 1991. 45 Kaplan LD, Kahn JO, Crowe S, et al: Clinical and virologic effects of recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients receiving chemotherapy for human immunodeficiency virus-associated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Results of a randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 9: 929– 940, 1991. 46 Levine AM, Wernz JC, Kaplan L, et al: Low-dose chemotherapy with central nervous system prophylaxis and zidovudine maintenance in AIDS-related lymphoma: A prospective multi-institutional trial. JAMA 266: 84– 88, 1991. 47 Hanto DW, Gajl-Peczalska KJ, Frizzera G, et al: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) induced polyclonal and monoclonal B-cell lymphoproliferative diseases occurring after renal transplantation: Clinical, pathologic, and virologic findings and implications for therapy. Ann Surg 198: 356– 369, 1983. 48 Lane HC, Fauci AS: Immunologic abnormalities in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Rev Immunol 3: 477– 500, 1985. 49 Birx DL, Redfield RR, Tosato G: Defective regulation of Epstein-Barr virus infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS-related disorders. N Engl J Med 314: 874– 879, 1986. 50 Greenspan D, Greenspan J, Goldman H: Oral viral lesion (hairy leukoplakia) associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. MMWR 34: 549– 550, 1985. 51 Greenspan JS, Greenspan D, Lennette ET, et al: Replication of Epstein-Barr virus within the epithelial cells of oral " hairy" leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion. N Engl J Med 313: 1564– 1571, 1985. 52 Greenspan D, Greenspan JS, Hearst NG, et al: Relation of oral hairy leukoplakia to infection with human immunodeficiency virus and the risk of developing AIDS. J Infect Dis 155: 475– 481, 1987. 53 Kieff E, Dambaugh T, Hummel M, Heller M: Epstein-Barr virus transformation and replication. Adv Viral Oncol 3: 133– 182, 1983. 54 Ernberg I, Altiok E: The role of Epstein-Barr virus in lymphomas of HIV-carriers. APMIS Suppl 8: 58– 61, 1989. 55 Lombardi L, Newcomb EW, Dalla-Favera R: Pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma: Expression of an activated c-myc oncogene causes the tumorigenic conversion of EBV-infected human B lymphoblasts. Cell 49: 161– 170, 1987. 56 Neri A, Barriga F, Inghirami G, et al: Epstein-Barr virus infection precedes clonal expansion in Burkitt's and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated lymphoma. Blood 77: 1092– 1095, 1991. 57 Yarchoan R, Redfield RR, Broder S: Mechanisms of B-cell activation in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related disorders: Contribution of antibody-producing B cells, of Epstein-Barr virus infected B cells, and of immunoglobulin production induced by human T cell lymphotropic virus, type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus. J Clin Invest 78: 439– 447, 1986. 58 Alonso ML, Richardson ME, Metroka CE, et al: Chromosomal abnormalities in AIDS-associated lymphadenopathy. Blood 69: 855– 858, 1987. 59 Knowles DM, Chamulak G, Subar M, et al: Clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic analysis of AIDS-associated lymphoid neoplasia: Clinical and biologic implications. Pathol Annu 23 (2): 33– 67, 1988. 60 McGrath MS, Shiramizu B, Meeker TC, et al: AIDS-associated polyclonal lymphoma: Identification of a new HIV-associated disease process. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 4: 408– 415, 1991. 61 Rowley JD: Ph1-positive leukaemia, including chronic myelogenous leukaemia. Clin Haematol 9: 55– 86, 1980. 62 Bernheim A, Berger R: Cytogenetic studies of Burkitt lymphoma-leukemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 32: 67– 74, 1988. 63 Klein G: The role of gene dosage and genetic transpositions in carcinogenesis. Nature 294: 313– 318, 1981. 64 Chaganti R, Jhanwar SC, Koziner B, et al: Specific translocations characterize Burkitt-like lymphoma of homosexual men with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Blood 61: 1265– 1268, 1983. 65 Petersen JM, Tubbs RR, Savage RA, et al: Small noncleaved B cell Burkitt-like lymphoma with chromosome t(8;14) translocation and Epstein-Barr virus nuclear-associated antigen in a homosexual man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Med 78: 141– 148, 1985. 66 Haluska FG, Russo G, Kant J, et al: Molecular resemblance of an AIDS-associated lymphoma and endemic Burkitt lymphomas: Implications for their pathogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 8907– 8911, 1989. 67 Haluska FG, Russo G, Andreef M, Croce CM: Molecular analysis of an AIDS-associated Burkitt's lymphoma: Near-identity with endemic cases. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology 141: 75– 79, 1988. 68 Botti AC, Diamond GR, Verma RS: Lymphoma and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: Cytogenetic and molecular correlates. Europ J Cancer Clin Oncol 24: 939– 941, 1988. 69 Berkowicz M, Rozner E, Rechavi G, et al: Translocation T(2;8) in AIDS-associated Burkitt leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989; 38: 131. 70 Kosmo MA, Mitsuyasu RT, Sparkes RS, Gale RP: Trisomy 12 in Burkitt-like lymphoma associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 29: 245– 251, 1987. 71 Laurence J, Astrin SM: Human immunodeficiency virus induction of malignant transformation in human B lymphocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88: 7635– 7639, 1991. 72 Subar M, Neri A, Inghirami G: Frequent c-myc oncogene activation and infrequent presence of Epstein-Barr virus genome in AIDS-associated lymphoma. Blood 72: 667– 671, 1988. 73 Remick SC, Diamond C, Migliozzi JA, et al: Primary central nervous system lymphoma in patients with and without the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A retrospective analysis and review of the literature. Medicine 69: 345– 360, 1990. 74 Rosenblum ML, Levy RM, Bredesen DE, et al: Primary central nervous system lymphomas in patients with AIDS. Ann Neurol 23: S13– S16, 1988. 75 Esptein LG, DiCarlo FJ Jr, Joshi VV, et al: Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system in children with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Pediatrics 82: 355– 363, 1988. 76 Goldstein J, Dickson DW, Rubenstein A, et al: Primary central nervous system lymphoma in a pediatric patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome: Treatment with radiation therapy. Cancer 66: 2503– 2508, 1990. 77 Del Mistro A, Laverda A, Calabrese F, et al: Primary lymphoma of the central nervous system in two children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Clin Pathol 94: 722– 728, 1990. 78 Goldstein JD, Zeifer B, Chao C, et al: CT appearance of primary CNS lymphoma in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Comput Assist Tomogr 15: 39– 44, 1991. 79 Li CY, Witzig TE, Phyliky RL, et al: Diagnosis of B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the central nervous system by immunocytochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid lymphocytes. Cancer 57: 737– 744, 1986. 80 Murray K, Kun L, Cox J: Primary malignant lymphoma of the central nervous system: Results of treatment of 11 cases and review of the literature. J Neurosurg 65: 600– 607, 1986. 81 Formenti SC, Gill PS, Lean E, et al: Primary central nervous system lymphoma in AIDS: Results of radiation therapy. Cancer 63: 1101– 1107, 1989. 82 Goldstein JD, Dickson DW, Moser FG, et al: Primary central nervous system lymphoma in acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A clinical and pathologic study with results of treatment with radiation. Cancer 67: 2756– 2765, 1991. 83 Meeker TC, Shiramizu B, Kaplan L, et al: Evidence for molecular subtypes of HIV-associated lymphoma: Division into peripheral monoclonal, polyclonal and central nervous system lymphoma. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5: 669– 674, 1991. 84 Rosenberg NL, Hochberg FH, Miller G, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK: Primary central nervous system lymphoma related to Epstein-Barr virus in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Ann Neurol 20: 98– 102, 1986. 85 Nakhleh RE, Manivel JC, Copenhaver CM, et al: In situ hybridization for the detection of Epstein-Barr virus in central nervous system lymphomas. Cancer 67: 444– 448, 1991. 86 Ahmed T, Worsher G, Stahl R, et al: Increased risk for Hodgkin's disease (HD) and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL) in a population at risk for AIDS (abstract). Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Houston, 1985. 87 Temple JJ, Andes WA: AIDS and Hodgkin's disease. Lancet 2: 454– 455, 1986. 88 Scheib RG, Siegel RS: Atypical Hodgkin's disease and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 102: 554, 1985. 89 Tirelli U, Vaccher E, Rezza G, et al: Hodgkin's disease in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS): A report on 36 patients. Acta Oncologica 28: 637– 639, 1989. 90 Desforges JF, Rutherford CJ, Piro A: Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med 301: 1212– 1222, 1979. 91 WJ Williams (ed): Hematology, ed 4. New York, McGraw Hill, 1990. 92 Ames ED, Conjalka MS, Goldberg AF, et al: Hodgkin's disease and AIDS: Twenty-three new cases and a review of the literature. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 5: 343– 356, 1991. 93 Picard O, de Gramont A, Krulik M, et al: Rectal Hodgkin disease and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Ann Intern Med 106: 775, 1987. 94 Pelstring RJ, Zellmer RB, Sulak LE, et al: Hodgkin's disease in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection: Pathologic and immunologic features. Cancer 67: 1865– 1873, 1991. 95 Ree HJ, Strauchen JA, Khan AA, et al: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated Hodgkin's disease: Clinicopathologic studies of 24 cases and preponderance of mixed cellular type characterized by the occurrence of fibrohistiocytoid stromal cells. Cancer 67: 1614– 1621, 1991. 96 Kaplan L, Kahn J, Northfelt D, et al: Novel combination chemotherapy for Hodgkin's disease (HD) in HIV-infected individuals (abstract). Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 10: A7, 1991. 97 Howard MR, McVerry BA: T-cell lymphoma in a haemophiliac positive for antibody to HIV. Br J Haematol 67: 115, 1987. 98 Lust JA, Banks PM, Hooper WC, et al: T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma in human immunodeficiency virus-1-infected individuals. Am J Hematol 31: 181– 87, 1989. 99 Gonzlez-Clemente JM, Ribera JM, Campo E, et al: Ki-1 + anaplastic large-cell lymphoma of T-cell origin in an HIV-infected patient. Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 5: 751– 755, 1991. 100 Ciobanu N, Andreeff M, Safai B, et al: Lymphoblastic neoplasia in a homosexual patient with Kaposi's sarcoma. Ann Intern Med 98: 151– 155, 1983. 101 Presant CA, Gala K, Wiseman C, et al: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma in AIDS. Cancer 60: 1459– 1461, 1987. 102 Ruff P, Bagg A, Papadopoulos K: Precursor T-cell lymphoma associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection: First reported case. Cancer 64: 39– 42, 1989. 103 Gold JE, Ghali V, Gold S, et al: Angiocentric immunoproliferative lesion/T-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Cancer 66: 2407– 2413, 1990. 104 Kobayashi M, Yoshimoto S, Fujishita M, et al: HTLV-positive T-cell lymphoma/leukaemia in an AIDS patient. Lancet 1: 1361– 1362, 1984. 105 Harper ME, Kaplan MH, Marselle LM, et al: Concomitant infection with HTLV-I and HTLV-III in a patient with T8 lymphoproliferative disease. N Engl J Med 315: 1073– 1078, 1986. 106 Good AE, Russo RH, Schnitzer B, Weatherbee L: Intracranial histiocytic lymphoma with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 5: 75– 78, 1978. 107 Crane GA, Variakojis D, Rosen ST, et al: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Arch Dermatol 127: 989– 994, 1991. 108 Nahass GT, Kraffert CA, Penneys NS: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol 127: 1020– 1022, 1991. 109 Parker SC, Fenton DA, McGibbon DH: Homme rouge and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. N Engl J Med 321: 906– 907, 1989. 110 Janier M, Katlama C, Flageul B, et al: The pseudo-Szary syndrome with CD8 phenotype in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Ann Intern Med 110: 738– 740, 1989. 111 Jones JF, Shurin S, Abramowsky C, et al: T-cell lymphomas containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA in patients with chronic Epstein-Barr virus infections. N Engl J Med 318: 733– 741, 1988. 112 Myskowski PL: Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma and human immunodeficiency virus: The spectrum broadens. Arch Dermatol 127: 1045– 1047, 1991. 113 Daling JR, Weiss NS, Hislop TG, et al: Sexual practices, sexually transmitted diseases, and the incidence of anal cancer. N Engl J Med 317: 973– 977, 1987. 114 New York City Dept of Health AIDS Surveillance: The AIDS epidemic in New York City 1981–1984. Am J Epidemiol 123: 1013– 1025, 1986. 115 Lorenz HP, Wilson W, Leigh B, et al: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus and HIV infection. Dis Colon Rectum 34: 336– 338, 1991. 116 Cooper HS, Patchefsky AS, Marks G: Cloacogenic carcinoma of the anorectum in homosexual men: An observation of four cases. Dis Colon Rectum 22: 557– 558, 1979. 117 Leach RD, Ellis H: Carcinoma of the rectum in male homosexuals. J R Soc Med 74: 490– 491, 1981. 118 Daling JR, Weiss NS, Klopfenstein LL, et al: Correlates of homosexual behavior and the incidence of anal cancer. JAMA 247: 1988– 1990, 1982. 119 Crombleholme T, Schecter W, Wilson W: Anal carcinoma: Changes in incidence, natural history, and treatment: A 26-year review of the UCSF-SFGH experience (abstr). Proc Annu Meet Am Soc Clin Oncol 8: A13, 1989. 120 Spurrett B, Jones DS, Stewart G: Cervical dysplasia and HIV infection (letter). Lancet 1: 237– 238, 1988. 121 Crocchiolo P, Lizioli A, Goisis F, et al: Cervical dysplasia and HIV infection (letter). Lancet 1: 238– 239, 1988. 122 Schfer A, Friedmann W, Mielke M, et al: The increased frequency of cervical dysplasia-neoplasia in women infected with the human immunodeficiency virus is related to the degree of immunosuppression. Am J Obstet Gynecol 164: 593– 599, 1991. 123 Vermund SH, Kelley KF, Klein RS, et al: High risk of human papillomavirus infection and cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions among women with symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus infection. Am J Obstet Gynecol 165: 392– 400, 1991. 124 Gal AA, Meyer PR, Taylor CR: Papillomavirus antigens in anorectal condyloma and carcinoma in homosexual men. JAMA 257: 337– 340, 1987. 125 Milburn PB, Brandsma JL, Goldsman CI, et al: Disseminated warts and evolving squamous cell carcinoma in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol 19: 401– 405, 1988. 126 Overly WL, Jakubek DJ: Multiple squamous cell carcinomas and human immunodeficiency virus infection. Ann Intern Med 106: 334, 1987. 127 Chadwick EG, Connor EJ, Hanson IC, et al: Tumors of smooth-muscle origin in HIV-infected children. JAMA 263: 3182– 3184, 1990. 128 McLoughlin LC, Nord KS, Joshi VV, et al: Disseminated leiomyosarcoma in a child with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Cancer 67: 2618– 2621, 1991. 129 Starasoler L, Vuitch F, Albores-Saavedra J: Intranodal leiomyoma: Another distinctive primary spindle cell neoplasm of lymph node. Am J Clin Pathol 95: 858– 862, 1991. 130 Penn I: Depressed immunity and the development of cancer. Clin Exp Immunol 46: 459– 474, 1981. 131 Frizzera G, Rosai J, Dehner LP, et al: Lymphoreticular disorders in primary immunodeficiencies: New findings based on an up-to-date histologic classification of 35 cases. Cancer 46: 692– 699, 1980. Citing Literature Volume42, Issue2March/April 1992Pages 74-95 ReferencesRelatedInformation